建筑設(shè)計(jì)：So189

城市填充獎(jiǎng)：古代屠宰場(chǎng)里的烹飪學(xué)校，錫多尼亞城，加的斯省，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：So189

1 夜景/Night view

有時(shí)不生為牛身是件幸運(yùn)的事。因?yàn)榕Ｈ涸谶@素凈的環(huán)境中會(huì)感到無(wú)所適從——而這正是本獲獎(jiǎng)作品的特色——事實(shí)上，魯維亞萊斯街上這個(gè)優(yōu)美的建筑組群直到1970年代還是一座屠宰場(chǎng)。19世紀(jì)早期組群的外墻刷白，內(nèi)部是粗獷的素磚和砂漿。如今可愛(ài)的內(nèi)院，曾經(jīng)卻是屠夫?qū)D作一團(tuán)的裂蹄動(dòng)物變?yōu)榕０呛腿馄牡胤健?/p>

不過(guò)，這些駭牛聽(tīng)聞的故事已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)去。近40年來(lái)，加的斯省錫多尼亞城郊的這座建筑一直無(wú)人居住，是市里的倉(cāng)庫(kù)?，F(xiàn)在這座歷史建筑是一所職業(yè)烹飪學(xué)校，把就業(yè)青年培訓(xùn)成廚師和助廚。

“對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，保留這座建筑原始的古樸氣息是十分重要的，”塞維利亞的So189建筑事務(wù)所的胡安霍·洛佩斯·德拉克魯斯說(shuō)道?！斑@就是我們?yōu)槭裁匆捎煤?jiǎn)單、粗糙的建筑材料，并盡可能將結(jié)構(gòu)還原到最初的狀態(tài)。”古老的筒拱被封好，再用傳統(tǒng)的工藝抹灰。舊屋頂只有在教室需要采光時(shí)才改用鋼筋混凝土。高高低低的梯形屋頂有如棱角分明的山巒，在古老的墻面上連綿起伏。北面的玻璃窗為室內(nèi)帶來(lái)柔和的漫射光。

屋頂沒(méi)有采用傳統(tǒng)的羅馬陶瓦，而是海墁釉面瓦，使得紅紅的屋頂在這座山城隨處可見(jiàn)?！斑@個(gè)屋頂是整個(gè)項(xiàng)目中惟一的現(xiàn)代建筑元素——即便你走在街上也可以看出來(lái)，”胡安霍·洛佩斯·德拉克魯斯說(shuō)道?！霸谖覀兛磥?lái)，百分百的古建復(fù)原并不合適。當(dāng)代特征可以、也必須以某種方式加以體現(xiàn)。”不過(guò)這個(gè)復(fù)興項(xiàng)目也遇到了許多技術(shù)問(wèn)題。由于有松軟的沉積物和明顯的地面侵蝕，古城中心的建筑每年都會(huì)向山谷滑動(dòng)幾毫米。因此，整個(gè)建筑組群在施工前都要用夯入地下的微型錨和微型樁固定。

這些獨(dú)具匠心的設(shè)計(jì)為鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)廢棄的老建筑賦予了獨(dú)特的價(jià)值。白墻和粘土瓦屋頂讓加的斯地區(qū)的“白色村莊”成為全歐洲的旅游勝地，而正是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為他們?cè)鎏砹嘶匚稛o(wú)窮的意蘊(yùn)。（尚晉 譯）

It's good not to be a cow sometimes. Cattle might have difficulties mustering the unbiased neutrality called for when visiting this awardwinning project, in light of the fact that, up until the seventies, the beautiful building ensemble on Calle Rubiales was a slaughterhouse. The outer walls of the early-19th-century complex were whitewashed, its interior dominated by the raw ambience of bare brick and mortar. In the now lovely inner courtyards, cloven-hoofed creatures once stood packed together moments before butchers transformed them into bistec and escalope.

