楊 君, 張彩鳳, 秦瑞英, 任艷芳, 王慧玲, 華方方
(新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 1婦產(chǎn)科, 2消化科,河南 新鄉(xiāng) 453100)
SCD-1在宮頸癌中的表達及其表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌細胞增殖和凋亡的影響*
楊 君1△, 張彩鳳2, 秦瑞英1, 任艷芳1, 王慧玲1, 華方方1
(新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院1婦產(chǎn)科,2消化科,河南 新鄉(xiāng) 453100)
目的檢測正常宮頸組織、宮頸鱗癌組織以及宮頸癌細胞株HeLa、SiHa和CaSki中酰基輔酶A去飽和酶1(stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1,SCD-1)蛋白的表達,分析SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌細胞增殖和凋亡的影響。方法采用Western blotting檢測正常宮頸組織、宮頸鱗癌組織以及宮頸癌細胞株HeLa、SiHa和CaSki中SCD-1蛋白的表達。利用脂質(zhì)體2000將SCD-1 siRNA和對照siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染CaSki細胞,采用Western blotting檢測轉(zhuǎn)染SCD-1 siRNA后CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達。進一步利用CCK-8試劑和流式細胞術(shù)檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后CaSki細胞增殖和細胞凋亡的變化,并利用Caspase-Glo?3/7和9檢測試劑盒檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后caspase-3和caspase-9活性的變化,采用Western blotting檢測Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表達。結(jié)果宮頸鱗癌組織中SCD-1蛋白的表達顯著高于其對應(yīng)的正常宮頸組織(P<0.05),而3株宮頸癌細胞中SCD-1蛋白表達也顯著高于正常宮頸組織,其中CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白表達最高(P<0.05)。此外,SCD-1 siRNA組中CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達顯著低于未處理組和對照siRNA組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與未處理組和對照siRNA組相比,SCD-1 siRNA組中CaSki細胞的增殖顯著受到抑制(P<0.05)。SCD-1 siRNA組中CaSki細胞的早期凋亡率顯著高于未處理組和對照siRNA組(P<0.05)。進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)SCD-1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后caspase-3、caspase-9活性和Bax蛋白表達顯著上升,而Bcl-2蛋白表達顯著下調(diào)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論SCD-1可能在宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用,其表達下調(diào)介導(dǎo)的細胞增殖抑制和細胞凋亡可能與caspase-3、caspase-9活性以及Bcl-2和Bax表達變化密切相關(guān)。
酰基輔酶A去飽和酶1; 宮頸腫瘤; 細胞增殖; 細胞凋亡
腫瘤細胞能夠增加糖酵解和脂肪合成從而改變其自身的代謝[1]。持續(xù)增殖的腫瘤細胞不僅在脂質(zhì)從頭生物合成中具有量的改變,而且能修飾脂質(zhì)膜構(gòu)成發(fā)生質(zhì)的改變進而影響膜的流動性、信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和基因表達[2]。從轉(zhuǎn)化細胞的脂質(zhì)分析表明飽和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)向單不飽和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)的量逐漸增加[3],酰基輔酶A去飽和酶1(stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1,SCD-1)是Δ9脂肪酸去飽和酶異構(gòu)體,能將SFA轉(zhuǎn)換為MUFA[4],提示其可能在腫瘤的脂質(zhì)代謝過程中發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。研究顯示SCD-1在遺傳上易于發(fā)生肝癌的鼠模型中過表達,表明SCD-1可能與腫瘤發(fā)生密切相關(guān)[5]。最近,越來越多的研究顯示,SCD-1在多種不同的腫瘤包括食管癌、結(jié)腸癌、肝癌以及化學(xué)誘導(dǎo)的乳腺腫瘤中均呈現(xiàn)過表達[3, 6-8],但在前列腺癌中呈現(xiàn)低表達[9],提示SCD-1表達水平可能具有腫瘤類型依賴性。最近,SCD-1在RNAi篩選中被鑒定為腫瘤治療的潛在分子靶點[10]。我們通過文獻檢索發(fā)現(xiàn),迄今為止,關(guān)于SCD-1與宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系尚未見報道。因此在本研究中,我們檢測宮頸癌細胞和組織中SCD-1蛋白的表達,研究其表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌細胞增殖和凋亡的影響,并分析與細胞凋亡密切相關(guān)的caspase-3和caspase-9的活性,檢測抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和促凋亡蛋白Bax的表達,初步闡明SCD-1在宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能的作用,為以SCD-1為靶點的宮頸癌分子靶向治療提供理論依據(jù)。
1材料
