背景大鏈接

Mark Twain in Hannibal

馬克··吐溫在漢尼堡

When he wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn， Mark Twain turned Hannibal， Missouri—which he later described as a “white town bathing in the sunshine of a summer’s morning”—into an American literary Mecca. No other town in the country has stronger associations with an author， and Twain readily acknowledged its role in his success.

The relationship between Hannibal and Twain began in November 1839， when Twain’s father， John Clemens， decided to leave the hamlet of Florida， Missouri， and move east about 35 miles（56km） to the somewhat larger and more prosperous Hannibal， on the banks of the Mississippi River. Twain， then known as Samuel Clemens， marked his fourth birthday about a week after the family settled there. However， he showed little promise of becoming a long-term resident， because his health was so poor that his parents probably feared he would not survive childhood.

During the family’s first few years in Hannibal， Twain was too young to understand fully the changes going on around him. About the time the family moved into their new home， Twain’s health improved dramatically. Instead of having to lead a quiet indoor life， he could roam the streets of Hannibal， climb the surrounding hills， explore the area’s caves and splash about in local swimming holes.

Twain’s carefree days did not last long. His father used their house as collateral for a friend’s loan， and the creditor took possession when the loan failed. A physician who lived diagonally across the street from the family offered to let them live in his home. The Clemens family moved into that house sometime in late 1846. On March 24， 1847， John Clemens died. His wife， Jane Lampton Clemens， and their oldest son， Orion， managed to regain possession of the little house on Hill Street， and the family moved back into it that summer. These events dampened but did not extinguish Twain’s cheerful disposition.

Within a year of his father’s death， he quit school and became an apprentice printer， and when his brother Orion bought the Hannibal Journal in 1851， Twain went to work for him as a printer and editorial assistant. The stories he wrote for Orion’s paper， his first publications， taught him that he much preferred writing to typesetting. Thus， when he decided to leave Hannibal in May 1853， he already had an inkling of his future career.

當(dāng)馬克·吐溫撰寫《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》和《哈克貝里·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》時(shí)，他把密蘇里州的漢尼堡變成了美國(guó)文學(xué)的圣地（后來他描寫它如同一座“沐浴在夏日清晨陽光下的安寧小鎮(zhèn)”）。在這個(gè)國(guó)家沒有哪一座城鎮(zhèn)會(huì)比這里與作家的關(guān)系更緊密的了，而且吐溫樂于承認(rèn)它在他取得成功中的作用。

漢尼堡與吐溫的關(guān)系始于1893年11月，當(dāng)時(shí)吐溫的父親約翰·克萊門斯，決定離開密蘇里州佛羅里達(dá)的小村子，遷往東35英里（56千米）位于密西西比河岸邊那座大點(diǎn)兒的、繁榮些的漢尼堡。當(dāng)一家人在那里定居大約一個(gè)星期后，吐溫（當(dāng)時(shí)叫塞繆爾·克萊門斯）度過了四歲的生日。然而他差點(diǎn)兒沒能成為那里的長(zhǎng)期居民，因?yàn)樗纳眢w很差以至于父母擔(dān)心他可能會(huì)夭折。

在全家人住在漢尼堡的頭幾年里，吐溫因?yàn)樘∵€不能完全理解他周圍發(fā)生的變化。而在全家喬遷新居時(shí)，吐溫的身體戲劇般地好轉(zhuǎn)了。他不再被迫過著肅靜的室內(nèi)生活，而可以在漢尼堡的街道上隨處閑逛，攀爬周圍的小山，探尋那里的洞穴以及在當(dāng)?shù)氐乃独镦覒颉?/p>

吐溫?zé)o憂無慮的日子沒過多久。父親將他們的房子做了抵押，以便向一個(gè)朋友貸款，當(dāng)貸款還不上后這個(gè)債主占了抵押物。一位住在他家斜對(duì)面的醫(yī)生主動(dòng)提出讓他們住在他家。在1846年末的一個(gè)時(shí)候克萊門斯一家搬進(jìn)了那棟房子。1847年3月24日，約翰·克萊門斯去世。其妻簡(jiǎn)·蘭普頓·克萊門斯和長(zhǎng)子奧利翁，設(shè)法重新得到了希爾街那棟小屋的產(chǎn)權(quán)，并在那年夏天舉家搬了回去。這些事雖然很喪氣，但并沒有改變吐溫愉悅的個(gè)性。

父親去世的一年后，他輟了學(xué)并在印刷廠當(dāng)起學(xué)徒，當(dāng)1851年他哥哥奧利翁買下《漢尼堡日?qǐng)?bào)》時(shí)，吐溫去那里給他干活，當(dāng)了一名印刷工兼編輯助理。他為奧利翁的報(bào)紙寫的故事，也是他的處女作，使他明白與排字工作相比自己更喜歡寫作。于是，當(dāng)他在1853年5月決定離開漢尼堡時(shí)，他對(duì)將來的事業(yè)已有了初步的勾畫。

詞匯短語園地

1. pour vi. （雨）傾盆而下；涌流，傾瀉

vt. 傾倒

It’s pouring outside.