This bovine horror story, though, is long past. For almost 40 years, the property on the edge of the small town of Medina-Sidonia in the province of Cádiz stood unoccupied and was used as a municipal dump. Now its historical rooms house a professional cookery school, in which unemployed young people are training as chefs and kitchen assistants.

"It was very important to us to preserve the original, archaic atmosphere of this building," says Juanjo López de la Cruz of the Seville-based architecture firm So189. "That is why we worked with very simple, coarse building materials, and why we restored the structure to its original condition wherever possible and practical." The old barrel vaults were sealed and rendered in the traditional manner. The old roof was replaced by new reinforced concrete construction only where it was necessary to provide the classrooms with appropriate lighting. The trapezoid-shaped roofs of varying height appear to float above the old walls like an angular architectural mountain range. Glazing on their north sides channels the diffuse northern light into the interior.

Instead of traditional Roman clay roof tiles, the entire roof scape is covered in flat, glazed facing bricks laid in a bond. Glimpses of the red surface can be gleaned from various points in the hilly town. "The roof is the only element of the entire project where you can tell even from the street that you're looking at modern, contemporary architecture," says Juanjo López de la Cruz. "In our opinion, a one hundred per cent historical reconstruction of the original would not have been appropriate. The present can and must be allowed to make itself felt in some way." The revitalisation presented a number of technical challenges. Because of the loose sediment and significant associated ground erosion, the buildings of the historic town centre slide down towards the valley by a few millimetres every year.The entire building complex had to be secured with micro anchors and micro-stakes that were rammed into the ground before construction began.

The result of these painstaking and highly sensitive efforts is a valuable contribution to the treatment of old, disused structures in rural areas. With their whitewashed walls and clay tile roofs, the Pueblos Blancos or "white villages" of the Cádiz region attract tourists from all over Europe. This project could well give them a subtle, lasting boost in popularity.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶(hù)/Client: 二十一鑄就未來(lái)基金會(huì)/Fundación Forja XXI

建設(shè)周期/Construction Period: 2009 - 2011

使用面積/Usable Floor Area: 751m2

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 烹飪學(xué)校/Cooking school

用磚類(lèi)型/Brick Type: 面磚，釉面磚/Facing bricks, glazed facing bricks

攝影/Photos: Wienerberger AG/Fernando Alda

2 草圖/Sketch

3 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)委評(píng)語(yǔ)

帕沃爾·帕納可（斯洛伐克）：我們將這個(gè)屠宰場(chǎng)改造的烹飪學(xué)校評(píng)為“城市填充”類(lèi)的獲獎(jiǎng)作品是這樣考慮的：從空間組織和材料上看，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目吸收了大量的當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)，又用非?，F(xiàn)代的手法加以表現(xiàn)。學(xué)校的陶屋頂以傳統(tǒng)而并非懷舊的形式豐富了小鎮(zhèn)的天際線(xiàn)。這是該項(xiàng)目最顯著的特色。與眾不同的是，它在所有的垂直面、水平面和坡面上只用了一種磚和一種瓦。這就賦予了建筑一種獨(dú)特的紀(jì)念性——堅(jiān)固如雕塑，動(dòng)人如詩(shī)詞。（尚晉 譯）

Jury Statement

Pavol Paňák (Slovakia):As the winning project of the "Urban Infill" category, we have chosen the conversion of a former slaughterhouse into a cooking school. In the sense of its spatial organization and its materiality, the project is very much inspired by local tradition, but it deals with it in a very contemporary way. The way the ceramics are used on the roof of the school enriches the silhouette of the town in a traditional but nonsentimental manner. Those are the outstanding qualities of this project. Unusually, it uses just one type of brick and one type of tile for the vertical and sloping areas as well as the horizontal surfaces.This gives the building a sense of mono-materiality. It looks very strong in its appearance, almost like a statue; quite interesting, very convincing.