宮頸鱗癌組織和正常宮頸組織均通過病理學(xué)證實,取自新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院,并經(jīng)液氮保存?zhèn)溆谩m頸癌細胞株HeLa、SiHa和CaSki購自中國典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心。DMEM培養(yǎng)液、胰酶和胎牛血清均購自Gibco;凋亡檢測試劑盒Annexin V-FITC Kit購自Beckman Coulter;兔抗人SCD-1和β-actin抗體、鼠抗人Bcl-2和Bax抗體、SCD-1 siRNA和對照siRNA均購自Santa Cruz;細胞裂解液購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司;Caspase-Glo?3/7和9試劑盒購自Promega。
2細胞培養(yǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)染及實驗分組
HeLa、SiHa和CaSki細胞復(fù)蘇后置于含10 %胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng),當(dāng)細胞傳代到狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定后,采用Western blotting法檢測隨機選取的2例正常宮頸組織、2例宮頸鱗癌組織和3株宮頸癌細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達。將上述SCD-1表達量最高的CaSki細胞培養(yǎng)至細胞融合度為90%左右時,將SCD-1 siRNA和對照siRNA采用脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)法轉(zhuǎn)染至CaSki細胞,轉(zhuǎn)染后將細胞分為3組進行相關(guān)實驗:未處理組(不作任何處理)、對照siRNA組(利用對照siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染)和SCD-1 siRNA組(采用SCD-1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染)。
3細胞增殖分析
分別收集轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h及96 h的3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,并將每孔2 000個細胞接種于96孔板,每個時點設(shè)置5個復(fù)孔,當(dāng)測定生長速率時,加入含10% CCK-8的等量新鮮培養(yǎng)基于37 ℃繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)2 h,最后采用酶標(biāo)儀測定450 nm的吸光度。
4流式細胞術(shù)檢測宮頸癌CaSki細胞凋亡
收集轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,于預(yù)冷PBS中洗滌。每組1×109/L的細胞重懸,取100 μL細胞置于試管中,加入Annexin V-FITC和碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)各5 μL,避光孵育15 min后,采用流式細胞術(shù)檢測1×104個細胞,并利用CellQuest軟件分析結(jié)果。
5Caspase-3和caspase-9的活性分析
采用caspase-Glo?3/7和9檢測試劑盒分析3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞中caspase-3和caspase-9的活性。SCD-1 siRNA和對照siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后于48 h收獲3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,分別置于緩沖液(25 mmol/L HEPES,pH 7.5,5 mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L EGTA,1 mmol/L Pefabloc?絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑,胃酶抑素、亮肽素和抑肽酶各1 mg/L)中充分懸浮后,于4 ℃、13 000 r/min離心15 min,澄清提取液。將澄清的提取液中的蛋白濃度預(yù)先調(diào)整為1 g/L,于-80 ℃下凍存。為了測定caspase活性,將稀釋后的提取液(10 mg/L)與caspase-Glo?檢測試劑等體積混合,置于96孔白壁培養(yǎng)板中,室溫孵育1 h,然后采用發(fā)光檢測儀獲取數(shù)據(jù)。
6Westernblotting檢測
Western blotting采用吳裕丹等[11]報道的方法。收集轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,利用細胞裂解液提取總蛋白,并采用Bradford法測定各組蛋白濃度。將50 μg總蛋白在上樣緩沖液中煮5~10 min,采用10% SDS-PAGE進行蛋白分離,接著將凝膠上的蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維素(nitrocellulose,NC)膜上。將NC膜用含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST于室溫封閉2 h,分別加Ⅰ抗(SCD-1、Bcl-2、Bax和β-actin;按1∶200稀釋)于含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST中4 ℃過夜孵育,接著用TBST洗膜3次,每次5 min,洗膜結(jié)束后加Ⅱ抗室溫孵育2 h,然后曝光成像。最后用Gene Tools軟件分析蛋白相對表達量(目的蛋白表達量與內(nèi)參照β-actin表達量的比值)。
7統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
采用統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件SPSS 13.0分析,數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,3組之間比較采用單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
1SCD-1在宮頸癌組織和細胞中的表達
