国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

經(jīng)后路全脊椎切除術(shù)對(duì)伴呼吸功能障礙的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者肺功能的影響研究

2014-02-14 02:59:20畢尼解京明王迎松張穎趙智李韜劉洲施志約
中國骨與關(guān)節(jié)雜志 2014年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:胸廓矯形呼吸肌

畢尼 解京明 王迎松 張穎 趙智 李韜 劉洲 施志約

經(jīng)后路全脊椎切除術(shù)對(duì)伴呼吸功能障礙的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者肺功能的影響研究

畢尼 解京明 王迎松 張穎 趙智 李韜 劉洲 施志約

目的對(duì)伴有呼吸功能障礙的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形 ( 不包含半椎體畸形 ) 患者行經(jīng)后路全脊椎切除 ( posterior vertebral column resection,PVCR ) 脊柱矯形,對(duì)術(shù)前、術(shù)后肺功能檢查 ( pulmonary function test,PFT ) 的資料進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)其變化規(guī)律。方法將 2004 年 1 月至 2009 年 1 月,我院收治的除半椎體畸形外的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者中伴有肺功能障礙的 24 例納入本研究。男 11 例,女 13 例,年齡 11~45 歲,平均 ( 18.9±8.0 ) 歲;術(shù)前側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角平均 ( 110.1±14.6 ) ° ( 94~170 ) °,后凸 Cobb’s 角平均 ( 80.6±29.2 ) ° ( 42~160 ) °。所有患者均行 PVCR 術(shù),以術(shù)前肺功能肺活量 ( vital capacity,VC ) 分為中度呼吸功能障礙組( 40%~60% ) 和重度呼吸功能障礙組 ( 低于 40% )。術(shù)前、術(shù)后 2 周、3 個(gè)月、6 個(gè)月、1 年、2 年行肺功能檢查,評(píng)估患者的肺功能狀況,分析肺功能各參數(shù) ( 肺活量-VC,VC 實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-VC%,用力肺活量-FVC,F(xiàn)VC 實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-FVC%,第一秒用力呼氣量-FEV1,F(xiàn)EV1 實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-FEV1% ) 與術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間的關(guān)系,患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后自覺癥狀改善 ( 呼吸窘迫、肺部感染、體力、生活質(zhì)量 ) 與術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果終末隨訪 24 個(gè)月。術(shù)后 2 周,肺功能參數(shù) FVC、FVC%、FEV1、FEV1%,重度呼吸功能障礙組分別為:( 0.92±0.04 ) L、( 26.55±0.67 ) %、( 0.98±0.06 ) L、( 25.48± 0.41 ) %,明顯低于術(shù)前 ( 1.13±0.06 ) L、( 28.27±0.55 ) %、( 1.04±0.06 ) L、( 27.42±0.36 ) % ( P<0.05 ),中度呼吸功能障礙組分別為:( 1.28±0.06 ) L、( 38.83±1.00 ) %、( 1.05±0.03 ) L、( 35.43±0.36 ) %,明顯低于術(shù)前 ( 1.42±0.04 ) L、 ( 40.33±0.79 ) %、( 1.33±0.04 ) L、( 37.38±0.47 ) % ( P<0.05 ),動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治鼍崾井惓?,肺功能水平明顯低于術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 );術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月,患者的肺功能參數(shù)開始逐漸恢復(fù),但仍不及術(shù)前水平;術(shù)后 1 年,患者肺功能水平略高于術(shù)前,各參數(shù)與術(shù)前比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P>0.05 ),但 96% 的患者自覺癥狀得到改善,MET 評(píng)分較術(shù)前高,動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治黾胺尾啃仄匆姰惓?;術(shù)后 2 年,肺功能參數(shù) FVC、FVC%、FEV1、FEV1%,重度呼吸功能障礙組分別為:( 1.48±0.03 ) L、( 33.67±0.49 ) %、( 1.28±0.03 ) L、( 31.53±0.41 ) %,中度呼吸功能障礙組分別為:( 1.56±0.06 ) L、( 42.05± 0.38 ) %、( 1.43±0.04 ) L、( 39.32±0.40 ) %,所有患者的肺功能明顯高于術(shù)前的基礎(chǔ)水平 ( VC 恢復(fù) 17.1%,F(xiàn)VC 恢復(fù) 18.7%,F(xiàn)EV1 恢復(fù) 14.4% ),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 ),所有患者自覺癥狀得到改善,動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治稣#仄匆姺萎惓?。術(shù)后肺功能參數(shù)變化率、自覺癥狀改善率均與恢復(fù)時(shí)間成正相關(guān)。結(jié)論 嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者行 PVCR 術(shù)后,肺功能在 2 周內(nèi)明顯下降,隨著恢復(fù)時(shí)間的延長,術(shù)后 1 年肺功能逐漸恢復(fù)到術(shù)前基礎(chǔ)水平,術(shù)后 2 年較術(shù)前有明顯改善,特別是術(shù)前表現(xiàn)為重度呼吸功能障礙的患者。PVCR 術(shù)后2 年患者 PFT 較術(shù)前有改善,多數(shù)患者術(shù)后 1 年自覺癥狀改善,并且動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治稣#夭?X 線片未見肺異常,術(shù)后 2 年 24 例自覺癥狀均明顯改善,這對(duì)提高患者生活質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。

