建筑設計：魯桑建筑師事務所

維納博艮特別獎：流明藝術
——光之屋，普拉，克羅地亞

建筑設計：魯桑建筑師事務所

1 夜景/Night view

在沿偏遠海岸線蜿蜒的韋魯達路上，這座明亮的白色建筑是一道令人驚喜的風景。這里離開港口城市普拉并不太遠，坐落在前南斯拉夫的公寓大樓街區(qū)、海軍營地、歷史村落、葡萄酒莊園和許多松樹與蘆葦之間，戴安·斯基拉就把他的公司總部安置在這里，其古怪的形狀猶如一枚水晶。斯基拉是一位照明設計師，也是流明藝術公司的總裁——該公司是克羅地亞照明行業(yè)中的佼佼者，同時也是一間為建筑與城市空間進行照明設計的創(chuàng)新實驗室。這座建筑旨在反映其公司的理念及其在照明與建筑領域積累多年的經驗，與此同時，也通過特別明晰的空間組織關系與一間間光照充足的教室設計，滿足了他本人的特別要求。不僅建筑的外表皮是白色的，室內也同樣如此，任何形式的投影效果都很理想。只有斯基拉的辦公室光線稍弱，那里能俯瞰蘆葦叢與港灣。

即使整個建筑只是一個放置在基座上的立方體，一座功能明確的建筑，并在某種意義上，是一個室內外由飾面陶土磚構成的容器，流明藝術也是一座震撼人心的建筑。這座磚砌建筑的核心是內外殼體的結構，這兩者都是獨立發(fā)揮作用的要素。在克羅地亞，磚砌建筑有著悠久的歷史。這種材料形成的室內環(huán)境比混凝土的效果更出色。建筑師安德里亞·魯桑也是第一次親手建造了他的第一座陶土磚建筑。

斯基拉已經完成了建筑核心部分的所有平面與室內設計；他所需要的只是建筑外殼的設計。所以他請來了魯桑，一位來自薩格勒布（南斯拉夫北部城市——譯者注）的建筑師，他們已有多年的合作關系。對創(chuàng)造性工作的共同熱愛把這對好友密切地聯系在一起。在達爾馬提亞的一艘渡船上，自然而然地產生了這座建筑的夸張造型。在從斯普利特到赫瓦爾島的旅途中，斯基拉與魯桑進行了激烈的爭論。不久之后，魯桑在一家餐廳里，用一條黃色的餐巾，以草圖的形式描繪了他的想法。幾分鐘之內，就出現了這個水晶形狀的建筑草圖。它本可以有許多種可能的形式，但這兩人都對這種特殊的形式感到滿意，它深深觸動了斯基拉的審美要求，魯桑似乎在某種程度上變成了高級時裝的設計師。他的設計非?？褚?，傾斜的角度和古怪的造型，讓建筑變成為“真正的女人”所擁有的一襲長裙，可與專為歌劇女主角設計的服裝相媲美。魯桑現在把流明藝術算作最令自己滿意的項目之一。

水晶般的建筑形式展現了魯桑的建筑理念，即以特殊的風格完成設計（建造）任務，并通過汲取靈感和最大程度追求藝術自由來形成創(chuàng)造性的方案。然而，要把這個想法轉變?yōu)楸匾膸缀涡螤畈⒎且资拢@對好友通過努力實現了它。光是能量的隱喻。流明藝術的建筑表明，光線折射的物理特征在這里得到了體現，并通過對結構進行嚴謹地幾何組織——即核心/立方體和表皮/水晶，在視覺上得到放大。這座建筑像一位自由奔放的歌劇女主角，向這位古怪的客戶和富于創(chuàng)造力的照明設計師致敬。（徐知蘭 譯）

On Veruda Road, a long winding coastal roadway, the bright white building is a surprising sight. Here, not far from the harbour of Pula and amidst apartment blocks of the former Yugoslavia, naval barracks, historicist villas, vineyards, pines and reeds, Dean Skira has placed his crystalshaped company headquarters. Skira is a lighting designer and the head of Lumenart, Croatia's leading lighting company and an innovative laboratory for architectural and urban lighting design. The building needed to reflect his company philosophy and long years of experience with light and architecture. He insisted it be characterized by clear spatial arrangements and rooms bathed in light. The outer skin is white, as are the interiors -ideal for projections of all kinds. Only Skira's office, overlooking nearby reeds and the marina, is subtly dimmed.

