甄思廣,王厲強(qiáng),楊彬,文靜,葛方嶸,張中勁
(1.中國(guó)石化勝利油田分公司東勝公司,山東 東營(yíng) 257062;2.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司博士后工作站,新疆 哈密 839009;3.斯倫貝謝中國(guó)海洋服務(wù)公司隨鉆測(cè)井部,天津 300457;4.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司勘探開(kāi)發(fā)研究院,新疆 哈密 839009;5.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司魯克沁采油廠,新疆 鄯善 838202)
低滲透氣藏含啟動(dòng)壓力指數(shù)方程及應(yīng)用
甄思廣1,王厲強(qiáng)2,楊彬3,文靜4,葛方嶸5,張中勁4
(1.中國(guó)石化勝利油田分公司東勝公司,山東 東營(yíng) 257062;2.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司博士后工作站,新疆 哈密 839009;3.斯倫貝謝中國(guó)海洋服務(wù)公司隨鉆測(cè)井部,天津 300457;4.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司勘探開(kāi)發(fā)研究院,新疆 哈密 839009;5.中國(guó)石油吐哈油田公司魯克沁采油廠,新疆 鄯善 838202)
低滲透氣藏考慮啟動(dòng)壓力梯度的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)或穩(wěn)態(tài)三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程雖較二項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程有較大改進(jìn),但待定參數(shù)的確定隨意性較大,且建立的三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程的表達(dá)形式不唯一,計(jì)算的無(wú)阻流量也不唯一。為克服上述缺陷,從徑向流兩區(qū)滲流物理模型出發(fā),建立了含啟動(dòng)壓力的n次冪指數(shù)產(chǎn)能方程,并結(jié)合實(shí)例,驗(yàn)證對(duì)比了此方法與原方法的優(yōu)劣。結(jié)果表明,此方法簡(jiǎn)便可靠,待定參數(shù)和方程形式唯一;此外,使用未達(dá)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)流量值計(jì)算時(shí),三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程計(jì)算無(wú)阻流量偏于樂(lè)觀,礦場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)中建議采用此方法計(jì)算的無(wú)阻流量值。
低滲透氣藏;啟動(dòng)壓力;產(chǎn)能方程;無(wú)阻流量
因Forchheimer二項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程關(guān)系曲線不能準(zhǔn)確分析含啟動(dòng)壓力氣井產(chǎn)能[1-2],且存在大量穩(wěn)定試井資料的采氣指示曲線不通過(guò)原點(diǎn)的情況[3],文獻(xiàn)[2]、[3]分別提出了擬穩(wěn)態(tài)和穩(wěn)態(tài)三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程,但求解方法存在多解性,且較為繁瑣。為此,本文探索建立含啟動(dòng)壓力的n次冪指數(shù)方程。低滲透氣藏受制于儲(chǔ)集層性質(zhì),普遍采用壓裂投產(chǎn)[4-6],其徑向滲流可分為2個(gè)區(qū)域(見(jiàn)圖1):1)在裂縫面等效半徑rf內(nèi)可認(rèn)為氣體為完全紊流狀態(tài),遵循非線性滲流的指數(shù)方程;2)rf<r<re區(qū)間服從含啟動(dòng)壓力的廣義達(dá)西定律。因此,從兩區(qū)復(fù)合模型出發(fā),建立含啟動(dòng)壓力的2次冪指數(shù)方程。
圖1 低滲透氣藏壓裂井平面徑向流滲流模式
描述氣體非線性滲流的指數(shù)方程為[7]
當(dāng)考慮低滲透基質(zhì)的啟動(dòng)壓力效應(yīng)時(shí),式(1)可改寫(xiě)為
以文獻(xiàn)[2]、[3]中的實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)為例,回歸時(shí)確定待定參數(shù)的原則都是以相關(guān)系數(shù)最接近于1時(shí)為準(zhǔn),如表1所示。
表1 3種產(chǎn)能方程待定參數(shù)確定及無(wú)阻流量計(jì)算值比較
為獲得相關(guān)系數(shù)0.992 8和0.989 5,C值可以不唯一,且分布范圍較寬,導(dǎo)致建立的產(chǎn)能方程多解。其中,文獻(xiàn)[2]除了C=50時(shí),在另2個(gè)區(qū)間[45.42,45.5]和 [50,50.07] 也可獲得 0.992 8的相關(guān)系數(shù),在[46.8,48.4]區(qū)間可獲得更高的相關(guān)系數(shù)0.993 5;文獻(xiàn)[3]在[17.4,21.0]中的任意值都滿足最優(yōu)相關(guān)系數(shù),雖然無(wú)阻流量計(jì)算值之間相差不大,但所建方程不唯一。
采用本文建立的n次冪指數(shù)方程形式唯一,待定參數(shù)確定過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)便,采用文獻(xiàn)[2]、[3]的實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)得到的n分別為0.49和0.64,見(jiàn)圖2a、2b。
圖2 文獻(xiàn)[2]、[3]實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)的n次冪指數(shù)回歸曲線
本文使用文獻(xiàn)[3]的穩(wěn)定流量值計(jì)算無(wú)阻流量與前2種方法相差不大,相對(duì)誤差在2%以?xún)?nèi)。使用文獻(xiàn)[2]的非穩(wěn)定流量值計(jì)算無(wú)阻流量,前2種方法的計(jì)算結(jié)果均大于本文公式(9)的計(jì)算結(jié)果,且差異較大,相對(duì)誤差大于9%,此種情況下,三項(xiàng)式方程計(jì)算無(wú)阻流量,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中采用偏保守的n次冪指數(shù)方程較好。