脊柱后凸;脊柱側(cè)凸;脊柱彎曲;呼吸障礙;經(jīng)后路全脊椎切除

嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱側(cè)后凸畸形在冠狀面、橫斷面及矢狀面分別有側(cè)向彎曲、軸向旋轉(zhuǎn)和前凸或后凸畸形[1-2]。在這個(gè)復(fù)雜畸形的三維空間中,胸腔容積縮小、肺實(shí)質(zhì)受壓迫、膈肌活動(dòng)受限、氣道彎曲、肺通氣受阻、肺活量降低嚴(yán)重影響患者的呼吸功能。更嚴(yán)重者,由于肺泡萎陷,肺內(nèi)張力過度,引起循環(huán)系統(tǒng)梗阻、肺動(dòng)脈高壓,進(jìn)而在后期導(dǎo)致肺原性心臟病及早亡[3-4]。若患者合并有系統(tǒng)性疾病、神經(jīng)肌肉源性側(cè)凸、早發(fā)的脊柱畸形、伴有胸廓的畸形或先天性心臟病等,心肺負(fù)擔(dān)會(huì)進(jìn)一步加重,并加速呼吸循環(huán)障礙發(fā)生的進(jìn)程。2004 年 1 月至2009 年 1 月,我院為收治除半椎體畸形外的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形 ( Cobb’s 角>100°,柔韌度<10% ),并伴肺功能障礙 24 例行后路全脊椎切除 ( posteriorvertebral column resection,PVCR ),療效顯著,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

資料與方法

一、一般資料

本組共 24 例,男 11 例,女 13 例,年齡 11~45 歲,平均 ( 18.9±8.0 ) 歲;術(shù)前側(cè)凸 Cobb’s 角平均 ( 110.1±14.6 ) ° ( 94~170 ) °,后凸 Cobb’s 角平均( 80.6±29.2 ) ° ( 42~160 ) °;所有病例無其它系統(tǒng)疾病,但均有脊柱畸形引起的胸廓畸形。所有病例均行 PVCR 術(shù)。術(shù)前行呼吸功能鍛煉,無創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī)改善通氣功能,術(shù)前 MET 評(píng)分 ( 4.17±1.05 ) 分。

