魯麗
單項選擇題旨在檢測學(xué)生在特定的語言環(huán)境中準確運用詞匯、語法知識以及日常交際用語的能力。學(xué)生除了在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要做好基礎(chǔ)知識的積累外,還需要掌握一定的解題方法和技巧,找到相應(yīng)的突破口,才能提高解題的準確率。
一、結(jié)構(gòu)分析法
結(jié)構(gòu)分析法是指通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),搞清句子的成分以及各成分在句中的作用,從而搞清句子的意思,進而作答。
1.直接法。直接利用相關(guān)語法知識,通過題干中的已知信息,捕捉到解題線索,從而得出正確答案。如:
Can you make a sentence to the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off B. turn out
C. bring outD. take in
分析:通過對動詞短語含義的辨析可以直接得出答案是C。
2.增元法。在解題過程中,將句子中省略的成分補全,或者在不改變句意的情況下增加句子的某些成分,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更明顯。如:
—Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.
—Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. that?
A. Dont you know B. Havent you known
C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known
分析: 此處我們可以使用增元法,把時間狀語補全,問題就迎刃而解了。 that (when you bought it)?加上表示過去的時間狀語,不難看出答案為C。
3.減元法。減元法是指在解題中把修飾成分或補充說明成分取掉,找出句子的主干部分,然后根據(jù)主干部分選擇答案的一種解題方法。這種方法多用于帶有從句、分詞或介詞短語作定語的句子中,以及有插入語的句子中。如:
The wonderful time they have been looking forward to finally arrived.
A.had B.have C.has D.having
分析:許多同學(xué)會誤選答案D。此句中they have been looking forward to是定語從句,用來修飾time。去掉這個定語從句,將此句簡化,主干部分則為:The wonderful time finally arrived.通過減元法,很明顯此題正確答案為C。
4.還原法。還原法就是指將一個結(jié)構(gòu)不明顯或者復(fù)雜的句子,通過還原使它變成另一個結(jié)構(gòu)簡單明了且意思相同的句子的一種解題方法。常見的有將被動語態(tài)還原成主動語態(tài);疑問句還原成陳述句;感嘆句還原成陳述句;倒裝語序還原成正常語序;強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)還原成常見的陳述結(jié)構(gòu);還可以將復(fù)合句分解成簡單句,簡單句還原成復(fù)合句等。下面略舉兩例。
(1)復(fù)合句分解成簡單句。如:
Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired
C. repairedD. to be repaired
分析:此題可把后半句還原成she had had the washing machine repaired,再把the washing machine提到前面作先行詞,變成一個定語從句。答案為C。
(2) 簡單句還原成復(fù)合句。如:
The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working
C. to have worked D. having worked
分析:將此句還原為“After he had worked for twenty years, the old man is on the way back to his motherland.”很快能看出從句中的動詞work所表示的動作要比主句謂語動詞所表示的動作先發(fā)生。所以答案為D。
二、關(guān)鍵詞法
許多題目中都有關(guān)鍵詞。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞,也就找到了解題的突破口。如:
Its nearly six years since I worked in the company. I in the school.
A. taught B. was teaching
C. am teaching D. had been teaching
分析:此題的關(guān)鍵詞就是since和work。我們知道在since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,如果謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞,如work, live, stay等,則表示該動作的結(jié)束。答案為C。
三、交際法
英漢兩種語言在表達上存在很大的差異,解題時要排除母語干擾,回憶規(guī)范英語表達。如:
—Excuse me, do you have the time?
— .
A. Yes, I do. B. Of course, I have.
C. A quarter to ten.D. No problem.
分析:很多學(xué)生受中文思維的影響,把“Do you have the time?”誤解為“你有空嗎?”其實這是在問時間:“你知道現(xiàn)在幾點嗎?”故答案為C。
(責任編輯 周侯辰)