外面下著瓢潑大雨。

Although I poured it carefully， I still spilled some.

盡管我小心倒這東西，還是灑了一些。

1） pour...into... 向……投入大量……

The government has poured millions into education system.

政府已經(jīng)投入了數(shù)百萬到教育系統(tǒng)。

2） pour out 傾訴；傾吐

She poured out her troubles over me.

她向我傾訴她的煩惱。

3） pour cold water on... 給……澆冷水

Don’t pour cold water on my new idea.

不要給我的新想法澆冷水。

2. lie vi. 說謊，撒謊；躺，平躺

n. 謊言（可數(shù)）

You could see from her face that she was lying.

從她的表情上你可以看出她在撒謊。

The whole account is nothing but a pack of lies.

整個(gè)敘述只不過是一派胡言。

1） lie to sb 對(duì)某人撒謊

Don’t lie to me.

別對(duì)我撒謊。

2） lie about sth 在某事上撒謊

She lied about her age.

她謊報(bào)自己的年齡。

3） give the lie to... 證明……是虛假的

These new figures give the lie to the thought that employment is going down.

這些新的數(shù)據(jù)表明失業(yè)率在下降的看法是不真實(shí)的。

4） tell （sb） a lie/lies （向某人）說謊

Don’t believe him！ He always tells lies.

別相信他！他經(jīng)常說謊。

5） a white lie 善意的謊言

I don’t think it is wrong to use a white lie to comfort others.

我不認(rèn)為用善意的謊言來安慰他人是有錯(cuò)的。

比較：

3. curious adj. 好奇的

1） be curious about... 對(duì)……感到好奇

They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.

他們對(duì)住在樓上的人感到很好奇。

2） be curious to do... 想做……

I was curious to find out what she had said.

我真想弄清楚她說了些什么。

4. tie vt. （用繩、帶等）綁，系，拴；系，扣

They tied him to a chair with the rope.

他們用繩子把他綁在一把椅子上。

I tied a knot in the rope.

我在繩子上打了個(gè)結(jié)。

1） tie sb down （to sth/to doing sth） 限制/束縛/牽制某人（做某事）

I don’t want to tie myself down to coming back on a particular day.

我不想限制自己在特定的某一天回來。

2） tie in with... 連接在一起，同時(shí)進(jìn)行

The concert will tie in with the festival of dance taking place at the same weekend.

音樂會(huì)將與周末舉行的舞蹈節(jié)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

3） tie up 系好，捆上

He left his dog tied up to a tree.

他把狗拴在了樹上。

5. disturb vt. 打擾；擾亂

I am sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a moment？

對(duì)不起打擾你一下，我能跟你談一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.

別把我書桌上的文件弄亂了。

disturbance n. （受）打擾；騷亂

disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的，令人不安的

6. warn vt. 警告（說）

（1） warn后接從句

She was warned that if she did it again she would lose her job.

她被警告說如果她再這樣做就會(huì)丟掉工作。

（2） warn sb of/about sth 警告或提醒某人某事

I warned you of the risk， didn’t I？

我事先警告過你有危險(xiǎn)，是不是？

A government notice warns the public about the dangers of cigarette smoking.

一個(gè)政府通知警告公眾吸煙的危害。

（3） warn （sb） against doing sth 告誡某人不要做某事

The guidebook warns against walking alone at night.

這本指南告誡我們夜間不要單獨(dú)行走。

（4） warn sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

He warned Billy to keep away from his daughter.

他警告比利離他女兒遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)。

（5） warn后不接特別結(jié)構(gòu)

I tried to warn him， but he wouldn’t listen.

我設(shè)法提醒過他，可他就是不聽。

（6） warn...off...（尤指以威脅的方式）叫……離開……，

告誡……不要靠近……

The farmer warned us off his land when we tried to camp there.

我們想在農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的土地露營(yíng)時(shí)，他警告我們不得靠近那里。

7. force vt. 強(qiáng)迫；迫使

（1） force sb to do sth 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事

She forced herself to be polite to them.