二、評(píng)估方法

根據(jù)術(shù)前肺功能肺活量 ( vital capacity,VC )[5]將患者分為兩組:中度呼吸功能障礙組 ( 40%~60% ) 12 例,重度呼吸功能障礙組 ( 低于 40% ) 12 例。術(shù)前、術(shù)后 2 周、3 個(gè)月、6 個(gè)月、1 年、2 年時(shí)行肺功能檢查,評(píng)估患者的肺功能狀況,分析肺功能各參數(shù) ( 肺活量-VC,VC 實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-VC%,用力肺活量-FVC,F(xiàn)VC 實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-FVC%,第一秒用力呼氣量-FEV1,F(xiàn)EV1實(shí)測(cè)值與預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比-FEV1% ) 與術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間的關(guān)系。但由于預(yù)測(cè)值存在較大的估計(jì)誤差,故在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)比較時(shí)筆者只保留了 FVC、FVC%、FEV1、FEV1% 作為主要觀察參數(shù),并根據(jù)患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后 MET 評(píng)分及術(shù)前血?dú)夥治鲋?PO2、PCO2作為兩個(gè)次要觀察參數(shù) ( MET 評(píng)分評(píng)估患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后自覺癥狀改善與術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間的關(guān)系 )。由于患者在術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月內(nèi)須佩戴支具或臥床,故 MET 評(píng)分觀察時(shí)間設(shè)定為術(shù)前、術(shù)后 6 個(gè)月、1 年、2 年。而血?dú)夥治鲋?PO2、PCO2受干擾因素較多,只用來判斷患者術(shù)前是否伴有呼吸衰竭及術(shù)后是否異常,未進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。

三、治療策略

所有病例均行 PVCR 術(shù)與單純釘棒系統(tǒng)固定。術(shù)前所有病例均進(jìn)行呼吸功能鍛煉。術(shù)中矯形的全過程均在確保脊髓安全的前提下進(jìn)行。術(shù)中若胸膜有穿破,常規(guī)留胸腔閉式引流。術(shù)后佩戴支具或臥床 3 個(gè)月。

四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

結(jié) 果

本組病例術(shù)中均無脊髓損傷。所有病例無失隨訪,均嚴(yán)格按照隨訪要求定期復(fù)查肺功能,終末隨訪 24 個(gè)月。通過 PO2、PCO2發(fā)現(xiàn),所有患者中只有 1 例術(shù)前有 I 型呼吸衰竭,3 例術(shù)前呼吸功能正常,但都接近正常值底線,其余未伴有呼吸衰竭,但都低于正常值。術(shù)后 2 周,重度組與中度組所有患者的肺功能參數(shù)與術(shù)前相比均下降,動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治鼍崾井惓?。肺功能水平明顯低于術(shù)前水平,與術(shù)前比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 )。術(shù)后3 個(gè)月,兩組患者的肺功能開始逐漸恢復(fù),但仍不及術(shù)前水平,各參數(shù)與術(shù)前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P>0.05 )。術(shù)后 6 個(gè)月至 1 年,兩組患者肺功能水平雖然略高于術(shù)前,但各參數(shù)與術(shù)前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P>0.05 )。術(shù)后 2 年,兩組患者的肺功能各參數(shù)明顯優(yōu)于術(shù)前,與術(shù)前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 ) ( 表1,2 )。

表1 重度呼吸功能障礙組肺功能各指標(biāo)術(shù)前、術(shù)后比較 (±s )Tab.1 Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative PFT parameters in severe impairment group (±s )

表1 重度呼吸功能障礙組肺功能各指標(biāo)術(shù)前、術(shù)后比較 (±s )Tab.1 Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative PFT parameters in severe impairment group (±s )

注:aP<0.05,與術(shù)前相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;bP<0.001,與術(shù)前相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義Notice:aP<0.05, there were statistically significant differences when compared with that preoperatively.bP<0.001, there were statistically significant differences when compared with that preoperatively

肺功能 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 2 周 術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月 術(shù)后 6 個(gè)月 術(shù)后 1 年 術(shù)后 2 年FVC ( L ) 1.13±0.06 0.92±0.04b 1.15±0.04 1.16±0.03 1.18±0.02 1.48±0.03bFVC% 28.27±0.55 26.55±0.67b 28.16±0.38 28.34±0.44 28.45±0.53 33.67±0.49bFEV1 ( L ) 1.04±0.06 0.98±0.06a 1.04±0.02 1.06±0.03 1.08±0.03 1.28±0.03bFEV1% 27.42±0.36 25.48±0.41b 27.22±0.49 27.39±0.40 27.67±0.28 31.53±0.41b

