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生存素下調(diào)多藥耐藥蛋白增強人鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株對紫杉醇敏感性的研究

2014-04-10 16:24楊寧朱樂攀譚潭
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報 2014年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:紫杉醇鼻咽癌耐藥性

楊寧+朱樂攀+譚潭+等

楊 寧1 朱樂攀2 譚 潭2 侯春燕1

1.湖南省郴州市第一人民醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,湖南郴州 423000;

2.湖南省郴州市第一人民醫(yī)院檢驗科,湖南郴州 423000

[摘要] 目的 研究生存素(Survivin)下調(diào)多藥耐藥蛋白(MRP)的表達(dá)與鼻咽癌紫杉醇(PTX)耐藥性關(guān)系,探討鼻咽癌PTX耐藥的分子機(jī)制。 方法 采用免疫組化檢測Survivin和MRP在42例鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者與24例PTX非耐藥患者中的表達(dá);采用濃度遞增法持續(xù)誘導(dǎo)建立鼻咽癌化療耐藥細(xì)胞株5-8F-PTX(+),繪制細(xì)胞生長曲線,測定細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間,檢測腫瘤細(xì)胞的周期分布;采用siRNA技術(shù)干擾5-8F-PTX(+)中Survivin的表達(dá)后,Western blot法檢測Survivin和MRP表達(dá)變化,MTT檢測不同抗腫瘤藥物PTX、順鉑(cDDP)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、長春新堿(VCR)耐藥敏感性的變化。 結(jié)果 Survivin在鼻咽癌化療耐藥患者中陽性表達(dá)率為83.3%,明顯高于非耐藥患者(41.7%),差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);MRP在鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者中表達(dá)陽性率為88.1%,明顯高于非耐藥患者(37.5%),差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。5-8F-PTX(+)較5-8F的細(xì)胞生長速度明顯減慢,5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為21 h,親本5-8F細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為15 h;5-8F-PTX(+)的G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比[(23.1±1.3)%]顯著高于親本5-8F細(xì)胞[(13.5±0.9)%];Survivin和MRP在PTX耐藥細(xì)胞株5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá)水平明顯高于非耐藥的5-8F,siRNA干擾5-8F-PTX(+)中Survivin的表達(dá)后,Survivin和MRP表達(dá)明顯下調(diào),PTX、cDDP、5-FU、VCR耐在siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)中的IC50值不同程度地下降。 結(jié)論 Survivin可通過下調(diào)MRP的表達(dá)增強鼻咽癌細(xì)胞對PTX的敏感性。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 鼻咽癌;紫杉醇;耐藥性;生存素;多藥耐藥相關(guān)蛋白

[中圖分類號] R739 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)03(b)-0009-06

The study of Survivin increase drug sensitivity to Paclitaxel in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line by down regulate MRP expression

YANG Ning1 ZHU Lepan2 TAN Tan2 HOU Chunyan1

1.Department of ENT, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hu'nan Province, Chenzhou 423000, China; 2.Department of Inspection, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Hu'nan Province, Chenzhou 423000, China