她對(duì)他們強(qiáng)裝客氣。

（2） force sb into sth/into doing sth 強(qiáng)迫或迫使某人做某事

Ill health forced him into early retirement.

他由于健康不佳不得不提前退休。

The president was forced into resigning.

總統(tǒng)被迫辭職。

1） force...back 強(qiáng)忍……（不表露情感）

She swallowed hard and forced back her tears.

她使勁咽了一下口水，強(qiáng)忍住了眼淚。

2） force...on/upon sb 把……強(qiáng)加給某人

They always force their will on me.

他們總是將他們的意愿強(qiáng)加給我。

8. run away（秘密地）逃跑

They ran away together to get married.

他們私奔結(jié)了婚。

Someone has run away with all my jewels.

有人偷了我的珠寶逃跑了。

1） run across 偶然遇見2） run after 追趕

3） run around 東奔西跑4） run down 耗盡能量

5） run into... 撞上

6） run out （of sth） 用完（某物）

9. make up 編造（說法、解釋等）；形成，構(gòu)成；化妝，打扮

Are you telling the truth， or making it up？

你說的是真話還是編故事？

Girls make up 30% of the number of students.

女生占學(xué)生人數(shù)的30%。

She never goes out without making herself up first.

不先化妝她是從不外出的。

1） make up for 補(bǔ)償；賠償

2） make up to 接近；奉承

10. set （a play， novel， etc.） in 設(shè)置（戲劇、小說

等的）背景

This writer set his story in China.

這位作家把故事背景設(shè)定在中國(guó)。

The movie is set in the countryside in the 19th century.

這部電影是以19世紀(jì)的農(nóng)村為背景的。

1） set...aside 把……置于一旁

2） set off 出發(fā)3） set out 出發(fā)

4） set up 建立，創(chuàng)立5） set down 寫下，記下

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀地帶

A

New York State Governor David Paterson described the crash-landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on a freezing river as “a miracle（奇跡）on the Hudson”. The miracle was the survival and safe rescue of all 155 passengers aboard the Airbus A320 that suffered bird hits on both its engines soon after take-off on January 16. The hero in this remarkable escape was the 57-year-old captain， Chesley Sullenberger. The former US Air Force pilot showed extreme skill and presence of mind to control—from an altitude of 900 meters—the plane over the crowds， over the buildings， over the George Washington Bridge， and on to the Hudson River， nose-up and at an angle that gave it the best chance. The pilot walked into the plane twice after the crash to make sure all of the passengers and staff were safe.

“The left engine just blew. Flames were coming out of it and I was looking at it because I was sitting right there. And it just started smelling like gas. Everyone started， to be honest， to say prayers（祈禱文），” a passenger told WNBC.

“We had to give it to the pilot man，” the shaken passenger added， “he did a hard job.”

“There were a couple of people who took charge and started shouting at everyone to calm down.” Alberto Panero told CNN. “Once everyone realized they were going to be OK， they settled down.”

Along the bank of the Hudson， people right there could not believe their eyes： A plane was flying impossibly low yet steady as it could be. It was as if the pilot was approaching a runway， not the icy winter waters of Manhattan’s Hudson River.

Ferry（渡船）passengers who happened to be on the Hudson at the time of the crash jumped into action. “We just started taking people from the wing，” said Janis Krums who was riding on one of the first boats to arrive and save the passengers. “And we just started giving them clothes and keeping them warm. In less than six or seven minutes we just had five or six boats helping.”

1. What can be the best headline of the news？

A. A Jet Crash Called “a Miracle on the Hudson”

B. Heroic Actions Followed a Strange Air Crash

C. Survivors Described a Frightening Experience

D. Air Safety Has Been a Great Concern

2. What can we learn about Chesley Sullenberger from Paragraph 1？

A. He was brave and kind.

B. He was skillful and calm.

C. He was young and strong.

D. He was clever and careful.

3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ___ .

A. the injured planeB. the left engine

C. the situation D. the honor

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the news？

A. The plane landed on the Hudson finally.

B. The passengers were disappointed about the crash.

C. The rescue work turned out to be immediate and successful.

D. Janis Krums was one of the passengers on board the plane.

B

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken， not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome， testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

In the European universities of the Middle Ages， students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates（應(yīng)試者）for the doctor’s degree.

Generally， however， modern examinations are written. The written examination， where all students are tested on the same questions， was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination， timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers， resembles a group of workers at a factory. Certainly， during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called as “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts， not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions， each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

5. Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages ？

A. They were timed by electrical clocks.

B. They specialized in one subject.

C. They usually took spoken tests.

D. They took objective tests.

6. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ___ .