雖然術(shù)后 2 年的中度組患者各項(xiàng)肺功能參數(shù)均優(yōu)于重度組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 ) ( 表3 ),但術(shù)后 2 年所有患者的 VC、FVC、FEV1 明顯高于術(shù)前水平,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P<0.05 ),其中VC 改善率 17.1%,F(xiàn)VC 改善率 18.7%,F(xiàn)EV1 改善率 14.4% ( 表4)。96% ( 23 / 24 ) 的患者術(shù)后 1 年自覺癥狀得到改善,100% 的患者術(shù)后 2 年自覺癥狀得到改善,動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治稣?,胸?X 線片未見肺異常。MET 評(píng)分從術(shù)前 ( 4.17±1.05 ) 分提升至術(shù)后6 個(gè)月 ( 5.25±1.11 ) 分、術(shù)后 1 年 ( 8.04±1.78 ) 分以及術(shù)后 2 年 ( 8.42±1.84 ) 分,其中術(shù)后 1 年和術(shù)后 2 年較術(shù)前有明顯提高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 ( P=0.000 )。術(shù)后肺功能參數(shù)變化率、自覺癥狀改善率均與恢復(fù)時(shí)間成正相關(guān)。

表2 中度呼吸功能障礙組肺功能各指標(biāo)術(shù)前、術(shù)后比較 (±s )Tab.2 Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative PFT parameters in moderate impairment group (±s )

表2 中度呼吸功能障礙組肺功能各指標(biāo)術(shù)前、術(shù)后比較 (±s )Tab.2 Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative PFT parameters in moderate impairment group (±s )

注:aP<0.001,與術(shù)前相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義Notice:aP<0.001, there were statistically significant differences when compared with that preoperatively

肺功能 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 2 周 術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月 術(shù)后 6 個(gè)月 術(shù)后 1 年 術(shù)后 2 年FVC ( L ) 1.42±0.04 1.28±0.06a 1.41±0.02 1.42±0.03 1.43±0.03 1.56±0.06aFVC% 40.33±0.79 38.83±1.00a 40.15±0.77 40.76±0.54 40.83±0.83 42.05±0.38aFEV1 ( L ) 1.33±0.04 1.05±0.03a 1.31±0.04 1.36±0.06 1.37±0.04 1.43±0.04aFEV1% 37.38±0.47 35.43±0.36a 37.03±0.54 37.58±0.23 37.70±0.38 39.32±0.40a

表3 不同肺功能指標(biāo)術(shù)后 2 年組間比較 (±s )Tab.3 Comparison of the PFT parameters between the 2 groups at 2 years after the operation (±s )

表3 不同肺功能指標(biāo)術(shù)后 2 年組間比較 (±s )Tab.3 Comparison of the PFT parameters between the 2 groups at 2 years after the operation (±s )

注:aP<0.001,與重度組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義Notice:aP<0.001, there were statistically significant differences when compared with that in severe impairment group

肺功能 重度組 中度組FVC ( L ) 1.48±0.03 1.56±0.06aFVC% 33.67±0.49 42.05±0.38aFEV1 ( L ) 1.28±0.03 1.43±0.04aFEV1% 31.53±0.41 39.32±0.40a

表4 不同肺功能指標(biāo)術(shù)后 2 年與術(shù)前比較 (±s )Tab.4 Comparison between the PFT parameters at 2 years after the operation and the preoperative parameters (±s )

表4 不同肺功能指標(biāo)術(shù)后 2 年與術(shù)前比較 (±s )Tab.4 Comparison between the PFT parameters at 2 years after the operation and the preoperative parameters (±s )