[Abstract] Objective To find the relationship among Survivin and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and drug resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to explore the mechanism of drug resitance to Paclitaxel (PTX) in NPC. Methods Expression of Survivin and MRP were detected by immunohistochemistry method in 42 cases of NPC patients with Paclitaxel resistance and 24 cases of NPC patients without Paclitaxel resistance. The Paclitaxel resistance cell line, 5-8F-PTX (+) was established by a step-increased method. The curve of growth were drew and the doubling time were detected, and the distribution of cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry in 5-8F-PTX (+) and 5-8F. The expression of Survivin and MRP were detected by western blot after siRNA to 5-8F-PTX (+), the drug sensitivity of various kinds of antitumor drug, such as Paclitaxel, cDDP, 5-FU and Vincristine were detected by MTT method. Results The positive of survivin were 83.3% in NPC patients with Paclitaxel resistance and significant high than that of NPC patients without Paclitaxel resistance (41.7%), the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01); the positive of MRP was 88.1% in NPC patients with Paclitaxel resistance and significant high than that of NPC patients without Paclitaxel resistance (37.5%), the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The growth velocity decreased more obviously in 5-8F-PTX (+) than 5-8F, and the doubling time were 21 h in 5-8F-PTX (+) and 15 h in parent 5-8F. The ratio of G2/M cell cycle [(23.1±1.3)%] in 5-8F-PTX (+) was higher than that in 5-8F [(13.5±0.9)%]. The expression of Survivin and MRP were higher in 5-8F-PTX (+) than those in 5-8F. After siRNA treatment, expression of Survivin and MRP were obviously down regulated in siRNA-5-8F-PTX (+) than 5-8F-PTX (+) and 5-8F-PTX (+)-empty vector. The IC50 of Paclitaxel, cDDP, 5-FU and Vincristine were significantly down regulated in siRNA-5-8F-PTX (+) than 5-8F-PTX (+). Conclusion Decreasing of survivin expression can down regulate the expression of MRP and result into increase of drug sensitivity to Paclitaxel in NPC.

[Key words] NPC; Paclitaxel; Drug resistance; Survivin; MRP

鼻咽癌(NPC)是頭頸部腫瘤中常見的惡性腫瘤,在中國南方其發(fā)病率居世界首位[1]。臨床上,鼻咽癌確診時往往已經(jīng)到了晚期,其臨床治療方式是放療和化療相結(jié)合的方法,其臨床療效比較差,其5年無病生存率小于60%,化療耐藥的產(chǎn)生是鼻咽癌化療失敗的主要原因之一[2]。紫杉醇(PTX)是臨床上鼻咽癌化療的主要首選藥物之一。臨床上出現(xiàn)PTX耐藥現(xiàn)象,是其臨床治療障礙主要原因之一[3]。目前,鼻咽癌通過PTX化療后產(chǎn)生耐藥性的分子機(jī)制并不清楚。腫瘤的多藥耐藥(multi-drug resistance,MDR)的本質(zhì)是腫瘤細(xì)胞面對化療藥物時所建立起來的一種自我保護(hù)程序,通常會導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤的治療失敗[4]。MDR與多藥耐藥蛋白(MRP)關(guān)系是腫瘤耐藥研究當(dāng)中的重點,許多腫瘤中出現(xiàn)MDR現(xiàn)象大多數(shù)與MRP表達(dá)增高有關(guān)[5]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),許多惡性腫瘤組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)有生存素(Survivin)的表達(dá)增高;Survivin與腫瘤細(xì)胞的化療耐藥性有關(guān)[6]。本研究通過研究Survivin和MRP之間的關(guān)系及其與鼻咽癌PTX耐藥的關(guān)系,為臨床上鼻咽癌PTX耐藥的靶向逆轉(zhuǎn)治療提供實驗支持。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2010~2012年郴州市第一人民醫(yī)院耳鼻喉?科66例鼻咽癌PTX治療患者為研究對象,患者臨床化療方案為:PTX:135 mg/m2,1次/d,共1 d;順鉑(cDDP)30 mg/m2,共3 d。化療后根據(jù)患者是否PTX耐藥分為鼻咽癌PTX耐藥42例和鼻咽癌PTX非耐藥患者24例,PTX臨床耐藥判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):化療前和化療結(jié)束后第3天對患者的腫瘤部位進(jìn)行CT檢查,通過電腦軟件測量腫塊的體積,體積無明顯改變或變大者為PTX耐藥患者,體積明顯縮小為治療有效(PTX非耐藥)患者。

1.2 主要試劑

蘇木精、S-P即用型免疫組化試劑盒和DAB顯色劑(福州邁新公司),小牛血清(杭州四季青公司),RPMI1640培基(美國GIBCO公司),鼠抗人Survivin抗體、鼠抗人β-actin抗體、Lipofectamine2000(美國Santa cruz公司),羊抗鼠二抗(美國Invitrogen公司),PTX注射劑(四川太極制藥公司),cDDP干粉劑、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)(山東齊魯制藥廠),長春新堿(VCR)(北京賽科藥業(yè)公司)。