A. the population grows rapidly

B. exams are now written and timed

C. workers now take examinations

D. there are mostly written exams today

7. During which test must students select answers？

A. Objective test.B. Personal test.

C. Spoken test.D. Written test.

8. Modern industry must have developed ___ .

A. in Greece or Rome B. around the 19th century

C. before the Middle AgesD. machines to take tests

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. A ____ essay presents a person’s most noteworthy characteristics and achievements.

2. The whole thing was so ____ that I couldn’t help being amused.

3. Instead of becoming a doctor， George became a successful writer of ____ stories.

4. The ____ has been in prison for five years for his crime.

5. Are you alone or with a ____ when you are walking on your way home？

6. What terrible weather！ It was ____ all the day yesterday.

7. Everything may tell you lies， but mirrors don’t ____ .

8. I was really ____ to hear what he would say.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. The man had fallen asleep where he was laying without undressing.___

2. It’s bad to point to your parents and say rude words.___

3. Because of missing the last bus， it looks even if we’ll have to walk.___

4. The new building is 100 meters on height.___

單句翻譯

1. 使我感到吃驚的是， 你還沒有受夠他。

2. 兩母女非常害怕地注視著大雨順著窗戶往下流。

3. 在今天遲到的原因上，這個(gè)小男孩撒了個(gè)謊。

4. 囚犯是如何把守衛(wèi)們捆住然后從監(jiān)獄逃跑的，這還是一個(gè)未解之謎。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. I used to lie ___ my misfortunate past， but I don’t do that any more now.

A. ofB. about

C. inD. for

2. I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before， and then it suddenly ___ me.

A. beatB. caused

C. hitD. tied

3. When I was still a baby， I became curious ___ everything new around me.

A. atB. in

C. about D. of

4. ___ not to be late for the meeting， we arrived thirteen minutes ___ the required time， but when we arrived we were informed the meeting had been called off.

A. In order； ahead ofB. So as； ahead of

C. In order； in advanceD. So as； in advance of

5. — What’s the event like？

— The ___ of three persons who saw what happened in

the event differed from the official version of it.

A. explanationsB. accounts

C. suggestionsD. opinions

6. Tina trusts you， so only you can ___ her to give up the foolish idea.

A. persuadeB. advise

C. suggestD. attract

7. The students attending this class was ___ about 10-year-old children.

A. made ofB. made from

C. made inD. made up of

8. — My son has got a gold medal in the World Olympic

Math Competition.

— What a ___ boy！ Congratulations！

A. promisingB. curious

C. interestingD. helpful

閱讀表達(dá)

One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch the suspected police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to 30，000 prize money.

Vicki Brown， 30， played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki became suspicious of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with few things and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said， “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact.” Vicki， the only employee on duty， called her bosses Margaret， 64， and husband Stan McKale， 65， who phoned the police at 11 pm.

Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston， Gateshead， at about 11：30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes.

“It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said， ‘Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside？’ My heart missed a beat.”

Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and stairways to the top floor room and handed over the key.

“I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel， so I went to watch. I could not see into the man’s room， but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted at him to lie down while he was handcuffed（帶上手銬）.”

1. Why was Vicki Brown thanked with flowers by the police？ （within 10 words）

2. Why did Vicki become suspicious of David Bieber？ （within 5 words）

3. How did vicki keep in touch with the police？ （within 2 words）

4. How did Vicki feel when the police arrived？ （within 3 words）

5. Where was David Bieber most probably handcuffed？ （within 7 words）

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

閱讀地帶

A

Research by Scotland Yard published in a London newspaper， has reported that knife crime in London is a serious non-white phenomenon（現(xiàn)象）， with 165 of the 225 under-18s accused of（被控犯有……罪）knife crime in the past three months being from the black or other non-white groups.

According to Scotland Yard， only 60 of the 225 crimes were white. Despite being a small minority of the knife holding criminals， whites did， however， make up the single largest group of victims of knife crime.

According to the Scotland Yard report， whites made up 222 of the 637 victims of knife crime over the last three months. This number could probably be higher， as 292 victims were not identified by race（種族）.

This month Scotland Yard Deputy Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson suggested knife crime has replaced drug selling as the top concern for London police.

Sir Paul said so as he announced a specialist knife crime unit to deal with teenagers carrying knives in the capital. It will use a team of 75 specialist officers to find criminal group members and their supporters.

Detective Inspector， George Rhoden， president of the National Organisation of Black Law Enforcement Executives said， “In the black community we have all noticed that there is major concern about gun-and-knife crime. Clearly we are not the only part of the community affected by the problem of children who have no fathers， but parental responsibility should be of major concern.”