1)三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程雖然克服了常規(guī)二項(xiàng)式方程的缺陷,但待定參數(shù)確定過(guò)程繁瑣,且建立的三項(xiàng)式方程形式不唯一。n次冪指數(shù)產(chǎn)能方程物理意義明確,待定參數(shù)確定過(guò)程較為簡(jiǎn)便,方程形式唯一,有較好的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可操作性。
2)三項(xiàng)式產(chǎn)能方程與n次冪指數(shù)方程相比,使用未達(dá)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)流量值計(jì)算時(shí),無(wú)阻流量計(jì)算值偏于樂(lè)觀,對(duì)于低滲透氣藏而言,選擇預(yù)測(cè)值相對(duì)保守的指數(shù)產(chǎn)能方程較為適宜。
ρg為氣體密度,kg/m3;v為氣體滲流速度,m/s;C′為待定參數(shù);n為氣體指數(shù)方程待定指數(shù),無(wú)量綱;λB為啟動(dòng)壓力,MPa;C為待定參數(shù);r為供氣半徑,m;h為油層厚度,m;psc為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下天然氣壓力,MPa;T為油層溫度,K;Zsc為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)壓縮因子,無(wú)量綱;Tsc為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)溫度,K;qsc為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下天然氣產(chǎn)量,m3/d;ψe為地層壓力對(duì)應(yīng)的擬壓力,MPa;ψwf為井底流動(dòng)壓力對(duì)應(yīng)的擬壓力,MPa。
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(編輯 孫薇)
Exponential equation with threshold pressure for low permeability gas reservoir and its application
Zhen Siguang1,Wang Liqiang2,Yang Bin3,Wen Jing4,Ge Fangrong5,Zhang Zhongjin4
(1.Dongsheng Company,Shengli Oilfield Company,SINOPEC,Dongying 257062,China;2.Post-Doctoral Workstation of Tuha Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Hami 839009,China;3.Department of Well Logging While Drilling,Schlumberger China Marine Services Company,Tianjin 300457,China;4.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Tuha Oilfield Company, PetroChina,Hami 839009,China;5.Lukeqing Oil Production Plant,Tuha Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Shanshan 838202,China)
Trinomial deliverability equation,considered threshold pressure gradient,of pseudo-steady state or steady state has a greater improvement than that of binomial in low permeability gas reservoir.However,the arbitrary of the determination of undetermined parameter is large and the established trinomial deliverability equation is not unique.And the calculated open flow capacity is not unique too.To overcome the shortcomings,based on the physical model of the two areas of radial flow,the deliverability equation of n-th power exponent with threshold pressure is set up and this method is compared with original method. The results show that this method is simple and reliable and that the undetermined parameter and equation are determined with uniqueness.In addition,using the flow value of unstable state,the open flow capacity calculated by trinomial deliverability equation is optimistic,the relatively conservative open flow capacity calculated by the method is proposed to use in mining production.
low permeability gas reservoir;threshold pressure;deliverability equation;open flow capacity
國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“低(超低)滲透油藏氣驅(qū)可行性研究及先導(dǎo)試驗(yàn)研究”(2007BAB17B05)
TE328
:A
1005-8907(2012)02-0218-03
2011-06-20;改回日期:2012-01-20。
甄思廣,男,1978年生,工程師,2004年碩士畢業(yè)于中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)石油工程專(zhuān)業(yè),主要從事油氣田開(kāi)發(fā)工作。E-mail:zhensg1978@163.com。
甄思廣,王厲強(qiáng),楊彬,等.低滲透氣藏含啟動(dòng)壓力指數(shù)方程及應(yīng)用[J].斷塊油氣田,2012,19(2):218-220. Zhen Siguang,Wang Liqiang,Yang Bin,et al.Exponential equation with threshold pressure for low permeability gas reservoir and its application[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(2)::218-220.