1.3 實驗方法

1.3.1 免疫組織化學(xué) 免疫組織化學(xué)染色采用S-P法,具體步驟按照試劑說明書操作。

1.3.2 紫杉醇鼻咽癌耐藥細(xì)胞株的建立 從-80℃凍存罐中取出人鼻咽癌細(xì)胞,立即置于37℃的恒溫水浴中解凍后,離心,棄上清液。加入10倍體積的培養(yǎng)基,離心,棄上清液,重復(fù)用培養(yǎng)基洗滌1次。加入含15%小牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行復(fù)蘇,等細(xì)胞生長到80%匯合度時,及時進(jìn)行細(xì)胞傳代。對傳代的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行藥物濃度遞增法持續(xù)誘導(dǎo),PTX注射劑(規(guī)格:5 mL,30 mg/支)。設(shè)置不同的濃度梯度:0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 μmol/mL。經(jīng)過1個月左右的觀察和反復(fù)實驗,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)濃度為1.0 μmol/mL時,5-8F細(xì)胞的死亡細(xì)胞占一半左右,同時細(xì)胞具有較好的生長,不會造成鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的全部死亡,選擇1.0 μmol/mL進(jìn)行持續(xù)性篩選1個月后,得到了鼻咽癌PTX的耐藥細(xì)胞株5-8F-PTX(+)。

1.3.3 細(xì)胞生長曲線繪制和倍增時間計算 分別收集處于對數(shù)生長期的鼻咽癌細(xì)胞,用0.1%的胰酶消化后,用玻璃吸管多次吹打后制成單細(xì)胞懸液。常規(guī)接種培養(yǎng)于24孔板中,每孔中加入l mL含10%小牛血清的培養(yǎng)基,最后調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為104/mL。每24 h用胰酶消化后收集其中3孔的細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計數(shù),連續(xù)7 d,以日期作為X軸,細(xì)胞計數(shù)作為Y軸,繪出鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株的生長曲線。細(xì)胞倍增時間測定[7]:按以下公式計算不同鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株生長的倍增時間,公式如下:倍增時間(DT)=t×[lg2/(lgNt-lgNo)])。t為細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)時間,No為第1天細(xì)胞數(shù)(接種細(xì)胞24 h后),Nt為t d后細(xì)胞數(shù)。

1.3.4 細(xì)胞周期測定 分別取對數(shù)生長期的不同鼻咽癌耐藥細(xì)胞株,常規(guī)消化制成單細(xì)胞懸液。收集約l×106個細(xì)胞,1000 r/min離心5 min,吸棄上清,用PBS溶液清洗1次,加入70%冰上冷卻的乙醇5 mL混勻固定,加入到EP管密封,送南華大學(xué)流式細(xì)胞中心進(jìn)行細(xì)胞周期檢測分析。

1.3.5 siRNA及轉(zhuǎn)染實驗 從GenBank查詢Survivin和MRP的mRNA序列,由上海生物工程公司設(shè)計并合成Survivin的siRNA序列:正義:5'-CTCAAGGACCACCGCATCTC-3';反義:5'-AAAGCGAACCGGACGAATG-3'。采用脂質(zhì)體(Lipofectamine 2000)轉(zhuǎn)染方法將Survivin的干擾載體(pSilencer 4.1-CMV)和空白載體(empty vector)分別轉(zhuǎn)染到鼻咽癌PTX耐藥細(xì)胞系5-8F-PTX(+),再通過G418篩選2周左右,可以獲得siRNA干擾載體真正轉(zhuǎn)染成功的陽性單克隆進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,Western blot方法確定轉(zhuǎn)染效率后再用于后續(xù)實驗,本研究獲得了Survivin的siRNA干擾細(xì)胞系siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)和5-8F-PTX-empty vector(空白載體對照)。

