王 超,曾玉香,王炳強(qiáng),孫 義,王志英
(1.天津市環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)研究院,天津 300191; 2.天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 環(huán)境工程系,天津 300402)
二噁英有強(qiáng)烈致癌、致畸、致突變的特性,而且極端難降解,能高度累積,造成對(duì)生態(tài)平衡和人類健康的潛在威脅[1]. 二噁英是一類鹵代含氧三環(huán)芳烴類化合物,包括多氯代二苯駢二噁英(PCDD)、多氯代二苯駢呋喃(PCDF)、多氯聯(lián)二苯(PCB)、以及溴代物和其他混合鹵代物. 多氯代二苯駢呋喃(PCDF)共有135 種異構(gòu)體. 在有關(guān)PCDF的環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和痕量分析方法中,氣相色譜中的保留指數(shù)(IR)和相對(duì)保留時(shí)間(TRR)通常被用來檢測(cè)環(huán)境中是否存在PCDF并區(qū)分不同的異構(gòu)體[2-3]. 運(yùn)用量子化學(xué)方法對(duì)分子進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和參數(shù)計(jì)算,建立分子結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與化合物的毒性[4-5]、溶解度[6]、分配系數(shù)[7]等性質(zhì)的定量構(gòu)效關(guān)系(QSPR/QSAR),已取得了滿意的結(jié)果. 由于物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與化合物性質(zhì)不存在線性關(guān)系,運(yùn)用多元線性回歸等分析方法研究性質(zhì)與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系存在一定的局限性. BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過處理若干簡(jiǎn)單非線性神經(jīng)元的復(fù)合映射,可獲得復(fù)雜的非線性處理能力,具有使非線性問題可調(diào)參數(shù)增加,擬合精度提高、結(jié)果更精確的特點(diǎn),在各領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用. 本文作者探討用量子化學(xué)密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法計(jì)算PCDF系列化合物分子的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),運(yùn)用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立PCDF結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和色譜保留指數(shù)的定量構(gòu)效關(guān)系,建立準(zhǔn)確的色譜保留指數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)模型.
先用Hyperchem 4.5軟件中的AM1半經(jīng)驗(yàn)量子化學(xué)方法構(gòu)建并優(yōu)化各個(gè)PCDF化合物分子的初始幾何結(jié)構(gòu),然后用Gaussian 03[8]程序在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上對(duì)各分子的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到穩(wěn)定構(gòu)象,獲得分子的量子化學(xué)參數(shù).
表1 部分樣本的量子化學(xué)參數(shù)Table 1 Structure parameters of partial samples
表2 訓(xùn)練樣本色譜保留指數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)值和預(yù)測(cè)值Table 2 Experimental and predicted chromatographic retention indexes of training samples
將剩余的25組數(shù)據(jù)作為檢驗(yàn)樣本,經(jīng)歸一化后的8個(gè)參數(shù)作為輸入,用上述訓(xùn)練好的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型預(yù)測(cè)PCDF的色譜保留指數(shù),經(jīng)反歸一化處理得到檢測(cè)樣本保留指數(shù)的預(yù)測(cè)值,檢測(cè)樣本的預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值相對(duì)誤差范圍為-1.66%~2.39%,平均相對(duì)誤差為0.31%,可見預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值基本相同(表3).
表3 檢驗(yàn)樣本色譜保留指數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)值和預(yù)測(cè)值Table 3 Experimental and predicted chromatographic retention indexes of examining samples
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