Around 59 percent of black Caribbean children and 54 percent of mixed-race youngsters are looked after by a single parent. In the white British population， the number is 22 percent.

1. What does the research by Scotland Yard show talking about knife crime in London？

A. More blacks suffer.

B. The most crimes are white.

C. The victims tend to be the white.

D. Non-white groups take up the largest number of victims.

2. From Sir Paul Stephenson’s words we can infer that in London ___ .

A. knife crime catches no attention

B. knife crime has long been greatest trouble

C. drug selling used to be the most serious problem

D. police saw no knife holding criminals in the past

3. What measure has the government taken to deal with the problem of knife crime？

A. Punishing the parents.

B. Forming a specialist knife crime unit.

C. Arresting the teenagers carrying knives.

D. Educating the teenagers carrying knives.

4. What causes the young men to turn to crime according to George Rhoden？

A. Their parents being too busy to care for them.

B. The influence by their fathers.

C. Being poorly educated.

D. Having a single parent.

B

Anyone who reads a book and then goes to see a movie based on that book generally leaves the movie feeling a little disappointed. Why might this be？ Both books and movies serve the purpose of entertainment. Both books and movies offer characters and plots. And， both books and movies provide a setting for a story. Books， however， offer a more attractive and complex form of entertainment than movies.

Although movies are entertaining to watch， books have advantages over them. First， books， in comparison with movies， can more easily catch hold of the depths of characters and create a complex setting through the use of rich description. Books leave it up to the reader to interpret， imagine， and recreate the story in his or her own mind. However， movies are action packed and provide lots of visual stimuli（視覺刺激）； still， it is the movie not the viewer that interprets the characters， plot and setting. Second， books are not limited to time. A writer can write as much or as little as necessary in order to create and tell a story. Movies， on the other hand， are limited to an hour and a half to two hours of entertaining time before the audience begins to get restless. Last， reading is an intellectual form of entertainment. Readers can improve their level of reading and vocabulary in a harmless， healthy， and pleasurable way. Movies， on the other hand， are not as complex and entertaining as books， and they leave nothing to interpret. Therefore， the advantages and entertainment value of books outweigh those of movies.

To conclude， books， through interpretation， help the reader develop a sense of relationship to the characters and the story itself， but movies entertain strictly. Books are a better form of entertainment than movies.

5. What is the author’s idea about books and movies？

A. Movies often make people disappointed.

B. Both books and movies entertain strictly.

C. Books have many advantages over movies.

D. More and more people prefer books to movies.

6. The underlined word “intellectual” in Paragraph 2 may relate to ___ .

A. trainingB. learning

C. translating D. memory

7. We can learn from the text that ___.

A. movies are usually time limited

B. books provide more visual stimuli

C. books leave readers nothing to interpret

D. movies can easily catch the depths of characters

8. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？

A. Movies： Easy Form of Entertainment

B. Books： Better Form of Entertainment

C. Why Are We Disappointed at Movies

D. How to Produce Movies Based on Books

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. Perhaps time would ____ everything after we had been through a very bad period.

2. I ____ when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.

3. Shall I ____ all these things together with the rope？

4. David was very handsome， except for the shadow of a very dark ____ .

5. Something happened one day， which was as unexpected as it was ____ and horrible.

6. Elephants do not worry about things ____ up their noses.

5PWEz/3XnV/kGk9UIL3ztoIhOU/XoZoFESlfZ3ZHZdA=7. I was ____ out of my mind when the respectable old man was found to be a murderer.

8. I’m sorry， but can I ____ you for a moment？

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. I’m afraid we’ll be late， so I suggest take a bus at once.

___

2. At the firstL6PJpl+HfPOnv1rX8nt/uh6PaeJcuuB8rVE2kzAXHzs= I thought he was shy， but then I discovered I was wrong.___

3. Please ask the neighbor when to stop make noises.___

4. Listen！ Can you hear someone shouted？___

單句翻譯

1. 我們相信他與這件事無關(guān)，是你在這件事上編故事。

2. 對(duì)我來說，你感興趣的這本書聽起來好像是有趣的東西。

3. 嘗試多次后，最終我說服他聽從我的意見。

4. 愚人節(jié)充滿著開玩笑的游戲，在那天很多孩子喜歡對(duì)別人惡作劇。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. At the sight of the ___ snake in front of the young girl， there appeared a ___ look on her face.