Even if it is a simple cube on a plinth, a functional container of clay blocks clad inside and out, Lumenart is a striking building. The building's brick core is the structure for the head quarter's inner and outer shells, both of them autonomous elements. In Croatia, building with brick has a long tradition. The material creates a healthier indoor climate than concrete does. Architect Andrija Rusan, built his first house out of clay blocks, with his own hands.

Skira had all the plans for the building core and the interiors finished. All he needed was a design for the building's shell. So he called Rusan, a Zagreb-based architect with whom he has worked for years. The close friends are bound by their common love of creative work and the building's extravagant shape was born spontaneously from a lively discussion they had while travelling on a Dalmation ferry travelling between Split and Hvar. In a restaurant soon afterwards, Rusan sketched his idea on a yellow serviette. The drawing of the crystal shape was done in minutes. It could have looked any number of ways, but both men were happy with the form which answered Skira's aesthetic demands and turned Rusan into a sort of couturier. Wild, angled and eccentric, his design was a gown for "a true woman", a dress for a diva. Rusan now counts Lumenart among his favourite projects.

The crystal form demonstrates Rusan's architectural philosophy. He approaches every building task with relish, generating creative solutions with inspiration and a sense of artistic freedom. To turn the idea into the required geometric shapes was not easy, but the friends pulled it off. Light is a metaphor for energy. Lumenart suggests that the physical characteristics of light refraction made manifest and magnified by the geometric arrangement of structures - core/ cube and skin/crystal. This wild diva plays homage to an eccentric client and an innovative lighting designer.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 戴安·斯基拉，流明藝術/Dean Skira, Lumenart

建設周期/Construction Period: 2005 - 2012

使用面積/Usable Floor Area: 665m2

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 公司總部/Company headquarters

用磚類型/Brick Type: 粘土磚/Clay blocks

攝影/Photos: Wienerberger AG/Damir Fabijanic

2 外景/Exterior view

3 夜景/Night view

評論

張雷：這是一幢位于克羅地亞普拉的照明公司的辦公樓，它的中心是普通的磚和混凝土結構，室外和室內則與中心空間結構相對獨立，不反應建造邏輯而有其自主的特性。在地中海強烈的陽光下，深凹的窗洞形成深邃的陰影，其平面類似歐洲厚重的傳統(tǒng)砌筑結構，但超白、超厚的不規(guī)則水晶體造型則表達了其反傳統(tǒng)的獨特標志性，而所有這一切都是在簡單的建造技術和嚴格控制的造價下實現的。

鮑威：此案在現代主義方盒子基礎上包裹了一個粘土塊構成的厚墻系統(tǒng)。有別于傳統(tǒng)石材（如中世紀防御型建筑的洞口）或者現代的混凝土（如柯布的朗鄉(xiāng)教堂的采光窗），此厚墻系統(tǒng)獨立于結構系統(tǒng)而存在。如同文丘里的“鴨子”，只不過具象的寫實變?yōu)樽杂山ㄖ误w的抽象表達，營造了立面上戲劇性的光影效果。由于脫離了結構的束縛，在獲得充分表現力的同時，具有偽裝的欺騙性。

Comments

ZHang Lei: This is an office building for a lighting company located in Pula, Croatia. It has a simple core of brick and concrete. Its interior and exterior space are autonomous parts, independent from its core and not reflective of its construction logic. Deeply carved windows create shadow under the strong Mediterranean sunlight. Its plan is easily reminiscent of traditional European masonry structures. But the white, thick and irregular crystal shape is purposefully unique, a symbol of invention rather than tradition. Everything is realized using simple construction technology and strict cost control.

BaO Wei: This project is best identified as a clay block poche system wrapped around a modern brick box. However, as opposed to traditional stone material used in medieval defensive structures or the modern concrete in Le Corbusier's Chapel de Ronchamp, this system is independent of the main building structure. When compared to Venturi's duck, it's clear it is abstract architectural expression rather than a literal quotation. It is liberated from structural constraints and achieves unprecedented formal freedom but may yet be deceptive.

4 外景/Exterior view

4

Wienerberger Special Prize Winner: Lumenart - House of Light, Pula, Croatia, 2012

Architects: Rusan arhitektura

5 入口/Entrance

6 剖面/Section

7 平面/Floor plan

8 內景/Interior view

10 夜景/Night view

9 平面/Floor plan