李艷琦,張同存,孫雪光,廖興華,王 楠,羅學(xué)剛
(天津科技大學(xué)生物工程學(xué)院,天津 300457)
過(guò)表達(dá)maspin對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
李艷琦,張同存,孫雪光,廖興華,王 楠,羅學(xué)剛
(天津科技大學(xué)生物工程學(xué)院,天津 300457)
通過(guò)構(gòu)建maspin表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,在人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)maspin,研究maspin對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖率及凋亡率的影響.MTT檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,過(guò)表達(dá)maspin能夠劑量依賴(lài)性抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖率.采用TUNEL法和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)maspin對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,結(jié)果表明過(guò)表達(dá)maspin可促進(jìn)MCF-7細(xì)胞凋亡進(jìn)而抑制其增殖.
乳腺癌;MCF-7細(xì)胞;maspin;凋亡
乳腺癌是具有高發(fā)率和死亡率的惡性腫瘤之一[1].乳腺癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展是多基因突變的結(jié)果,這包括原癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活[2].maspin是一種新型的非經(jīng)典絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑,作為一個(gè)腫瘤抑制基因,它能在體內(nèi)抑制腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)和遷移[3–4].maspin已經(jīng)被證明能夠抑制細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)性、侵襲和遷移[5–6].然而,maspin對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響還沒(méi)有被研究清楚.本文構(gòu)建了maspin的表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,探索過(guò)表達(dá)maspin對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響,這將為maspin在乳腺癌治療方面的應(yīng)用提供理論基礎(chǔ).
1.1 主要試劑
DMEM低糖培養(yǎng)基,Gibico公司;胎牛血清,天津康源生物技術(shù)有限公司;空載質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1,本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保藏;Fast Pfu DNA聚合酶、質(zhì)粒抽提試劑盒,北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司;KpnⅠ限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶、XhoⅠ限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶、T4 DNA連接酶、DeadEndTM熒光測(cè)定TUNEL系統(tǒng),Promega生物技術(shù)有限公司;M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶、Turbo轉(zhuǎn)染試劑、Trizol裂解液,上海英駿生物技術(shù)有限公司;膠回收試劑盒、DM2000 Plus DNA Marker,北京康為世紀(jì)生物科技有限公司;maspin一抗,Abcam公司;MTT,北京索萊寶科技有限公司;Annexin V細(xì)胞凋亡檢測(cè)試劑盒,天津三箭生物技術(shù)有限公司.
1.2 細(xì)胞株和細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7細(xì)胞為本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保藏.在含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%滅活胎牛血清的DMEM低糖
培養(yǎng)液中,于37,℃、CO2體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%條件下培養(yǎng).用體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.25%的胰酶進(jìn)行消化傳代.
1.3 質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建
收集培養(yǎng)的人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7細(xì)胞,提取總RNA后按M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶說(shuō)明書(shū)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA.以此cDNA為模板,以NCBI上提供的maspin mRNA序列(NM_002639.4)設(shè)計(jì)包含maspin基因全長(zhǎng)和Kpn/ⅠXhoⅠ雙酶位點(diǎn)的引物,上游引物5′-CAGGGGTACCATGGATGCCCT-3′,下游引物5′-GCCACTCGAGTTAAGGAGAACAGAATT-3′,PCR擴(kuò)增出產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度為1,148,bp的maspin基因.
將目的基因正向插入到pcDNA3.1載體的KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ克隆位點(diǎn),構(gòu)建表達(dá)質(zhì)粒maspin/pcDNA3.1,并經(jīng)內(nèi)切酶和測(cè)序證實(shí).
