∷曾泰元
《牛津英語詞典》(The Oxford English Dictionary)依歷史原則編纂,是英語世界最大、最權威的英語詞典。自2010年底整合資源,更新條目、定義與書證后,以在線版的形態(tài)重新問世。在線版的《牛津英語詞典》收錄了300個左右源自中文的詞匯,或音譯(loanword)或借譯(loan translation)。
從2013年第8期開始,作者每期介紹兩條,照登《牛津英語詞典》的定義并加以翻譯,解釋其詞源,挑選精當的書證,以英漢雙語的方式呈現。
【詞源】[ < Chinesegānbēi: gānempty, dry +bēicup ] 源自中文“干杯”
【定義】n. A Chinese drinking-toast, a call to drain one’s glass. Also asv. intr. andtrans., to drink (as) a toast. 中國式的祝酒,要人喝干杯中酒所說的話。亦作不及物動詞和及物動詞
【書證】
One of the cordial customs in China is to ganbei a Maotai—to down in one dash a glass of the country’s famous
colourless wheat-based liquor. 在中國,一個表示友好的習俗是把茅臺給干了──也就是一口氣喝下一杯中國知名的、以小麥為原料的白酒。──澳大利亞《信使報》(Courier-Mail),1976/7/7
Many ganbei, or toasts, drunk with mao-tai whisky,
cloyingly sweet orange soda or cool, refreshing Chinese beer were raised. 很多人舉杯喊“干了”(即祝酒),喝的是類似威士忌的茅臺、甜的發(fā)膩的橙子汽水、還有清涼爽口的中國啤酒。──《時代雜志》(Time),1987/4/13
【詞源】[ < Chineseqípáo(Wade-Giles transcriptionch’ip’ao), lit. ‘banner dress’ The dress was so called with reference to the Manchu people who ruled China during the Qing dynasty: they were organized into groups designated by different coloured banners,and consequently the termqírén‘bannermen’became a way to refer to Manchus. The one-piece garment was characteristic of Manchu dress, as distinct from the two-piece styles used by Han Chinese women. 這種婦女服飾得名自清朝統(tǒng)治中國的滿族。滿族人民依不同顏色的旗幟而分類編制,因此“旗人”這個說法便用來指稱滿族。這種連身的衣服是滿族婦女的特色服飾,有別于漢族婦女所穿的兩截式風格。 【定義】n. A type of dress traditionally worn by Chinese women, typically having a high mandarin collar, a split skirt, and a fitted bodice with an asymmetrical closure extending from the neck to the right underarm; = cheongsam一種中國婦女所穿的傳統(tǒng)連衣裙,一般為直領,裙擺開衩,腰部以上合身,開襟不對稱,由領口開到右側腋下。亦作cheongsam 【書證】 When she struts about the stage.., her tight- fitting Chinese ‘qipao’, slit to the hip, flares open to reveal slender legs. 她在臺上昂首闊步,身上穿著開衩至臀部的緊身旗袍,展露出修長的雙腿。──《紐約時報》(The New York Times),1984/1/30 During a break, Madam Fu changes quickly into a navy blue qipao tastefully complemented with a peach apron. 休息時,傅夫人立即換上一件深藍色的旗袍,搭配一條桃色的圍裙,雅致而有品位。──新加坡《海峽時報》(The Strait Times),1992/10/20