A terrified； terrifiedB terrifying； terrified

C terrified； terrifyingD terrifying； terrifying

2. Don’t ___ any letter in a word， or it will be a wrong word.

A. find outB. look out

C. give outD. leave out

3. The room was in such a mess that it looked ___ it had been broken into by someone.

A. even thoughB. as for

C. even ifD. as if

4. When knowing the truth they all looked ___ at the man and felt quite ___ .

A. angry； angrilyB. angrily； angrily

C. angry； angryD. angrily； angry

5. According to what his mother said， he died ___ the car accident last year.

A. outB. off

C. fromD. for

6. After running for the bus， Bill ___ and felt tired.

A. got his breathB. was out of breath

C. held his breathD. caught his breath

7. A car ___ at the gate and three men got out of it.

A. drew outB. drew back

C. drew upD. drew off

8. Look！ The sun was shining brightly outside， ___ every-thing ___ beautiful and lovely.

A. making； lookB. to make； look

C. making； looked D. to make； looking

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀地帶

A

Millions of women use cosmetics， often called “make-up”. The cosmetics industry is one of the biggest in the world. Most large stores sell cosmetics， and there are always shops at airports selling them cheaply. The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better. Lipstick， face powder and cream， and eye make-up are the most popular. Although more women than men use cosmetics， there are cosmetics for men as well as women.

Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different. They have the shape of their noses and eyes changed.

The most widely used cosmetic is probably lipstick， as many women who do not wear any other make-up will often put on a little lipstick.

Lipstick is made by mixing together different oils and colors. This mixture is then allowed to get hard and is cut into the shape of a small pencil. When a woman presses the lipstick to her lips， the end of it becomes soft， and some of it sticks to her lips， giving them extra color.

Cosmetics were probably first used in India， but it was the Egyptians， six thousand years ago， who made the most use of them. Rich Egyptian women painted their eyes green and black. They used a red color to paint pretty designs on their fingernails， the palms of their hands and the soles（腳掌）of their feet. Pictures of Cleopatra always show her wearing a lot of make-up.

The Romans also used cosmetics. They liked to make their skin very white and to paint their eyes. They also used a kind of lipstick.

In England at one time， very rich women had baths in milk to make their skin beautiful. They also used a lot of sweet-smelling powder to stop people smelling their bodies， which were often very dirty because they did not wash very often or change their clothes.

At one time， some cosmetics were not safe. They were bad for the skin， and some of the lipsticks and powders that people used were even poisonous. Nowadays， people in the cosmetics industry take great care to make sure that everything they use is completely safe.

1. Why do people use cosmetics？

A. To feel happier.

B. To have a better look.

C. To improve the health.

D. To appear different from others.

2. What kind of cosmetics is probably used most widely？

A. Cream.B. Face powder.

C. Lipstick.D. Eye make-up.

3. Who used to use many cosmetics in the daily life？

A. Indian women.B. Egyptian women.

C. Roman women.D. English women.

4. What can we say about cosmetics industry？

A. It is the oldest.

B. It develops very fast.

C. It is the biggest worldwide.

D. It should be very responsible to customers.

B

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is decided in advance. He knows what he wants， and his objective is to find it and buy it； the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock （有現(xiàn)貨的）， the salesman immediately introduces it， and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well， the deal can be and is often completed in less than five minutes， with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.

For a man， slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants， or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman， as the name implies， tries to sell the customer something else， he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute（替代品）impolitely； he does so with skill， “I know this jacket is not the style you want， sir， but would you like to try it for size？ It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment， and the usual response is， “This is the right color and may be the right size， but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes？ In almost every way she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants， and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion； in fact she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her， even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Opposite to a lot of jokes， most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses， a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiring process， but obviously an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

5. The passage mainly talks about ___ .

A. differences between men and women shoppers

B. why women are better at shopping than men

C. how women go about buying clothes

D. why a man goes shopping

6. The underlined sentence “the price is a secondary consider-ation” in Paragraph 1 suggests when a man is shopping ___ .

A. he choose the cheap ones

B. he buys whatever he likes

C. he often buys and then regrets

D. he does not mind the price for the right things

7. What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants？

A. He usually does not buy anything.

B. He buys so long as the style is right.

C. He buys a similar thing because of the color he wants.

D. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.

8. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers？

A. Men go shopping based on need， but women never.

B. Women bargain for their clothes， but men do not.

C. Men do not try clothes on while women do.

D. The time they take over buying clothes.

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. He gave the police a full ____ of the car accident.