1.3.6 Western blot 首先分別用刮子刮取收集不同的鼻咽癌細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞數(shù)量一般為1×108個。裂解樣品,離心收集總蛋白,制備樣品,測定蛋白濃度;蛋白樣品首先需要通過加熱對蛋白進(jìn)行變性后,將樣品置于冰上,冷卻5 min,待其溫度恢復(fù)到室溫后進(jìn)行凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE),電壓為100 V,分離蛋白條帶直至凝膠底部;將含有蛋白的凝膠置于兩層PVDF膜之間,用夾板加壓固定后進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)膜,設(shè)置條件如下:電壓100 V,轉(zhuǎn)膜時間約60 min,轉(zhuǎn)膜后的PVDF膜放入平板皿中,加入麗春紅染色3~5 min,將膜放入平板皿中,加足夠的新鮮配置的5%脫脂牛奶進(jìn)行封閉約2 h。在一次性雜交袋中加入適量的封閉液,加入一抗(濃度調(diào)整為1∶1000),室溫?fù)u晃2 h,剪開雜交袋,用吸管吸去封閉液和其中的一抗,用適量的TBST漂洗PVDF膜3次×10 min;往雜交袋中先后加入適量封閉液和二抗,使二抗的最后濃度為1∶1000,室溫下雜交袋放置在搖床上2 h;最后ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測:在暗室中,將PVDF膜壓在醫(yī)用X線片上,曝光1 min,再將X線片進(jìn)行顯影,定影,洗片,掃描。

1.3.7 IC50值的檢測及計算方法 調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為l×105/mL。在96孔板的每孔中均加入100 μL的待檢測細(xì)胞、100 μL的培養(yǎng)基和不同濃度的抗腫瘤藥物:PTX、cDDP、VCR和5-FU,總體積200 μL。每組設(shè)5個濃度(試驗組)和1個空白對照組,72 h后,加入10 mg/mL的MTT 15 μL,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h。再加入200 μL的二甲基亞砜,570 nm波長檢測吸光度(OD值)。IC50的計算方法:藥物的抑制率=1-(試驗組的OD值/空白對照組的OD值),以X軸表示藥物濃度,Y軸表示藥物抑制率,繪制生長曲線,繪圖得到各個藥物的IC50值,計算各個藥物的耐藥指數(shù)(RI)=實驗組IC50值/空白對照組IC50值。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 生存素在鼻咽癌化療耐藥患者與非耐藥患者中的表達(dá)

Survivin在鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者中表達(dá)陽性率為83.3%,明顯高于非耐藥患者(41.7%),兩者相比差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見表1。

表1 生存素在鼻咽癌紫杉醇耐藥患者與非耐藥患者中的表達(dá)[n(%)]

注:與PTX非耐藥比較,χ2 = 12.222,*P = 0.000;PTX:紫杉醇

2.2 多藥耐藥蛋白在鼻咽癌紫杉醇耐藥患者與非耐藥患者中的表達(dá)

MRP在鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者中表達(dá)陽性率為88.1%,明顯高于非耐藥患者(37.5%),兩者相比差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見表2。

表2 多藥耐藥蛋白在鼻咽癌紫杉醇耐藥患者與非耐藥患者中的

表達(dá)情況[n(%)]

注:與PTX非耐藥比較,χ2 = 18.511,*P = 0.000;PTX:紫杉醇

2.3 親本5-8F和紫杉醇耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)的細(xì)胞生長曲線和倍增時間比較

繪制兩個細(xì)胞株:親本5-8F和PTX耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)的生長曲線,發(fā)現(xiàn)5-8F-PTX(+)較5-8F的細(xì)胞生長速度明顯減慢,5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為21 h,親本5-8F細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為15 h。見圖1。