用Western blotting方法檢測宮頸不同組織和細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達,結(jié)果表明,2例宮頸鱗癌組織中SCD-1蛋白表達均顯著高于2例正常宮頸組織,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與正常宮頸組織相比,3株宮頸癌細胞系中SCD-1蛋白表達均顯著上調(diào)(P<0.05);在所有檢測的組織和細胞中,CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白表達顯著高于其它各組(P<0.05),見圖1。因此,在后續(xù)的研究中我們選用CaSki細胞作為研究對象。
2SCD-1siRNA抑制宮頸癌CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達
SCD-1 siRNA組中SCD-1蛋白表達顯著低于未處理組和對照siRNA組(P<0.05),而未處理組與對照siRNA組之間的SCD-1蛋白表達無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖2。
Figure 1. Expression of SCD-1 protein in cervical carcinoma tissues and cells detected by Western blotting.N: normal cervical tissues;T: cervical carcinoma tissues. β-actin was utilized as internal control.Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vs1N;△P<0.05vs1N and 2N;#P<0.05vs1N, 2N and 1T;▲P<0.05vs1N, 2N, 1T and 2T;○P<0.05vs1N, 2N, 1T, 2T and HeLa;●P<0.05vsother groups.
圖1SCD-1蛋白在宮頸癌組織和細胞中的表達
Figure 2. Effect of SCD-1 siRNA on the protein expression of SCD-1 in cervical carcinoma CaSki cells.Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsuntreated group and control siRNA group.
圖2SCD-1siRNA對宮頸癌CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白表達的影響
3SCD-1表達下調(diào)抑制宮頸癌CaSki細胞增殖
收集SCD-1 siRNA和對照siRNA處理后不同時間點的3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,采用CCK-8檢測試劑盒分析不同時間點CaSki細胞增殖的變化,結(jié)果表明,與未處理組和對照siRNA組相比,SCD-1 siRNA組中CaSki細胞在轉(zhuǎn)染后的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h,其細胞增殖均受到明顯抑制(P<0.05),而未處理組和對照siRNA組之間CaSki細胞的增殖無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖3。
Figure 3. Effect of down-regulation of SCD-1 on the proliferation in cervical carcinoma CaSki cells. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsuntreated group and control siRNA group.
圖3SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞增殖的影響
4SCD-1表達下調(diào)誘導(dǎo)宮頸癌CaSki細胞凋亡
SCD-1 siRNA組中CaSki細胞的早期凋亡率(19.32%±0.93%)顯著高于未處理組(8.25%±0.35%)和對照siRNA組(8.29%±0.22%),而未處理組和對照siRNA組之間CaSki細胞早期凋亡率無顯著差異。此外,SCD-1 siRNA組(66.59%±1.28%)中CaSki細胞的活細胞率顯著低于未處理組(87.35%±0.89%)和對照siRNA組(86.87%±0.93%),而未處理組和對照siRNA組之間CaSki細胞的活細胞率無顯著差異,見表1。
表1SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞凋亡的影響
Table 1. Effect of down-regulation of SCD-1 on the apoptosis of cervical carcinoma CaSki cells(%.Mean±SD.n=3)
GroupEarly-phaseapoptoticratio ViablecellratioUntreated8.25±0.3587.35±0.89ControlsiRNA8.29±0.2286.87±0.93SCD-1siRNA19.32±0.93*66.59±1.28*
*P<0.05vsuntreated group and control siRNA group.
5SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞caspase-3和caspase-9活性的影響
收集轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的3組宮頸癌CaSki細胞,采用Caspase-Glo?3/7和9檢測試劑盒分析3組細胞中caspase-3和caspase-9的活性,結(jié)果顯示,與未處理組和對照siRNA組相比,SCD-1 siRNA組中caspase-3和caspase-9的活性均顯著上升(P<0.05),而未處理組和對照siRNA組中caspase-3和caspase-9的活性無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖4。
Figure 4. Down-regulation of SCD-1 significantly enhanced the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in cervical carcinoma CaSki cells.Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsuntreated group and control siRNA group.