4 內(nèi)景/Interior view

5 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

6 剖面/Section

7 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

評(píng)論

胡越：我總是對(duì)舊建筑改造的項(xiàng)目比較感興趣。因?yàn)樗軌蚓徍同F(xiàn)代建筑與環(huán)境的沖突，同時(shí)又能給舊建筑帶來(lái)勃勃生機(jī)。烹飪學(xué)校這個(gè)項(xiàng)目再次印證了我的這種看法。在富有加的斯傳統(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)格的白墻的映襯下，充滿(mǎn)現(xiàn)代感的紅色屋頂顯得非常醒目，從遠(yuǎn)處望去，屋頂?shù)男问胶统叨劝盐盏梅浅：?，讓它在一片傳統(tǒng)的屋頂中顯得若即若離，恰到好處。這些屋頂實(shí)際上也是一組天窗，它給下面的廚房提供了充足的光線(xiàn)。

丁力揚(yáng)：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所在的西班牙歷史名城錫多尼亞古城的建筑普遍擁有類(lèi)似的釉色瓦屋面和白色墻面。在這座古老的屠宰場(chǎng)改造項(xiàng)目的屋頂處理上，建筑師在建筑的保留部分中沿用了傳統(tǒng)粘土瓦，而在擴(kuò)建部分則應(yīng)用了精心推敲出的梯形屋面板和深紅色釉面瓦，這種現(xiàn)代感強(qiáng)烈的幾何形體和材料層面的新舊對(duì)話(huà)，營(yíng)造出一種帶有微妙復(fù)雜性的統(tǒng)一狀態(tài)。如果站在相當(dāng)距離外和高度上觀(guān)察，我們可以體會(huì)到一種全新的錫多尼亞屋頂?shù)匦螌W(xué)。

Comments

HU Yue: I have always been more interested in building rehabilitation because these projects are able to ease the conflicts between modern architecture and the environment, and they also bring renewed vitality to old buildings. This cooking school project again confirms my opinion. While maintaining the rich Cadiz tradition of the whitewashed wall, the contemporary red roof is very eye catching, especially when viewed from a distance. The shape and the scale of the roof are very appropriate, making it ambiguous in the context of traditional roofs. In reality, it is actually an arrangement of skylights that gives the kitchen below ample light.

DING Liyang: Medina-Sidonia is a monumental historic town in Cadiz. Its houses are known for their ceramic clay tiles roof and their whitewashed walls. Like most of the town's architecture, white-painted wall surrounded the perimeter of the slaughterhouse site and now enclose both the new and old sections of the building. The original pitched roof is clad with traditional clay tiles, but the architect used modern flat ceramics to give a vibrant red to the asymmetrical gables that make up the roof of the extension. The strong convincing dialogue between geometry and materiality here creates coexisting continuity with subtle complexity. If we observe Medina-Sidonia from a distance, it seems to be a unique ceramic creation molded by the topography of Medina roofing.

8 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

10-12 內(nèi)景/Interior view

9 改造前平面/Plan before reconstruction

布倫特伍德六年制中學(xué)教學(xué)中心及禮堂, 布倫特伍德，埃塞克斯，英國(guó)

Brentwood School Sixth Form Centre & Assembly Hall, Brentwood, Essex, United Kingdom, 2011

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：科特雷爾&韋爾默朗建筑事務(wù)所Architects: Cottrell & Vermeulen Architecture

在埃塞克斯布倫特伍德一所獨(dú)立中學(xué)的校園里，一座由維多利亞時(shí)代的牧師宿舍改造而成的教學(xué)樓新增了兩翼。新的組群中有教室、辦公樓和附屬用房，此外還有布倫特伍德六年制中學(xué)的禮堂。新的設(shè)施將滿(mǎn)足國(guó)際中學(xué)畢業(yè)會(huì)考的教學(xué)條件。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目位于歷史保護(hù)建筑群中，因此在經(jīng)過(guò)了所有相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)和部門(mén)的嚴(yán)格審查后才得以批準(zhǔn)。建筑師與各方密切合作，形成了既尊重文脈、又能體現(xiàn)中學(xué)和城市前瞻姿態(tài)的設(shè)計(jì)概念。