圖1 親本5-8F和紫杉醇耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞株的細(xì)胞生長曲線

2.4 親本5-8F和耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞周期檢測

運用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測親本5-8F和耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)的細(xì)胞周期分布,5-8F-PTX(+)的G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比[(23.1±1.3)%]顯著高于親本5-8F細(xì)胞的G2/M期的比例[(13.5±0.9)%],兩者比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);而兩個細(xì)胞株的G0/G1、S期細(xì)胞比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P > 0.05)。見圖2、表3。

A:5-8F-PTX(+);B:5-8F

圖2 親本5-8F和耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞株的細(xì)胞周期分布

表3 5-8F-PTX(+)和5-8F的細(xì)胞周期(%,x±s)

注:與5-8F比較,*P < 0.05

2.5 生存素和多藥耐藥蛋白在鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá)情況

Survivin和MRP在5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá)均明顯高于5-8F細(xì)胞株,siRNA干擾5-8F-PTX(+)中Survivin的表達(dá)后,siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)中MRP表達(dá)較5-8F-PTX(+)和5-8F-PTX-empty vector(空白載體對照)均明顯下調(diào),說明Survivin可下調(diào)MRP的表達(dá)。見圖3。

MRP:生存素;MRP:多藥耐藥蛋白

圖3 生存素和多藥耐藥蛋白在不同鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株中

及siRNA干擾后表達(dá)

2.6 不同藥物在5-8F-PTX(+)和siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)的IC50值及耐藥指數(shù)

PTX、cDDP、5-FU、VCR耐在siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)的IC50值不同程度的下降。說明Survivin下調(diào)MRP的表達(dá)后,能不同程度地增加PTX、cDDP、5-FU、VCR對鼻咽癌細(xì)胞系的藥物敏感性。見表4。

表4 不同藥物在5-8F-PTX(+)和siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)的IC50值及耐藥指數(shù)

注:PTX:紫杉醇;cDDP:順鉑;VCR:長春新堿;5-FU:5-氟尿嘧啶;RI:耐藥指數(shù)

3 討論

Survivin凋亡抑制基因定位在染色體17q25,編碼的蛋白質(zhì)的分子量為16.5 kD,其基因編碼序列中含4個外顯子和3個內(nèi)含子。Survivin是一種主要的凋亡抑制類蛋白,它是目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)的效果最強的凋亡抑制因子,具有高度的組織特異性和強大的細(xì)胞抗凋亡活性[8]。一直以來,Survivin與腫瘤的關(guān)系都是科學(xué)家們研究的熱點和重點,Survivin在細(xì)胞周期的不同階段起著不同的作用。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Survivin在不同的細(xì)胞周期時期其表達(dá)水平不一樣,其表達(dá)水平在G2/M期是G1和S期的40倍左右[9];研究發(fā)現(xiàn),p53可以通過抑制Survivin的表達(dá),從而導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡[10]。

Survivin在人類組織中的表達(dá)具有特異性,大多數(shù)的惡性腫瘤中Survivin的表達(dá)是明顯增高的[11]。有文獻(xiàn)報道,Survivin表達(dá)水平與有絲分裂周期相關(guān)[12],可能與其在不同的腫瘤組織中,進(jìn)行的轉(zhuǎn)錄后修飾的功能不同有關(guān),從而導(dǎo)致其表達(dá)在細(xì)胞有絲分裂的不同時期表達(dá)水平有顯著差異。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Survivin在鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者中表達(dá)明顯高于非耐藥患者,說明Survivin表達(dá)可能與鼻咽癌PTX耐藥有關(guān)。