圖4SCD-1表達下調(diào)顯著提高宮頸癌CaSki細胞caspase-3和caspase-9的活性
6SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表達的影響
SCD-1 siRNA組中Bcl-2蛋白的表達顯著低于未處理組和對照siRNA組,而Bax蛋白表達顯著高于未處理組和對照siRNA組(P<0.05),而未處理組和對照siRNA組之間Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表達無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖5。
對于正常細胞和腫瘤細胞的增殖、死亡和衰老的控制是與代謝的調(diào)控密切相關(guān),特別是脂質(zhì)信號和結(jié)構(gòu)的合成與重建[12]。SCD-1是脂肪酸合成的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控基因,與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系十分密切,并牽涉腫瘤發(fā)展的多方面,包括:細胞增殖、細胞周期、凋亡、炎癥反應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)化等[12]。Falvella等[5]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SCD-1 mRNA在小鼠和大鼠肝癌中的表達水平分別是正常肝組織的10倍和4倍,提示SCD-1可能與肝癌發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切。Mauvoisin等[13]在研究SCD-1在乳腺癌MCF7和MDA-MB-231細胞中的功能時,發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染SCD-1 siRNA其表達水平顯著低于對照組,并且其表達下調(diào)能明顯抑制β-catenin信號途徑,抑制細胞的增殖和降低細胞的侵襲能力,提示SCD-1在乳腺癌中可能扮演癌基因的作用。盡管上述研究支持SCD-1在這些腫瘤中作為癌基因發(fā)揮作用,但是Zhang等[14]研究SCD-1在白血病干細胞中的作用時,發(fā)現(xiàn)SCD-1在白血病干細胞中表達下調(diào),在白血病干細胞中發(fā)揮腫瘤抑制的作用,并對正常造血干細胞無影響,進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失SCD-1能加速慢性髓細胞樣白血病的進展,相反SCD-1過表達延遲慢性髓細胞樣白血病的進展,這一研究提示SCD-1在白血病中發(fā)揮抑癌基因的作用。SCD-1在宮頸癌中的作用如何?目前尚不清楚,因此在本研究中,我們檢測了宮頸鱗癌組織和細胞中SCD-1蛋白的表達,發(fā)現(xiàn)SCD-1蛋白在隨機選擇的2例宮頸鱗癌組織中比其相應(yīng)的正常宮頸組織顯著升高(P<0.05),并且3株宮頸癌細胞HeLa、SiHa和CaSki中SCD-1蛋白的表達也明顯高于其它組織中SCD-1蛋白的表達,且CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白水平最高(P<0.05),我們這里呈現(xiàn)的結(jié)果初步提示SCD-1可能在宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,但其確切的表達模式尚需進一步探討。
Figure 5. Effect of down-regulation of SCD-1 on the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in cervical carcinoma CaSki cells.Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsuntreated group and control siRNA group.
圖5SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表達的影響
活化的脂肪生成,尤其是膜脂的合成對于腫瘤細胞的連續(xù)增殖起關(guān)鍵的調(diào)控作用,是避免腫瘤細胞進行凋亡程序的關(guān)鍵機制[15]。已有的研究結(jié)果顯示SCD-1能調(diào)控腫瘤細胞的增殖和存活,通過siRNA沉默SCD-1能顯著降低多種人類腫瘤細胞系的存活[10]。在本研究中,我們首先通過SCD-1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染宮頸癌CaSki細胞,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與未處理組和對照siRNA組相比,SCD-1 siRNA能顯著下調(diào)宮頸癌CaSki細胞中SCD-1蛋白水平(P<0.05)。進一步我們采用CCK-8試劑分析SCD-1表達下調(diào)對宮頸癌CaSki細胞增殖的影響,結(jié)果顯示,與未處理組和對照siRNA組相比,SCD-1 siRNA組中宮頸癌CaSki細胞的增殖明顯受到抑制,這一結(jié)果提示SCD-1能調(diào)控宮頸癌細胞的增殖,但其確切的分子機制尚待進一步鑒定。
研究表明,抑制SCD-1表達能顯著增加腫瘤細胞的凋亡[16],提示腫瘤細胞的存活需要適量的SCD-1水平去維持。在多種不同類型的腫瘤中,抑制SCD-1的表達能夠?qū)е录毎蛲鯷10]。Minville-Walz等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn),在人骨肉瘤U2OS細胞中抑制SCD-1的表達能誘導(dǎo)高水平的caspase-3活性,從而促進腫瘤細胞凋亡。為了進一步探討是否抑制宮頸癌細胞中SCD-1的表達能誘導(dǎo)細胞凋亡?在本研究中,我們采用流式細胞術(shù)分析SCD-1 siRNA處理前后宮頸癌CaSki細胞凋亡水平,結(jié)果表明,SCD-1 siRNA組中細胞早期凋亡數(shù)顯著高于未處理組和對照siRNA組,而活細胞數(shù)顯著低于未處理組和對照siRNA組(P<0.05),提示SCD-1表達下調(diào)能明顯誘導(dǎo)宮頸癌細胞發(fā)生凋亡。進一步分析與細胞凋亡密切相關(guān)的caspase-3、caspase-9、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的活性和表達水平,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)SCD-1表達下調(diào)能顯著提升caspase-3和caspase-9的活性,增加Bax蛋白的表達水平,但降低Bcl-2蛋白的水平,這一結(jié)果提示SCD-1表達下調(diào)介導(dǎo)的細胞凋亡可能與caspase-3和caspase-9活性的升高、Bax蛋白表達上調(diào)以及Bcl-2表達下調(diào)密切相關(guān)。