注:aP<0.001,與術(shù)前相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義Notice:aP<0.001, there were statistically significant differences when compared with that preoperatively

肺功能 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 2 年 改善率 ( % ) VC ( L ) 1.24±0.05 1.45±0.04a 17.1 FVC ( L ) 1.28±0.16 1.52±0.07a 18.7 FEV1 ( L ) 1.19±0.16 1.36±0.09a 14.4

討 論

過去的研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸 ( adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS ) 后路矯形技術(shù)能改善患者的肺功能[4-7],同時(shí)能在一定程度上矯正側(cè)凸畸形。但單純后路矯形手術(shù)對(duì)于嚴(yán)重且僵硬的脊柱畸形矯形能力有限,并無法完全解決“剃刀背”畸形[8-9]。胸廓成形術(shù)雖然能改善嚴(yán)重“剃刀背”畸形,但前路手術(shù)損傷了呼吸肌,對(duì)胸廓的完整性和穩(wěn)定性破壞過大。而對(duì)于嚴(yán)重僵硬的脊柱畸形患者,在脊柱畸形沒有獲得較好的矯形基礎(chǔ)上行后路胸廓成形術(shù),其對(duì)肺功能的恢復(fù)不僅作用甚微,甚至不利于此類患者肺功能的恢復(fù)[10]。

本研究的所有病例通過 PVCR 術(shù)使脊柱完全斷離,人為創(chuàng)造出環(huán)繞脊髓的 360° 巨大矯形空間,在首先獲得脊柱短縮的前提下保持矯形過程中的脊髓無張狀態(tài),并以此為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)矯形需要,同時(shí)或分別將多種矯形力附加于該空間,最終安全、有效地獲得嚴(yán)重、復(fù)雜脊柱畸形的多維矯形。在獲得較好矯形的同時(shí),于后路行胸廓成形術(shù),改善其“剃刀背”畸形。

既往研究報(bào)道,行單純后路或前后路聯(lián)合矯形的 AIS 患者,如加做胸廓成形術(shù),特別是前路,術(shù)后 3 天肺功能下降至最低點(diǎn),之后 1 周肺功能維持在術(shù)前一半,1 年后才較術(shù)前有明顯恢復(fù)[11]。

對(duì)于 PVCR 術(shù)對(duì)嚴(yán)重僵硬的脊柱畸形患者肺功能的恢復(fù),本研究中,患者術(shù)后 2 周肺功能各參數(shù)較術(shù)前明顯下降,術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月接近術(shù)前,術(shù)后 1 年優(yōu)于術(shù)前,術(shù)后 2 年恢復(fù)更明顯。其趨勢(shì)呈近期加重,后期恢復(fù)。考慮有如下原因:

1.雖然患者術(shù)后胸廓形態(tài)恢復(fù)生理狀態(tài),但由于長期胸廓畸形,胸腔容積縮小,肺實(shí)質(zhì)受壓,使其肺泡萎陷,肺組織纖維彈性減退,肺復(fù)張仍不充分。而后路的胸廓成形術(shù)對(duì)局部的胸膜及呼吸肌造成了一定損傷,使其胸壁局部凹陷,呼吸動(dòng)度減小。矯形即刻狀態(tài)下胸廓順應(yīng)性更差,呼吸肌更加不匹配,加之麻醉、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷、術(shù)中出血、術(shù)后疼痛、術(shù)后久臥、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷致肺泡表面活性物質(zhì)的分布及受體活性的異常等因素,使患者術(shù)后 2 周內(nèi)FVC、FEV1 明顯下降,通氣功能障礙加重。

此時(shí)患者容易發(fā)生術(shù)后胸腔積液、肺部感染等并發(fā)癥,加重肺功能障礙。本研究中,6 例出現(xiàn)術(shù)后胸腔積液,故此期間應(yīng)注意肺功能鍛煉、抗感染治療。