PTX是臨床上常規(guī)使用的鼻咽癌化療一線藥物。PTX是一種四環(huán)二菇類化合物,它能特異性地結(jié)合到細(xì)胞內(nèi)的p-微管蛋白上,抑制微管解聚[12];具有抑制細(xì)胞有絲分裂、殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞的作用[13]。目前,臨床上越來越多的患者出現(xiàn)了PTX的MDR現(xiàn)象[14];由于MDR的出現(xiàn),導(dǎo)致同一種腫瘤對于不同的化療藥物產(chǎn)生耐藥性是臨床上化療失敗的重要原因。MRP能介導(dǎo)多種抗腫瘤藥物的轉(zhuǎn)運,它能將抗腫瘤藥物運輸?shù)桨?,使得胞?nèi)藥物的有效濃度降低,從而導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞耐藥[15]。Survivin與MRP的關(guān)系密切,有研究報道,MRP蛋白可與Survivin蛋白共同存在于肺癌組織中,可能參與腫瘤耐藥[16]。但鼻咽癌中有關(guān)Survivin與MRP表達(dá)關(guān)系的研究,目前尚未見報道。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Survivin和MRP在鼻咽癌PTX耐藥患者中的表達(dá)均明顯高于非耐藥患者,細(xì)胞學(xué)實驗也發(fā)現(xiàn),Survivin和MRP在耐藥細(xì)胞株5-8F-PTX(+)中的表達(dá)明顯高于其親本細(xì)胞株5-8F,說明Survivin和MRP表達(dá)增高與鼻咽癌PTX耐藥有密切關(guān)系。

有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),前列腺癌的耐藥細(xì)胞株對cDDP的耐藥性明顯增加與Survivin的過表達(dá)有關(guān),可以通過誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡,降低Survivin的表達(dá)來達(dá)到改善藥物耐藥的目的[17]。靶向Survivin治療具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。目前,以Survivin基因為靶點的基因治療僅在國外有少量報道,有人通過RNA干擾技術(shù)降低胃癌細(xì)胞株AGS中Survivin的表達(dá)水平后,可以有效地抑制胃癌細(xì)胞的增殖[18]。近年來,有學(xué)者將Survivin基因的野生型及其突變體分別轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)到前列腺癌細(xì)胞株中,導(dǎo)入野生型Survivin后,使得前列腺癌細(xì)胞對PTX產(chǎn)生了明顯的耐藥性,而導(dǎo)入Survivin的突變體后,由于其基因有磷酸化缺陷使野生型Survivin無法活化,從而增強了腫瘤細(xì)胞對PTX的化療敏感性[19-20]。

本研究通過濃度遞增法持續(xù)誘導(dǎo)建立耐藥細(xì)胞株獲得了鼻咽癌PTX耐藥細(xì)胞株,該細(xì)胞株具有耐藥性穩(wěn)定、所需要時間短等特點,通過生長曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn)5-8F-PTX(+)較親本5-8F的細(xì)胞生長速度明顯減慢,親本5-8F細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為15 h,而耐藥5-8F-PTX(+)細(xì)胞株細(xì)胞生長的倍增時間為21 h,PTX可以使細(xì)胞的有絲分裂停滯在中期,影響細(xì)胞的生長[21],可能是由于PTX誘導(dǎo)耐藥細(xì)胞內(nèi)與細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān)的基因發(fā)生了改變,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的生長周期發(fā)生阻滯。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),耐藥的腫瘤細(xì)胞中,G2/M期細(xì)胞增多,細(xì)胞生長較慢,原因可能與腫瘤細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期阻滯有關(guān)。處于G2/M期的細(xì)胞對放射治療比較敏感,提示放射治療可能對鼻咽癌的PTX耐藥具有較好逆轉(zhuǎn)的作用,這種細(xì)胞周期分布的改變可能與鼻咽癌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的PTX耐藥性有關(guān),值得深入研究。

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),siRNA處理后Survivin在siRNA-5-8F-PTX(+)中的表達(dá)明顯低于5-8F-PTX(+)和空白載體對照組,MRP表達(dá)也明顯下調(diào),Survivin下調(diào)MRP表達(dá)后能不同程度的增強PTX、cDDP、5-FU、VCR對鼻咽癌細(xì)胞系的藥物敏感性。說明下調(diào)Survivin可降低MRP蛋白表達(dá),增強鼻咽癌細(xì)胞對抗腫瘤藥物的敏感性,鼻咽癌對PTX耐藥的分子機(jī)制可能與Survivin調(diào)控MRP蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān)。靶向Survivin治療是一種比較理想的臨床上鼻咽癌耐藥逆轉(zhuǎn)治療的生物治療方法。

