河北省邯鄲市磁縣講武城中學 李春燕
學習是學生主動建構知識的過程。學生不是簡單被動地接受信息,而是對外部信息進行主動地選擇,加工和處理,從而獲得知識。學習的過程是自我生成的過程,這種生成是他人無法取代的,是由內(nèi)向外的生長,而不是由外向內(nèi)的灌輸,其基礎是學生原有的知識與經(jīng)驗。
如課例:Find The Right Place教學片段 (教師提供一幅Lily的房間陳列圖)
T:I have a little friend,her name is Lily,She is a nice girl,but she always forgets things.She can’t find her shoes,she can’t find her bag.Can you help her?
S:Yes.
T:Where’re her school clothes?
S:They’er on the bed.
T:Where’re her shoes?
S:Ther’re under the bed.
T:Where’re her English book?Can you find it on the desk?
S:No,it’s in her school bag.
T:Maybe.Thank you.Lily can find her things now,and she can go to school.Where’s her school?
(教師展示事先準備好的位置示意圖,通過school作為過渡,引出本課出現(xiàn)的新的地點名詞,并幫助學生說出它們的方位)
T:Look at this Pictuer.What place is it?It’s a bank...Say after me,bank.(學生讀準后)
T:Where’s the bank?
S:It’s next to the school.
T:And you send letters to your friends in this place.Well call it a post office.(帶讀)
T:Can you find the post office in the map?
S:Yes,it’s front of the...
本課例的教學重點有兩個:一是next to,in front of,behind,outside,on the left,on the right等介詞和詞組的用法;二是本課新出現(xiàn)的地點名詞。在呈現(xiàn)新知識之前,教師先通過幫Lily找物品的游戲,激活了學生原有的知識。具體地說,一是學生已經(jīng)學過的介詞in,on,under等,為將要學習的新介詞和詞組提供借鑒。二是通過學生已經(jīng)非常熟悉的school一詞,逐漸介紹bank,post office等,并穿插介紹它們的位置,使學生在原有知識的基礎上,逐漸引伸、生成新的知識來。
在以往的教學中我們更容易忽略的是學生的經(jīng)驗。經(jīng)驗是人與客觀世界之間的交互作用與相互影響,它既是經(jīng)驗的過程,也是經(jīng)驗的結果,是經(jīng)驗的過程與結果的統(tǒng)一;它既指經(jīng)驗著(過)的事物,也指經(jīng)驗著(過)的感受,是經(jīng)驗著(過)的事物和感受的統(tǒng)一。 如課例:“You Must Be More Careful”教學片段。
T:How do you usually go to school?
S:By bike.
T:You must be more careful when you cross the road.
S:OK.Thank you.
T:Then please tell me what we should do when we cross the street.(板書:When we cross the street...)
S1:When we cross the street.We must stop and look left and right carefully.
S2:When we cross the street,We must’t run.
S3:...
T:That’s vety good.When you see the light for walkers,you should stop and wait.
And when the green light is on,you can go.What should we do if there’s a lot of traffic?
T:(板書:If...)
S1:We must stop.
T:If you are not careful enough...
S2:If I am not carefulenough,a car may hit me.
T:If a man drives too fast...
S3:If he drives too fast,he may have an accident.
(然后提供一組圖片,讓學生通過看圖說話進一步靈活運用when和If)
本課例中,教師依據(jù)學生在生活中天天都有過馬路的生活體驗,在導入階段,教師似乎是在了解學生的日常學習和生活,實際上是在把when和if的用法和意義帶出,讓學生在一定的語言環(huán)境中理解它們的意義和用法。接著就馬上把練習的機會交給了學生。對于教師提出的兩個開放性問題Please tell me what we should do when we cross the street.What should we do if there’s a lot of traffic?由于學生有著豐富的經(jīng)驗,談論起來不會存在太大的困難,會非常樂意參與進去。所以說,學生的經(jīng)驗也是學習的重要基礎,在教學中要給予足夠的重視。
[1]教育部.義務教育英語課程標準[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007.