建筑師把大膽美觀(guān)的磚飾作為設(shè)計(jì)成功的關(guān)鍵。這一靈感來(lái)源于牧師宿舍及周邊歷史建筑上的磚立面造型。兩座新樓采用了很高的環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括自然通風(fēng)、高性能保溫和節(jié)能地源熱泵。

新教室立面采用了兩種顏色的磚。這種對(duì)比和韻律一直延續(xù)到屋頂上。高大的太陽(yáng)能煙囪在實(shí)現(xiàn)自然通風(fēng)的同時(shí)，保持了與周?chē)ㄖ暮椭C。磚的圖案在教室內(nèi)也能看到，并與光滑的內(nèi)墻相映成趣。

牧師宿舍在全面翻新中重建了屋頂，露出了室內(nèi)的梁，使陽(yáng)光能從天窗射入。裝飾性的立面還用定制的磚進(jìn)行了復(fù)原。

禮堂與教學(xué)樓通過(guò)2層的玻璃橋相連。外墻面上裝飾著源自維多利亞建筑的菱形磚浮雕。首層上用兩種磚的對(duì)比構(gòu)成了同樣的平面圖案。整個(gè)建筑群有如磚的詩(shī)篇，又是這種材料在歷史保護(hù)區(qū)中的現(xiàn)代宣言。（尚晉 譯）

Wienerberger Brick Award 2014

1 外景/Exterior view 2 區(qū)位/Location

Cottrell and Vermeulen Architecture Brentwood School Location Plan

0 20m 40m 60m 80m 100m

A converted and refurbished former Victorian vicarage on the campus of an independent secondary school in Brentwood, Essex, was expanded with the addition of two new wings. The new complex now houses classrooms, administrative and ancillary rooms and auditorium and assembly hall for the sixth form of the Brentwood School. The new facilities will provide accommodation to cope with the shift to the International Baccalaureate curriculum.

The project is located within a group of historical listed buildings-the reason its approval was granted only after a rigorous review process by all relevant authorities and departments. The architects worked closely with the parties concerned to come up with a concept which was sensitive to context, but which represented both the school and the town in a new and forward-thinking manner.

The architects considered the bold use of ornate and decorative brickwork vital to the success of their design. They drew their inspiration for the artistically ornamented brickwork facade from the existing vicarage and other buildings in the vicinity. The two new interventions were built to high environmental standards and include natural ventilation, excellent thermal insulation and ground source heat pumps for energy conservation.

The facade of the new classroom block consists of two differently coloured bricks. The interplay of these contrasting bricks continues on to the roof. Substantial solar chimneys, similar to those in the adjacent buildings, support the natural ventilation approach. Their brick patterns can be seen inside the classrooms, where they contrast with the smooth interior walls.

The former vicarage was completely refurbished, its roof redone and the interior roof beams exposed, allowing daylight to stream into the building from skylights. The decorative facades were restored with custom-made bricks.

The assembly hall building is linked to the vicarage by a glass bridge on the first floor level. A brick facade with diamond diaper work in the dramatic relief familiar from old Victorian houses graces the exterior walls. On the ground floor a similar pattern is achieved in two dimensions using the contrasting colours of two types of brick. The whole building complex showcases the inventive use of brick and demonstrates that the material can be used to make a strong and simultaneously modern statement even in a historically listed district.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶(hù)/Client: 布倫特伍德中學(xué)/Brentwood School

建設(shè)周期/Construction Period: 2009 - 2011

使用面積/Usable Floor Area: 2375m2

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 中學(xué)教室，研學(xué)區(qū)和禮堂/ School classrooms, study areas and assembly hall

用磚類(lèi)型/Brick Type: 面磚/Facing bricks

攝影/Photos: Wienerberger AG/Paul Riddle (Fig.1,4,6,8), Tom Cronin (Fig.3)