目前,對PTX的MDR分子機(jī)制的研究處于初步階段,PTX的MDR的產(chǎn)生涉及到的生物學(xué)過程十分復(fù)雜。近年來,有關(guān)Survivin靶向治療的研究報道越來越多,但相當(dāng)多研究都集中在基礎(chǔ)研究階段[21-22]。許多關(guān)鍵性的問題尚未闡明,如Survivin及其異構(gòu)體問題、其亞細(xì)胞定位問題、Survivin調(diào)控的信號通路等等,如何進(jìn)一步解決這些問題,是今后科研工作當(dāng)中值得研究的方向。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[2] Tebra S,Kallel A,Boussen H,et al. Medical treatment of nasopharyngeal cancers [J]. Tunis Med,2011,89(4):326-331.

[3] Luo SX,Deng WY,Wang XF,et al. Molecular mechanism of indirubin-3'-monoxime and Matrine in the reversal of paclitaxel resistance in NCI-H520/TAX25 cell line [J]. Chin Med J(Engl),2013,126(5):925-929.

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[6] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[7] Rius J. Patterson-function direct methods for structure determination of organic compounds from powder diffraction data [J]. Acta Crystallogr A,2011,67(Pt 1):63-67.

[8] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[9] Moniri JS,Gharechahi J,Hosseinpour FM,et al. Transcriptional expression analysis of survivin splice variants reveals differential expression of survivin-3α in breast cancer [J]. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(4):314-320.

[10] Hmeljak J,Erculj N,Dolzan V,et al. Is survivin expression prognostic or predictive in malignant pleural mesothelioma ? [J]. Virchows Arch,2013,462(3):315-321.

[11] Brustmann H,Hinterholzer S,Brunner A. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin and γ-H2AX in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and low-stage squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Gynecol Pathol,2011,30(6):583-590.

[12] Jacob NK,Cooley JV,Shirai K,et al. Survivin splice variants are not essential for mitotic progression or inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin and radiation [J]. Onco Targets Ther,2012,5:7-20.

[13] Hu W,Ding W,Yang H,et al. Weekly paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma [J]. Radiother Oncol,2009,93(3):488-491.

[14] Jiang D,Sui M,Zhong W,et al. Different administration strategies with paclitaxel induce distinct phenotypes of multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells [J]. Cancer Lett,2013,335(2):404-411.

[15] Zhou J,Zhao WY,Ma X,et al. The anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel liposomes modified with mitochondrial targeting conjugate in resistant lung cancer [J]. Biomaterials,2013, 34(14):3626-3638.

[16] 劉東華,章霞芝,陳興無,等.Survivin、MDR1、MRP在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2008, 23(2):126-129.

[17] Li Y,Tan BB,Zhao Q,et al. Tumor chemosensitivity is correlated with expression of multidrug resistance associated factors in variously differentiated gastric carcinoma tissues [J]. Hepato Gastroenterology,2013,60(121):213-216.

[18] Jang KJ,Han MH,Lee BH,et al. Induction of apoptosis by ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in human gastric carcinoma cells [J]. J Acupunct Meridian Stud,2010,3(1):24-31.

[19] 楊莉,胡禮儀,魏江,等.Survivin基因在急性白血病患者中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)刊,2012,14(2):293-294,301.

[20] Lee ST,Wong PF,He H,et al. Alpha-tomatine attenuation of in vivo growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumors of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells is accompanied by inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling [J]. PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57708.

[21] Li D,Zhang Y,Xie Y,et al. Enhanced tumor suppression by adenoviral PTEN gene therapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2013,20(4):251-259.

[22] 樊恒,宋甫春,包俊煒,等.凋亡抑制因子Survivin表達(dá)在大鼠重癥急性胰腺炎腎損傷中的作用[J].臨床肝膽病雜志,2012,28(8):603-605.

