高 青 (河南省平頂山市第二人民醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,河南 平頂山467000)
·臨床與轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)·
鼻竇手術(shù)同期行鼻中隔矯正術(shù)治療的臨床療效觀察及探討
高 青 (河南省平頂山市第二人民醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,河南 平頂山467000)
目的:對慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲患者實(shí)施鼻竇手術(shù)并行同期鼻中隔矯正術(shù)的療效探討.方法:抽取 2012-12/2014-02來我院就診的慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的患者共80例,經(jīng)鼻內(nèi)鏡和鼻竇 CT檢查診斷明確,患者均行鼻竇手術(shù)加鼻中隔矯正術(shù),并隨訪2年,觀察手術(shù)效果及有無并發(fā)癥.結(jié)果:2年內(nèi)隨訪,患者的總有效率達(dá)到97.5%,其中治愈68例(85.00%),有效 10例(12.50%),另有 2例無效(2.50%);患者鼻中隔偏曲均得到矯正,出現(xiàn)5例鼻腔粘連病例,無鼻中隔膿腫、血腫等并發(fā)癥.結(jié)論:治療慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲,同時(shí)行鼻竇手術(shù)加鼻中隔矯正術(shù)效果理想,無明顯并發(fā)癥,縮短了患者住院時(shí)間,并減輕了經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),是一種有效的治療方法.
鼻竇手術(shù);鼻中隔偏曲矯正術(shù);治療效果
慢性鼻竇炎是耳鼻喉科極為常見的疾病,常常合并鼻中隔偏曲,兩者密切相關(guān),鼻中隔偏曲是該病重要誘發(fā)因素之一[1-2].對慢性鼻竇炎的治療要做到徹底治愈,鼻中隔偏曲的矯正必不可少.傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方式一般采取分次治療,近幾年很多學(xué)者研究認(rèn)為開展鼻竇手術(shù)的同時(shí)行鼻中隔偏曲矯正,有益于手術(shù)操作所需的鼻腔解剖結(jié)構(gòu)正?;?,臨床療效更理想.現(xiàn)將我院所做同期手術(shù)80例治療詳情報(bào)道如下.
1.1 一般資料 抽取 2012-12/2014-02來我院就診的慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的患者共80例,經(jīng)鼻內(nèi)鏡和鼻竇 CT檢查診斷明確.其中 55例男性,25例女性,年齡24~66(平均45.86±9.57)歲;病程1~12年,平均(16.56±7.48)個(gè)月.高位鼻中隔偏曲25例,s形鼻中隔偏曲 30例,c形鼻中隔偏曲 25例;慢性鼻竇炎I型50例,Ⅱ型20例,Ⅲ型10例;臨床出現(xiàn)鼻阻塞癥狀的患者71例,粘膿涕癥狀78例.
1.2 手術(shù)方法 患者行全麻,取仰臥位,方便手術(shù)過程于鼻內(nèi)鏡攝像系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視下進(jìn)行.手術(shù)的切口及操作依據(jù)患者的偏曲部位而有所不同,鼻中隔單個(gè)棘突或者嵴狀突起,操作時(shí)需在突起之處前行粘軟骨膜和粘骨膜下切口;患者若C型或S型鼻中隔偏曲,則于鼻中隔左側(cè)的皮膚粘膜移行處外側(cè)約 2.0~3.0 mm處切開,深達(dá)軟骨或骨面,緊貼鼻中隔軟骨或骨,于軟骨膜及骨膜下方,用中隔剝離子游離偏曲周圍的粘軟骨膜和粘骨膜,然后將軟骨切開,剝離對側(cè)粘軟骨膜和粘骨膜,切除偏曲部位的軟骨或者骨性部分.修復(fù)完鼻中隔后行鼻竇手術(shù),根據(jù)病變程度不同進(jìn)行鉤突切除,逐一將上頜竇、篩竇、額竇及蝶竇開放;患者有下鼻甲肥大可進(jìn)行黏膜下部分切除.術(shù)后 48 h內(nèi)應(yīng)使用膨脹海綿和(或)凡士林砂條分別填塞患者的雙側(cè)鼻腔,并應(yīng)用抗生素藥物防止感染;1周后在鼻內(nèi)鏡下清理鼻腔、去除干痂等,防止術(shù)區(qū)出現(xiàn)粘連并保持開放和通暢;術(shù)后第 1個(gè)月每周清理2次術(shù)腔,以后2周清理一次術(shù)腔直至愈合.
患者的鼻中隔偏曲均取得了滿意的矯正效果,未出現(xiàn)鼻中隔穿孔病例.2年內(nèi)隨訪,慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲患者共80例,其中治愈68例(85.00%),有效10例(12.50%),另有2例無效(2.50%),總有效率(治愈68例+有效10例)達(dá)到97.36%.6例患者出現(xiàn)術(shù)后并發(fā)鼻腔粘連,其中4例粘連位置在中鼻甲和鼻腔外側(cè)壁,2例位于鼻中隔,未出現(xiàn)鼻中隔膿腫、血腫、穿孔和鼻梁塌陷等并發(fā)癥.