1.4 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染和RT-PCR檢測(cè)maspin mRNA水平的表達(dá)
用TurbofectTM細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染試劑將4,μg表達(dá)質(zhì)粒maspin/pcDNA3.1按質(zhì)粒與轉(zhuǎn)染試劑(μg∶μL)1∶2的比例轉(zhuǎn)染到MCF-7細(xì)胞中.對(duì)照組為未處理組和轉(zhuǎn)染空白質(zhì)粒組.將細(xì)胞以2×105個(gè)/孔接種于6孔板中培養(yǎng)12,h后,將質(zhì)粒–脂質(zhì)體復(fù)合物轉(zhuǎn)染至細(xì)胞中,在無(wú)血清的培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)6,h后換新鮮含血清培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)18,h.而后分別收集正常培養(yǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)染空質(zhì)粒和轉(zhuǎn)染表達(dá)質(zhì)粒細(xì)胞,提取總RNA后逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA.以此為模板進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng).maspin上游引物5′-AGTGGGTGCTAAAGGTGA-3′,下游引物5′-GAGCCGCTTGATTAGTTT-3′,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物大小148,bp.內(nèi)參GAPDH由英駿生物技術(shù)有限公司合成,上游引物5′-ATTCAACGGCACAGTCAAGG-3′,下游引物5′-GCAGAAGGGGCGGAGATGA-3′,產(chǎn)物大小213,bp,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,EB染色.用BioRad圖像分析儀成像并進(jìn)行半定量分析,以測(cè)定目的基因的表達(dá)水平.
1.5 Western blot檢測(cè)maspin蛋白水平的表達(dá)
分別收集正常培養(yǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)染空質(zhì)粒和表達(dá)質(zhì)粒48,h后細(xì)胞提取總蛋白,通過(guò)聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白樣本.將蛋白樣本轉(zhuǎn)移至NC膜上.牛奶封閉液37,℃封閉NC膜1,h,maspin一抗(兔抗,1∶1,000)4,℃孵育過(guò)夜.棄一抗,用PBS洗膜3次,加入紅外(700或800,nm)熒光染料標(biāo)記的二抗(山羊抗兔,1∶5,000),避光平穩(wěn)搖動(dòng),室溫1.5,h.棄二抗,用PBS洗膜3次,利用oddysey遠(yuǎn)紅外成像系統(tǒng)(LICOR公司)掃膜.
1.6 MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖率
取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的MCF-7細(xì)胞,調(diào)整濃度為104,mL-1,接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板中,每孔100,μL.培養(yǎng)12,h后棄去培養(yǎng)基,對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1,實(shí)驗(yàn)組梯度轉(zhuǎn)染maspin/pcDNA3.1(0.05、0.15、0.20,μg),每組設(shè)5個(gè)平行孔.在無(wú)血清的培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)6,h后換新鮮含血清培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)18,h.用PBS洗2次,每孔加入質(zhì)量濃度為5,mg/mL的MTT 20,μL和無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)液80,μL.繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4,h后棄去上清液,每孔加入DMSO 100,μL,振蕩使紫色結(jié)晶物充分溶解.在酶標(biāo)儀上測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)490,nm處各孔的吸光度A,并按式(1)計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖率.
1.7 TUNEL法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡情況
取MCF-7細(xì)胞接種于24孔培養(yǎng)板中,培養(yǎng)12,h后分別轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1、maspin/pcDNA3.1,質(zhì)粒質(zhì)量為1,μg,質(zhì)粒與轉(zhuǎn)染試劑比例(μg∶μL)為1∶2,24,h后吸去培養(yǎng)基,用PBS洗滌3次.加入4%多聚甲醛溶液,4,℃放置25,min.加入PBS,放置5,min,重復(fù)2次.加入體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.25%的Triton X-100溶液,放置20,min.加入PBS,室溫放置5,min,重復(fù)2次.吸干孔板中液體,用100,μL平衡緩沖液覆蓋細(xì)胞,室溫放置10,min.吸掉大部分平衡緩沖液,加入50,μL rTdT孵育緩沖液,37,℃避光放置1,h.將300,μL 2×SSC加入孔板,室溫放置15,min.加入PBS,放置5,min,重復(fù)2次.加入300,μL DAPI溶液,室溫放置15,min.加入PBS,室溫放置5,min,重復(fù)2次.立即在共聚焦顯微鏡(OLYMPUSG公司)下觀察細(xì)胞的凋亡情況.