2.術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月,由于患者胸廓趨向正常生理狀態(tài),順應(yīng)性在逐漸改善,且呼吸肌不匹配狀態(tài)也在逐漸好轉(zhuǎn),通氣功能得到改善。可觀察到肺功能逐步恢復(fù)并改善的情況。本組研究 FVC、FEV1、FVC%、FEV1% 較術(shù)后 2 周均有恢復(fù),通氣功能有所好轉(zhuǎn)。

由于此類患者術(shù)后臥床時(shí)間可長達(dá) 3 個(gè)月,不能早期下床增加鍛煉,導(dǎo)致術(shù)后呼吸肌鍛煉不足。呼吸肌雖有修復(fù),但與擴(kuò)張的胸廓機(jī)械偶聯(lián)仍有障礙。故肺功能恢復(fù)雖較術(shù)后 2 周有所改善,但仍然不及術(shù)前。所以,如果患者術(shù)后可以早期脫離無創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)呼吸肌的主動(dòng)鍛煉,避免對(duì)機(jī)器的依賴。

3.術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月至 1 年,隨著患者活動(dòng)和營養(yǎng)的增加,肺充分復(fù)張,肺泡、呼吸肌功能充分恢復(fù)。特別是行胸廓成形時(shí)斷離的肋骨重新修復(fù),加強(qiáng)了胸廓的穩(wěn)定性及順應(yīng)性,使肺功能恢復(fù)高于術(shù)前水平,并且動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治黾靶仄匆姰惓!1狙芯恐校?6% 的患者在術(shù)后 1 年自覺癥狀得到改善,MET 評(píng)分較術(shù)前提高。

4.術(shù)后 2 年時(shí),隨著軀干平衡、胸廓穩(wěn)定,患者在日常生活中的活動(dòng)增加,肺功能的恢復(fù)進(jìn)入了良性循環(huán)。此時(shí)雖然伴有重度呼吸障礙的患者比伴有中度呼吸功能障礙的患者恢復(fù)得差,但就總體來說,所有患者的肺功能明顯高于術(shù)前水平,動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治稣<靶夭?X 線片未見肺異常。本研究中,100% 的患者術(shù)后 2 年自覺癥狀得到改善。

筆者認(rèn)為伴有呼吸功能障礙的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者,只要沒有進(jìn)展到 II 型呼吸衰竭,通過PVCR 手術(shù)是有機(jī)會(huì)恢復(fù)肺功能的。這是由于 PVCR不僅有效改善了脊柱復(fù)雜的三維畸形,而且改善了胸廓的畸形及“剃刀背”;同時(shí)較前路胸廓成形、前路、前后路聯(lián)合矯形減少了胸壁及呼吸肌的損傷和修復(fù)的時(shí)間;同時(shí)減小了膈肌活動(dòng)的阻力,提高了膈肌活動(dòng)幅度,進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了呼吸肌與胸廓的機(jī)械偶聯(lián);彎曲受壓的氣道得到了改善,使得氣道通暢,緩解了肺通氣受阻的情況,進(jìn)而提高了肺活量和呼氣流速,使萎陷的肺泡得以恢復(fù)。胸廓的順應(yīng)性增大,壓縮的肺重新復(fù)張,阻塞的氣道重新開放,使得通氣 / 血流比值改善,并且肺血管阻力的降低改善了肺動(dòng)脈高壓,這更利于對(duì)肺功能的改善。

總之,對(duì)于伴有呼吸功能障礙的嚴(yán)重僵硬脊柱畸形患者,PVCR 術(shù)不僅保證了更好的矯形效果,對(duì)肺功能及自覺癥狀的改善也有明顯的效果,這對(duì)此類患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的改善是有極大幫助的。

[1] McMaster MJ, Glasby MA, Singh H, et al. Lung function in congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2007, 20(3):203-208.

[2] Takahashi S, Suzuki N, Asazuma T, et al. Factors of thoracic cage deformity that affect pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. Spine, 2007, 32(1):106-112.

[3] Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, et al. A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis. Spine, 2000, 25(1):82-90.