2. In the heavy rain， I took ____ under a tree， waiting for someone to give me a hand.

3. The natives make excellent boats from tree ____ .

4. The actor likes working on ____ because he loves to make people laugh.

5. A ____ story is one about love or adventure.

6. Their ____ world has been replaced by a fantastic real one in the end.

7. I have read the ____ of his latest novel.

8. In addition to the impressiveness of the ____ ， there is a use of the camera which at times seems magical.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. The twin sisters always enjoy go to the concerts in which their favorite stars perform.___

2. According to what you explained to me， I don’t think you did much more worse than he did.___

3. I haven’t seen your son and daughter for age since I moved abroad with my children many years ago.___

4. Nobody knows when the next war will take the place？___

單句翻譯

1. 由于最近父親過世，他感到很累，沒有心情去做其他任何事。

2. 這部以歐洲中世紀(jì)為背景的電影值得看第二次。

3. 當(dāng)我們沿著街道走時(shí)，看到了很多有趣的商店。

4. 我想去看部電影，但不知道電影院現(xiàn)在上映什么新片。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. ___ my surprise， when the teacher saw my work， she said “well done” ___ surprise.

A. To； atB. To； in

C. In； atD. In； in

2. — Did you enjoy the book？

— Sure， it is ___ a beautiful town with a variety of cultures.

A. set inB. put on

C. set offD. taken on

3. — Hello！ This is Marce. I want to speak to Ling， please.

— ___ . She is upstairs and I ask her to answer it.

A. Hurry upB. Get a move on

C. Hang on a minuteD. Hold your attention

4. Look at these dark clouds in the sky. It looks ___ .

A. as if it rainsB. like raining

C. like rainD. like to rain

5. — Why do you look so unhappy？

— What my son did at home greatly ___ me.

A. damaged B. pleased

C. destroyed D. annoyed

6. Mini， hurry up. There’s little time left and I’m afraid you won’t have enough time to ___ before the wedding party.

A. get changingB. get changed

C. get to changeD. get change

7. Having a lot of work to do， she was not ___ a romantic walk in the woods.

A. in mood forB. in the mood for

C. in mood ofD. in the mood of

8. ___ ， I haven’t enough time； secondly， I haven’t enough energy.

A. To start withB. Start with

C. Starting withD. Started with

閱讀表達(dá)

Some people are lucky enough to be born with a good sense of direction and even if they have only visited a place once， they will be able to find it again years later.

I am one of those unfortunate people who have a poor sense of direction and I may have visited a place time after time but I still get lost on my way there. When I was young I was so shy that I never dared（敢于）ask complete strangers the way so I used to wander round（轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去）in circles and hope that by some chance I would get to the spot I was heading for.

I am no longer too shy to ask people for direction， but I often receive replies that puzzle（使困惑）me. If anyone ever asks me the way to someplace， I always tell them I am a stranger to the town in order to avoid giving them wrong directions but even this can have embarrassing results.

Once I was on my way to work when I was stopped by a man who asked me if I would direct him the way to the Sunlight Building. I gave my usual reply， but I had not walked on a few steps when I realized that he had asked for directions of my office building. However， at this point， I decided it was too late to turn back and search for him out of the crowd behind me as I was going to meet with someone at the office and I did not want to keep him waiting.

Imagine my embarrassment when my secretary showed in the very man who had asked for directions of my office and his astonishment when he recognized me as the person he had asked.

1. Why did the writer consider himself to be an “unlucky dog”？ （within 8 words）

2. What will the writer do when someone asks him for direction？ （within 10 words）

3. Where was the writer when he was stopped by the visitor？ （within 5 words）

4. How did the visitor feel when he was showed into the very room？ （within 3 words）

5. Who showed the right way to the interviewee？ （within 4 words）

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀地帶

A

Do you want to see the effects of global warming？ Then head north. Recent studies indicate that the North Pole， instead of coated in thick sea ice， could be underwater during the summer in less than 10 years. But seeing the Arctic terrain（地帶）up close isn’t easy， unless you’re handy with a dogsled（狗拖的雪橇）. Steger is going to take all of us there.

Steger， 64， is a great polar explorer. He was the first person to make a dogsled trip to the North Pole， and is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming.

Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1，400-mile， 60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island， in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. “We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming，” says Steger. The team will be uploading videos， stories and photos to the website globalwarming101.com as they march along， allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day.

Steger’s team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson， 22-year-old， is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year， Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race.

What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn’t know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic. “Within ten years or less， it’s going to be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team， without flotation（漂浮），” says Steger.