1.8 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡情況
分別轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1、maspin/pcDNA3.1,質(zhì)粒質(zhì)量為8,μg,質(zhì)粒與轉(zhuǎn)染試劑比例(μg∶μL)為1∶2,而后分別收集正常細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1的細(xì)胞、轉(zhuǎn)染maspin/pcDNA3.1的細(xì)胞,800,g離心10,min,棄上清液.冰PBS洗細(xì)胞1次.用1,mL Binding Buffer懸浮細(xì)胞,300,g離心10,min,棄上清液.用1,mL Binding Buffer重懸細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為1×106mL-1,取100,μL細(xì)胞懸液加入5,μL Annexin VFITC,輕輕振蕩混勻,室溫避光孵育10,min,再加入5,μL PI,室溫避光孵育5,min,補(bǔ)加400,μL Binding Buffer,輕輕振蕩混勻,1,h內(nèi)進(jìn)行流式細(xì)胞定量分析,檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡情況.
2.1 maspin/pcDNA3.1表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的鑒定
以提取的cDNA為模板克隆maspin基因片段,將純化后的PCR產(chǎn)物雙酶切后連接到表達(dá)載體pcDNA3.1上,構(gòu)建出表達(dá)質(zhì)粒maspin/pcDNA3.1(圖1).表達(dá)質(zhì)粒maspin/pcDNA3.1經(jīng)KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ雙酶切后得到載體片段和maspin基因片段,初步證明maspin基因被插入到空載質(zhì)粒中(圖2).測(cè)序鑒定結(jié)果表明maspin已成功連接到載體pcDNA3.1上,無(wú)突變,與NCBI相應(yīng)序列一致.
2.2 maspin/pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染MCF-7細(xì)胞后maspin mRNA表達(dá)變化
為了檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后maspin是否得到了表達(dá),采用了半定量RT-PCR檢測(cè)maspin mRNA表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果如圖3所示.由圖3可知:未轉(zhuǎn)染組和轉(zhuǎn)染空載質(zhì)粒組maspin mRNA無(wú)表達(dá);而maspin/pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染組與前二者比較maspin mRNA表達(dá)明顯增強(qiáng).這說(shuō)明轉(zhuǎn)染maspin/pcDNA3.1表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后maspin能在mRNA水平進(jìn)行過(guò)表達(dá),且轉(zhuǎn)入空載質(zhì)粒不影響maspin在mRNA水平的表達(dá).
2.3 maspin/pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染MCF-7細(xì)胞后maspin蛋白表達(dá)變化
為了檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后maspin是否得到了表達(dá),采用了半定量RT-PCR檢測(cè)maspin蛋白表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果如圖4所示.由圖4可知:未轉(zhuǎn)染組和轉(zhuǎn)染空載質(zhì)粒組maspin蛋白無(wú)表達(dá);而maspin/pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染組與前二者比較maspin蛋白表達(dá)明顯增強(qiáng).這說(shuō)明轉(zhuǎn)染maspin/pcDNA3.1表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后maspin能在蛋白水平進(jìn)行過(guò)表達(dá),且轉(zhuǎn)入空載質(zhì)粒不影響maspin在蛋白水平的表達(dá).
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)染maspin對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖的影響
利用MTT法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染空載質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1和梯度轉(zhuǎn)染maspin/pcDNA3.1表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖能力,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1.由表1可知:細(xì)胞表達(dá)maspin蛋白后增殖能力明顯降低,且抑制效應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)劑量依賴(lài)性變化.提示過(guò)表達(dá)maspin能抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖.
2.5 TUNEL檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染maspin后MCF-7細(xì)胞的凋亡
MCF-7細(xì)胞分別經(jīng)空載質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1和表達(dá)質(zhì)粒maspin/pcDNA3.1轉(zhuǎn)染24,h后,利用TUNEL觀察細(xì)胞凋亡率的改變.隨機(jī)選取10個(gè)視野進(jìn)行觀察并經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件計(jì)算凋亡率.TUNEL檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡
情況如圖5所示.由圖5可知DAPI所染的為細(xì)胞核,右側(cè)染料所染為凋亡細(xì)胞.與轉(zhuǎn)染空載質(zhì)粒組相比,轉(zhuǎn)染表達(dá)質(zhì)粒組細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)量升高了約9倍.