[4] Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, et al. Analysis of pulmonary function and axis rotation in adolescent and young adult idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. J Spinal Disord, 1992, 5(1):16-25.

[5] Johnson BE, Westgate HD. Methods of predicting vital capacity in patients with thoracic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1970, 52(7):1433-1439.

[6] Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, et al. Pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2005, 87(7):1534-1541.

[7] Pehrsson K, Danielsson A, Nachemson A. Pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 25 year follow up after surgery or start of brace treatment. Thorax, 2001, 56(5): 388-393.

[8] Asher M, Manna B, Lark R. Coronal and transverse plane trunk asymmetry correction following torsional segmental spinal instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2002, 88:393-394.

[9] Harvey CJ Jr, Betz RR, Clements DH, et al. Are there indications for partial rib resection in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation? Spine, 1993, 18(12):1593-1598.

[10] Geissele AE, Ogilvie JW, Cohen M, et al. Thoracoplasty for the treatment of rib prominence in thoracic scoliosis. Spine, 1994, 19(14):1636-1642.

[11] Steel HH. Rib resection and spine fusion in correction of convex deformity in scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1983, 65(7):920-925.

( 本文編輯:王萌 )

Research on the effects of posterior vertebral column resection on pulmonary function in the patients with severe rigid spinal deformity accompanied by respiratory dysfunction

BI Ni, XIE Jing-ming, WANG Ying-song, ZHANG Ying, ZHAO Zhi, LI Tao, LIU Zhou, SHI Zhi-yue. Department of Orthopedics, the second Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PRC

ObjectiveTo analyze the preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function test ( PFT ) results in the patients with severe rigid spinal deformity ( excluding hemivertebra deformity ) accompanied by respiratory dysfunction who underwent posterior vertebral column resection ( PVCR ) and to summarize the variation rules.MethodsFrom January 2004 to January 2009, 24 patients with severe rigid spinal deformity ( excluding hemivertebra deformity ) and obvious respiratory dysfunction were enrolled. Their mean age was ( 18.9±8.0 ) years old ( range: 11-45 years ). The average preoperative scoliotic Cobb’s angle was ( 110.1±14.6 ) ° ( range: 94°-170° ) and the average preoperative kyphotic Cobb’s angle was ( 80.6±29.2 ) ° ( range: 42°-160° ). All the patients underwent PVCR. They were divided into moderate ( 40%-60% ) impairment group and severe ( <40% ) impairment group according to the preoperative vital capacity ( VC ). The PFT parameters were measured preoperatively and at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the operation, including VC, VC percentage of the measured value and the predicted value ( VC% ), forced vital capacity ( FVC ), FVC percentage of the measured value and the predicted value ( FVC% ), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) and FEV1 percentage of the measured value and the predicted value ( FEV1% ). The relationship between the postoperative recovery period and the PFT parameters was analyzed, as well as the relationship between the postoperative recovery period and the preoperative and postoperative subjective symptom improvement ( respiratory distress, pulmonary inflammation, exercise capacity and quality of life ).ResultsAll the patients were followed up for 24 months. The FVC, FVC%, FEV1 and FEV1% were ( 0.92±0.04 ) L, ( 26.55±0.67 ) %, ( 0.98±0.06 ) L and ( 25.48±0.41 ) % at 2 weeks after the operation in severe impairment group, which were obviously lower than ( 1.13±0.06 ) L, ( 28.27±0.55 ) %, ( 1.04±0.06 ) L and ( 27.42±0.36 ) % preoperatively ( P<0.05 ). The FVC, FVC%, FEV1 and FEV1% were ( 1.28±0.06 ) L, ( 38.83±1.00 ) %, ( 1.05±0.03 ) L and ( 35.43±0.36 ) % at 2 weeks after the operation in moderate impairment group, which were obviously lower than ( 1.42±0.04 ) L, ( 40.33±0.79 ) %, ( 1.33±0.04 ) L and ( 37.38±0.47 ) % preoperatively ( P<0.05 ). The arterial blood gas ( ABG ) analysis showed abnormal results. The PFT parameters at 2 weeks after the operation were obviously lower than that preoperatively, and the differences between them were statistically signifcant ( P<0.05 ). At 3 months after the operation, the PFT parameters began to increase gradually, but still lower than the preoperative parameters. At 1 year after the operation, the PFT parameters were higher than the preoperative parameters and the differences between them were not statistically signifcant ( P>0.05 ). However, subjective symptom improvement was noticed in 96% of the patients. The Metabolic Equivalent of Energy ( MET ) grade was improved after the operation, and the ABG analysis and chest X-ray showed no abnormality. The FVC, FVC%, FEV1 and FEV1% were ( 1.48±0.03 ) L, ( 33.67±0.49 ) %, ( 1.28±0.03 ) L and ( 31.53±0.41 ) % in severe impairment group and ( 1.56±0.06 ) L, ( 42.05±0.38 ) %, ( 1.43±0.04 ) L and ( 39.32±0.40 ) % in moderate impairment group at 2 years after the operation. The pulmonary function was obviously improved in all the patients. The VC was recovered by 17.1%, FVC by 18.7% and FEV1 by 14.4%, and the differences between them were statistically signifcant ( P<0.05 ). Subjective symptom improvement was noticed in all the patients, and the ABG analysis and chest X-ray showed no abnormality. There was a positive correlation between the recovery time and rate of change of the postoperative PFT parameters and improvement rate of the subjective symptoms.ConclusionsThe pulmonary function in the patients with severe rigid spinal deformity becomes worse at 2 weeks after PVCR. With the extension of recovery time, it will return to preoperative baseline at 1 year after the operation and be signifcantly improved at 2 years after the operation, especially in the patients with severe ventilatory disorders. The PFT parameters at 2 years after PVCR are higher than the preoperative parameters. What is more, subjective symptom improvement is noticed in most patients at 1 year after the operation and the ABG analysis and chest X-ray show no abnormality. Signifcant subjective symptom improvement is noticed in almost all the patients at 2 years after the operation, which is crucial for the improvement of the quality of life.