鼻中隔偏曲的定義是指鼻中隔的上下或前后徑偏離矢狀面,向一側(cè)或兩側(cè)偏曲,或者局部形成突起引起鼻腔功能障礙者.鼻中隔偏曲的存在會(huì)導(dǎo)致鼻腔、鼻竇生理功能障礙,易出現(xiàn)鼻塞、鼻出血、頭痛等癥狀,長期危害較大,本病不難診斷,一般通過鼻內(nèi)鏡檢查即可確診,只能通過手術(shù)矯正來治療[3-4].慢性鼻竇炎是一種常累及多個(gè)鼻竇的慢性化膿性炎癥,多由急性鼻竇炎治療不徹底引起,可加重呼吸道疾病或誘發(fā)其它重要器官并發(fā)癥,嚴(yán)重影響患者的健康和生活質(zhì)量,多數(shù)患者通過手術(shù)治療配合藥物可以治愈,但有少部分患者可能會(huì)反復(fù)發(fā)作.
慢性鼻竇炎存在鼻中隔偏曲的情況下,易導(dǎo)致鼻竇引流不通暢,加重鼻竇炎癥狀,藥物治療周期長,療效欠佳,需要通過手術(shù)治療.現(xiàn)階段在手術(shù)選擇上更偏重于在鼻竇手術(shù)的同時(shí)行鼻腔合并癥的治療,對患者鼻腔的通氣功能及鼻道、嗅裂和竇口的通暢均有不同程度的改善,同時(shí)可提高鼻竇炎的治愈率,降低部分常見并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的概率.經(jīng)典的鼻中隔偏曲矯正術(shù),存在一定的局限性和盲目性,偏曲部位難以完全矯正,鼻中隔粘膜很容易受到損傷,操作時(shí)甚至有可能因顧忌鼻中隔穿孔而中斷手術(shù)[5].鼻中隔偏曲會(huì)導(dǎo)致鼻腔狹窄,手術(shù)時(shí)會(huì)損傷鼻腔黏膜,術(shù)后常導(dǎo)致鼻中隔和中鼻甲、下鼻甲之間的粘連,影響術(shù)區(qū)切口的愈合進(jìn)而降低治愈率.慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲時(shí),先行鼻中隔矯正術(shù)可以增寬術(shù)腔視野,對術(shù)后鼻腔粘連的降低和后期鼻腔的清理很有效,并可使竇腔引流通暢,減少鼻腔黏膜在換藥時(shí)損傷.為鞏固手術(shù)療效,減少和預(yù)防術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,患者還需遵醫(yī)囑合理用藥,保證定期隨訪并行鼻內(nèi)窺鏡檢查、鼻腔換藥.本次選取的慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的患者共80例,患者的總有效率達(dá)到97.5%,鼻中隔偏曲均得到有效矯正,慢性鼻竇炎癥狀明顯改善,均擺脫了藥物治療.
綜上所述,與傳統(tǒng)的分次手術(shù)相比,鼻竇手術(shù)同時(shí)行鼻中隔矯正術(shù)對于慢性鼻竇炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的治療效果確切,有效縮短住院天數(shù)及減輕患者痛苦,降低了鼻腔粘連及鼻中隔穿孔等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,同時(shí)提高了手術(shù)治愈率,已經(jīng)在臨床上得到了廣泛的推廣和使用.
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Clinical observation and analysis on therapeutic effect of sinus surgery combined with submucous resection of nasal septum
GAO Qing
Department of Otolaryngology,Second People's Hospital,Pingdingshan 467000,China
AIM:To investigate the curative effect of sinus surgery combined with submucous resection of nasal septum in patients with sinusitis and nasal septum deviation.METHODS:80 cases of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal septum deviation,admitted to our hospital from December 2012 to February 2014,diagnosed as sinusitis and nasal septum deviation for sure after nasal endoscopy and sinus CT examination,were treated with sinus operation and correction of nasal septum at the same time,and were followed up for 2 years,to observe the effect of the operation and appearance of complications.RESULTS:According to the results of 2-year follow-up study,the total effective rate of all patients reached 97.50%,of which 68 cases were cured (85.00%),effective in 10 cases(12.50%),and 2 patients inactive(2.50%).Patients with nasal septum deviation were corrected;5 cases presented nasal adhesion of nasal septal abscess.No complications,such as hematoma,happened.CONCLUSION:The curative effect of sinus surgery combined with submucous resection of nasal septum in patients with sinusitis and nasal septum deviation is ideal,showing no obvious complications,shortening the duration of hospitalization and reducing the economic burden.It is proved to be an effective therapeutic method.
sinus surgery;submucous resection of nasal septum;therapeutic effect
2095-6894(2014)05-014-02
2014-08-14;接受日期:2014-08-24
高 青.副主任醫(yī)師.Tel:0375-4975057 E-mail:45914753 @qq.com
R765
A