It sounds like something from a fairy tale. If you look at the horizon at sunset—exactly as the last sliver(長條) of sun disappears—you might see a flash of brilliant green blaze across the sky. Indeed, an old Scottish proverb (諺語) maintains that whoever sees this flash will always be lucky in love. While we can’t confirm the lucky-in-love part of this, there is a scientific explanation for the flash of green light.
這聽起來有點像童話故事。當你凝視著日落時的地平線——確切的說是當太陽隱去最后一道光芒的時候——你也許會看到一道綠色的亮光劃過天空。其實,有一句古老的蘇格蘭諺語說過,如果誰看見了這道綠閃光,誰就會是愛情的幸運兒。盡管我們不能證實是不是會真的成為愛情的幸運兒,但是關于這道綠光科學能夠給出解釋。
As sunlight enters our atmosphere, it bends slightly. This is due to refraction (折光,折射), the same thing that makes a pencil look slightly askew (歪斜的) when you stick it half way into a glass of water. The atmospheric bending of light rays is greatest when the sun is right along the horizon, at sunrise or sunset.
當太陽光進入大氣層時,由于折射作用,光線會發(fā)生輕微的彎曲。這和把鉛筆的一半沒入一杯水中時看起來有點彎折的情況類似。光線在貼近地平線時,即日出或者日落時,大氣的折射率最大。
How does bending sunlight create a green flash? When sunlight is bent by refraction, it separates into different colors, just like light through a prism (三棱鏡). While a prism can make a dramatic rainbow, atmospheric refraction isn’t that strong. It doesn’t turn the sun into a rainbow, but it makes the lowest part of the sun seem a bit redder, and the top of the sun seem greenish blue. The effect is so subtle, you’d never notice it.
太陽光的折射是如何產(chǎn)生綠閃光的呢?當太陽光發(fā)生折射時,就像是光線經(jīng)過一道三棱柱,光束會被分離出不同的顏色。三棱柱雖然可以產(chǎn)生漂亮的彩虹,但是大氣的折射程度沒那么厲害,不會把陽光變成彩虹,但是它會使太陽最下面的部分帶點紅色,最上面的部分帶點偏綠的藍色。不過由于作用微弱,你可能從來沒注意過。
Except, of course, at sunset or sunrise, for a split second, when most of the sun’s globe is below the horizon, the only part showing is that blue-green sliver along the top. Blue light is scattered by the atmosphere, so what’s left is a brief flash of green, the only illumination (照明, 發(fā)光) in the sky!
當然,除非是在日出或者日落的一剎那,當太陽幾乎整個落到地平線以下、唯一能看見的部分就是頂部的一縷藍綠色光時,藍光經(jīng)大氣層散射,剩下的就是短暫的綠色閃光了。那是那一刻天空中唯一的亮光!
Please remember, this happens immediately after a sunset. Never look directly at the setting sun.
不過請記住,這種現(xiàn)象只在日落后的瞬間發(fā)生。千萬別一直盯著落日看。