總之,我們的結(jié)果顯示,SCD-1表達下調(diào)能顯著抑制宮頸癌細胞增殖和誘導(dǎo)細胞凋亡,其凋亡發(fā)生可能與凋亡相關(guān)蛋白表達變化密切相關(guān),未來進一步研究SCD-1在宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的分子機制有望為宮頸癌的分子靶向治療提供新的實驗依據(jù)。
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ExpressionofSCD-1incervicalcarcinomaandeffectofitsdown-regulationonproliferationandapoptosisofcervicalcarcinomacells
YANG Jun1, ZHANG Cai-feng2, QIN Rui-ying1, REN Yan-fang1, WANG Hui-ling1, HUA Fang-fang1
(1DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,2DepartmentofGastroenterology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofXinxiangMedicalUniversity,Xinxiang453100,China.E-mail:wylyangjun888@126.com)
AIM: To examine the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) in normal cervical tissues, cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues, and cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa, SiHa and CaSki, and to investigate the effect of down-regulation of SCD-1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells.METHODSThe expression of SCD-1 was detected by Western blotting in normal cervical tissues, cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues, and cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa, SiHa and CaSki. SCD-1 siRNA and control siRNA were utilized to transfect CaSki cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and SCD-1 protein level was determined by Western blotting after transfection. Furthermore, CCK-8 and flow cytometry were utilized to investigate the changes of cell proliferation and apoptosis after transfection with SCD-1 siRNA in CaSki cells. Subsequently, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were analyzed by Caspase-Glo?3/7 and 9 detection kit after transfection with SCD-1 siRNA in CaSki cells. Finally, the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blotting.RESULTSThe protein expression of SCD-1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal cervical tissues, and the protein expression of SCD-1 in the 3 cervical carcinoma cell lines was obviously higher than that in normal cervical tissues, in which CaSki cells displayed the highest SCD-1 protein level. In addition, the protein expression of SCD-1 in SCD-1 siRNA group was significantly lower than that in untreated group and control siRNA group. Compared with untreated group and control siRNA group, the proliferation of CaSki cells was markedly inhibited in SCD-1 siRNA group. Early apoptotic rate in SCD-1 siRNA group was evidently higher than that in untreated group and control siRNA group. The activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and the level of Bax protein were significantly elevated, and the protein level of Bcl-2 was obviously reduced after transfection with SCD-1 siRNA in CaSki cells.CONCLUSIONSCD-1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma, and its down-regulation, which mediates cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, may be tightly associated with the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1; Uterine cervical neoplasms; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis
R363
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2013.11.010
1000- 4718(2013)11- 1972- 06
2013- 07- 01
2013- 10- 08
河南省人口和計劃生育科學(xué)技術(shù)研究課題(No. 20121026)
△通訊作者 Tel: 0373-4402424; E-mail: wylyangjun888@163.com