3 外景/Exterior view

4 庭院/Courtyard

評(píng)論

范路：該項(xiàng)目是改造一座維多利亞式鄉(xiāng)村牧師住宅，并新加建兩個(gè)建筑體。兩個(gè)新建筑以獨(dú)特的形體和外墻磚表皮，很好地呼應(yīng)了周?chē)臍v史建筑，又充分表達(dá)了現(xiàn)代感。沿街的禮堂建筑清晰地分為上下兩個(gè)部分。沿街看去，其上半部分以連續(xù)的山墻屋頂回應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)住宅形體，下半部分則以水平屋頂統(tǒng)一首層多變的形體。在朝向庭院的一側(cè)，首層的連續(xù)落地窗和二層的玻璃廊橋進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了禮堂體塊的水平劃分?？亢蟮慕淌医ㄖt表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)屋頂墻面渾然一體的形體。凸出坡屋頂?shù)耐L(fēng)豎井體塊，呼應(yīng)了原有住宅的煙囪。對(duì)這兩個(gè)新建筑而言，表皮上的菱形圖案成為了表達(dá)文脈的重點(diǎn)。教室建筑滿(mǎn)鋪紅色磚瓦，其間規(guī)則點(diǎn)綴的深褐色磚，含蓄地形成了菱形圖案。講堂建筑對(duì)菱形圖案的表達(dá)則更為清晰。其上半部以淺浮雕形式拼出了圖案；下半部分則以紅色和深褐色兩種磚形成清晰圖案。在場(chǎng)地的圍墻設(shè)計(jì)中，建筑師則用鏤空的菱形進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題。

陸翔：用什么將新建筑錨固在歷史建筑的周邊？學(xué)校新建部分比較顯見(jiàn)的回應(yīng)是使用了具有延續(xù)性的材料——磚，并使用了當(dāng)?shù)氐钠鲋D案,但更為根本的是在尺度、比例和形態(tài)上的相關(guān)性：新建筑的屋頂被劃分為若干與老房子的屋頂尺度、斜度相近的部分，以化解新建筑在體量上比老建筑大很多的矛盾；部分開(kāi)窗采用了與老房子相近的豎條窗；突出屋面的通風(fēng)豎井明顯與老房子的煙囪產(chǎn)生對(duì)話(huà)。

5 磚瓦圖案展開(kāi)示意/Unfolded brick and tile pattern

6 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

Comments

FAN Lu: The Brentwood School Sixth Form Centre & Assembly Hall project comprises the refurbishment of a Victorian vicarage and the addition of two new wings. With its unique volumes and imaginative use of brick in its facades, these two new buildings created a decent and modern statement within a complex planning and conservation environment. The assembly hall building along the street can be read as the clear combination of upper and lower parts. From the street side, the upper part of the block responded to the vicarage volume with its continuous gable roofs, while a variety of forms in the lower part were unified by a flat roof element. From the courtyard side, continuous French windows and a modern glass bridge further emphasizes the horizontal division. The classroom block unites the roofs and facades. The small volumes protruding from roofs serve as ventilation elements and respond to the chimneys of the vicarage. For these two new buildings, the diaper pattern of their envelopes has a strong role in fitting them to their context. At the classroom block, red brick occupies most of the facades and, dotted with dark brown bricks, creates another pattern. In assembly hall block, the diaper pattern is clearly spelled out on the upper part, and represented by two differently colored bricks below. Even at the porous enclosure of the site, the diaper pattern is a motif.

LU Xiang: How to anchor a new building to a historical context? At this newly converted school the answer is through the use of bricks: a material and pattern in continuity with tradition. Yet anchoring is also done through scale, proportion and form. The roofs of the new wings have been divided so as to have a similar scale and slope as the old parts. New windows adopt a style of vertical openings similar to the old. Even the new ventilation systems strive to be in dialogue with the old chimneys. Everywhere energy and attention is lavished on creating a coherent dialog between the old and new.

Category Winner in Urban Infill: Cooking School in Ancient Slaughterhouse, Medina Sidonia, Cádiz, Spain, 2011

Architects: So189

7 平面/Floor plan

8 庭院/Courtyard