1. What can we learn about climate change from Paragraph 1？

A. It is the result of pollution.

B. It happens only in the far north.

C. The effects of it are obvious in the Arctic terrain.

D. It is going to be the biggest problem for mankind.

2. It can be inferred that the aim of the dogsled trip is to ___ .

A. encourage young people to explore the Arctic

B. present the Arctic terrain to geography classes

C. study the cause of climate change in polar regions

D. raise realization of the damage that climate change is causing in polar regions

3. Which of the following statements about Steger’s team is true？

A. Steger， the leader， is an environmental expert.

B. All the members are experienced Arctic explorers.

C. Sam Branson is skilled at travelling in the Arctic.

D. Ekran is the second woman to have reached the North Pole.

4. Why doesn’t Steger know what they will see during their trip？

A. The geography there has changed， due to warmer temperatures.

B. It will be the first time for him to go that far north.

C. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen.

D. They will go there by boat instead of by sled.

B

When families gather for Christmas dinner， some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver， and the dress code will be Sunday-best.

But in many other homes， this china-and-silver custom has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless（不銹的）informality， with dresses appearing an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests， the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain， it means economic hard times.

Last week Royal Doulton， the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent， announced that it is cutting down 1，000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brought to more than 4，000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery（陶瓷）region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing， the layoffs（臨時(shí)解雇）in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social changes. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often， he explained， and more people eat alone， either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

Even dinner parties， if they happen at all， have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules， busy hosts insist， rightly， that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often， the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-designed tablecloth？ Forget it. Shine the silver？ Who has time？

Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of table manners that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grand-parents （“Chew with your mouth closed”， “Keep your elbows off the table.”） must be picked up elsewhere.

5. In Britain， the formal traditions at family dinner ___ .

A. show people’s respect for the older generations

B. are mainly preferred in families of the upper class

C. have a long history and are valued by some people

D. will be deserted with the development of economy

6. Royal Doulton in Paragraph 3 is probably ___ .

A. the manager of a fine china factory

B. a company that produces fine china

C. a large region in Britain famous for producing china

D. an organization that determines the use of workforce

7. What is the main reason for less formality at dinner party？

A. Busy schedules don’t allow for formality.

B. Hosts care less about their social behaviors.

C. Being formal has been out of date at present.

D. Hosts are getting tired of frequent family dinner.

8. From the last paragraph， we can learn that informality ___ .

A. should be picked up elsewhere

B. has resulted in the great loss in British economy

C. has reduced parents’ influence on children’s behaviors

D. helps table manners become more important than before

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. He ____ his father very much in all his ways of action.

2. The difference between the two artists’ ____ methods is enormous.

3. Each students must answer all the questions during the examination without ____ .

4. I have ____ him that it is not allowed to enter the building because the construction of that hasn’t been finished yet.

5. He is a very ____ woman who always gets what she wants.

6. The boy won’t do his homework if you don’t ____ him to.

7. This great battle was ____ recorded in the documentary film.

8. Having been ____ for over ten years， our company becomes one of normalization and specialization.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. Of the two girls who are both working hard in the library， which one do you like best？___

2. Though he isn’t a soldier， he works as a soldier.___

3. He said he waited long since he made up his mind to achieve this final goal.___

4. Almost everyone dreams that he/she can get richness in a short time.___

單句翻譯

1. 越來越多的村民動(dòng)身離開村莊去城里，決定去那里發(fā)財(cái)。

2. 湯姆經(jīng)常捉弄同學(xué)。最后他弄得聲名狼藉，沒人愿意和他待在一起。

3. 我們都警告他可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)，不要強(qiáng)迫那只大狗做它不想做的事。

4. 我們匆忙趕到教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒沒人，但誰也不知道究竟發(fā)生了什么事。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. In this company， I think everyone should know he/she must follow the order of the boss and you， our manager， has no ___ .

A. experienceB. expression

C. exceptionD. expectation

2. If you have more time to stay with her， you can know clearly that she ___ her twin sister in appearance but not in character.

A. looksB. seems

C. resemblesD. equals

3. The development of the Internet has ___ many more new ways for people to entertain themselves during weekends.

A. builtB. made

C. createdD. invented

4. Afraid of being punished by his English teacher， the boy ___ an excuse for arriving ___ the classroom late.

A. gave up； atB. took up； in

C. made up； atD. picked up； in

5. The robber ___ an old woman to hand over her money， but the woman refused to do that at once.

A. hadB. forced

C. madeD. advised

6. As soon as Lily came to the office， she ___ cleaning the floor.

A. set offB. set down

C. set upD. set about

7. It’s not good to leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.

A. runningB. run

C. being runningD. to run

8. — ___ ！ It’s already 3 o’clock. The class is going to

begin at 3：15！

— I have tried my best to run.

A. Go awayB. Get a move on

C. Go backD. Go off