2.6 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染maspin后MCF-7細(xì)胞的凋亡
應(yīng)用AnnexinV-FITC/PI雙標(biāo)記流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡,橫坐標(biāo)是Annexin-V FITC,縱坐標(biāo)是PI,正?;罴?xì)胞分布在流式細(xì)胞分析圖的左下區(qū),早期凋亡細(xì)胞分布在流式細(xì)胞分析圖的右下區(qū),晚期凋亡或壞死細(xì)胞分布在流式細(xì)胞分析圖的右上區(qū),壞死細(xì)胞分布在流式細(xì)胞分析圖的左上區(qū),圖6結(jié)果顯示轉(zhuǎn)染重組質(zhì)粒組與轉(zhuǎn)染空載質(zhì)粒組MCF-7細(xì)胞早期凋亡、晚期凋亡或壞死率均明顯增加.
maspin作為絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑超家族的一個(gè)非抑制劑成員,在多種癌癥類(lèi)型中發(fā)揮抑癌作用[7]. maspin的抗腫瘤影響是抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲,增強(qiáng)對(duì)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的粘附,增強(qiáng)對(duì)凋亡的敏感性,抑制新生血管的形成[5–6].然而,關(guān)于maspin在影響MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖與凋亡的研究目前比較少.
maspin能夠在正常的乳腺或前列腺上皮細(xì)胞中表達(dá),然而其在腫瘤細(xì)胞中表達(dá)減少或喪失[8].maspin基因在乳腺癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)缺失不是因?yàn)閙aspin基因的缺失或重排[9],這表明在乳腺癌發(fā)展過(guò)程中可能有轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的因素來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)maspin的表達(dá).
凋亡是一種主要的細(xì)胞自我消亡過(guò)程,它被認(rèn)為是一種阻止乳腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)展的有效途徑.作為抗腫瘤藥物的凋亡誘導(dǎo)物已經(jīng)引起了廣泛關(guān)注,其中的一些已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用于臨床[10].它可能是腫瘤治療中一種非常有前景的治療途徑.先前的報(bào)道[6]已經(jīng)證明maspin在功能上可能與乳腺癌細(xì)胞的凋亡有關(guān),能夠使乳腺癌細(xì)胞對(duì)十字孢堿引起的細(xì)胞凋亡更為敏感.而且,5–雜氮脫氧胞苷(5-aza-dc)和曲古柳菌素(TSA)能引起細(xì)胞凋亡,并且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中伴隨的maspin的重新表達(dá)也可能與凋亡有關(guān)[11].maspin作為一種新型的E2F1調(diào)節(jié)基因,表明它可能參與E2F1引起的細(xì)胞凋亡,尤其是E2F1和化學(xué)藥劑共同引起的凋亡[12].先前的一些報(bào)道[5]還闡明maspin能引起B(yǎng)ax和P21的表達(dá)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的凋亡.本文也證明了過(guò)表達(dá)maspin能夠誘導(dǎo)MCF-7細(xì)胞的凋亡,從而可以劑量依賴(lài)性地抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖.以上結(jié)果提示maspin對(duì)腫瘤的調(diào)節(jié)方式是多樣化的,并可能與腫瘤的類(lèi)別有密切關(guān)系.
本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明maspin能抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖并引起其凋亡,所以maspin可能在乳腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡中起重要作用,并有希望成為一種以凋亡為基礎(chǔ)的乳腺癌治療的改良藥劑,但其具體機(jī)制還應(yīng)進(jìn)一步研究.
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責(zé)任編輯:周建軍
Effect of Overexpressing Maspin on the Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7
LI Yanqi,ZHANG Tongcun,SUN Xueguang,LIAO Xinghua,WANG Nan,LUO Xuegang
(College of Biotechnology,Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)
By constructing maspin expression plasmid,the effects of overexpressed maspin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell MCF-7 were studied. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was observed with MTT. The results show that the overexpression of maspin inhibited MCF-7 cell’s proliferation in a dose dependent manner. The apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was observed with TUNEL and flow cytometry. The results indicate that the maspin overexprssion could promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cell and thereby inhibit cellular proliferation.
breast cancer;MCF-7 cells;maspin;apoptosis
R737.9
A
1672-6510(2014)05-0020-04
10.13364/j.issn.1672-6510.2014.05.005
2013–12–05;
2014–03–12
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31071126,31000343)
李艷琦(1989—),男,天津人,碩士研究生;通信作者:張同存,教授,tony@tust.edu.cn.