Kyphosis; Scoliosis; Spinal curvature; Respiration disorder; Posterior vertebral column resection ( PVCR )

10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2014.12.005

:R682.3

650101 云南,昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院骨科

解京明,Email: xiejingming@vip.163.com

2014-07-30 )

猜你喜歡
胸廓矯形呼吸肌
矯形機(jī)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)**
胸廓成形術(shù)在重度脊柱側(cè)彎畸形矯正中的應(yīng)用
“呼吸肌的運(yùn)動(dòng)和胸廓的變化與呼吸的關(guān)系”模型制作
雙側(cè)胸廓內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起點(diǎn)異位一例
呼吸肌訓(xùn)練對(duì)腦卒中后肺功能及運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的影響
老年患者卒中后呼吸肌訓(xùn)練對(duì)卒中后呼吸系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥的影響
腹腔鏡在兒童胸廓出口處疾病中的應(yīng)用
矯形工藝對(duì)6N01-T5鋁合金焊接接頭性能的影響
不同溫度矯形的7N01鋁合金接頭組織性能分析
焊接(2016年5期)2016-02-27 13:04:48
健脾益肺湯改善肺脾氣虛型COPD無創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣患者呼吸肌疲勞的療效
青州市| 昭通市| 洪洞县| 衡南县| 南华县| 麟游县| 东山县| 镇安县| 高安市| 吴江市| 贡嘎县| 同江市| 尼木县| 探索| 当涂县| 交城县| 枞阳县| 山丹县| 沭阳县| 丰县| 瑞昌市| 南江县| 西宁市| 永吉县| 五大连池市| 安康市| 峨山| 宾阳县| 揭东县| 襄樊市| 巴彦淖尔市| 余干县| 固安县| 宾阳县| 乌兰浩特市| 肃北| 惠州市| 镶黄旗| 麦盖提县| 股票| 肃南|