(收稿日期:2013-12-02 本文編輯:任 念)

[6] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[7] Rius J. Patterson-function direct methods for structure determination of organic compounds from powder diffraction data [J]. Acta Crystallogr A,2011,67(Pt 1):63-67.

[8] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[9] Moniri JS,Gharechahi J,Hosseinpour FM,et al. Transcriptional expression analysis of survivin splice variants reveals differential expression of survivin-3α in breast cancer [J]. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(4):314-320.

[10] Hmeljak J,Erculj N,Dolzan V,et al. Is survivin expression prognostic or predictive in malignant pleural mesothelioma ? [J]. Virchows Arch,2013,462(3):315-321.

[11] Brustmann H,Hinterholzer S,Brunner A. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin and γ-H2AX in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and low-stage squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Gynecol Pathol,2011,30(6):583-590.

[12] Jacob NK,Cooley JV,Shirai K,et al. Survivin splice variants are not essential for mitotic progression or inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin and radiation [J]. Onco Targets Ther,2012,5:7-20.

[13] Hu W,Ding W,Yang H,et al. Weekly paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma [J]. Radiother Oncol,2009,93(3):488-491.

[14] Jiang D,Sui M,Zhong W,et al. Different administration strategies with paclitaxel induce distinct phenotypes of multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells [J]. Cancer Lett,2013,335(2):404-411.

[15] Zhou J,Zhao WY,Ma X,et al. The anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel liposomes modified with mitochondrial targeting conjugate in resistant lung cancer [J]. Biomaterials,2013, 34(14):3626-3638.

[16] 劉東華,章霞芝,陳興無,等.Survivin、MDR1、MRP在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2008, 23(2):126-129.

[17] Li Y,Tan BB,Zhao Q,et al. Tumor chemosensitivity is correlated with expression of multidrug resistance associated factors in variously differentiated gastric carcinoma tissues [J]. Hepato Gastroenterology,2013,60(121):213-216.

[18] Jang KJ,Han MH,Lee BH,et al. Induction of apoptosis by ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in human gastric carcinoma cells [J]. J Acupunct Meridian Stud,2010,3(1):24-31.

[19] 楊莉,胡禮儀,魏江,等.Survivin基因在急性白血病患者中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)刊,2012,14(2):293-294,301.

[20] Lee ST,Wong PF,He H,et al. Alpha-tomatine attenuation of in vivo growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumors of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells is accompanied by inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling [J]. PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57708.

[21] Li D,Zhang Y,Xie Y,et al. Enhanced tumor suppression by adenoviral PTEN gene therapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2013,20(4):251-259.

[22] 樊恒,宋甫春,包俊煒,等.凋亡抑制因子Survivin表達(dá)在大鼠重癥急性胰腺炎腎損傷中的作用[J].臨床肝膽病雜志,2012,28(8):603-605.

(收稿日期:2013-12-02 本文編輯:任 念)

[6] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[7] Rius J. Patterson-function direct methods for structure determination of organic compounds from powder diffraction data [J]. Acta Crystallogr A,2011,67(Pt 1):63-67.

[8] Ge QX,Li YY,Nie YQ,et al. Expression of survivin and its four splice variants in colorectal cancer and its clinical significances [J]. Med Oncol,2013,30(2):535.

[9] Moniri JS,Gharechahi J,Hosseinpour FM,et al. Transcriptional expression analysis of survivin splice variants reveals differential expression of survivin-3α in breast cancer [J]. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(4):314-320.

[10] Hmeljak J,Erculj N,Dolzan V,et al. Is survivin expression prognostic or predictive in malignant pleural mesothelioma ? [J]. Virchows Arch,2013,462(3):315-321.

[11] Brustmann H,Hinterholzer S,Brunner A. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin and γ-H2AX in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and low-stage squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Gynecol Pathol,2011,30(6):583-590.

[12] Jacob NK,Cooley JV,Shirai K,et al. Survivin splice variants are not essential for mitotic progression or inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin and radiation [J]. Onco Targets Ther,2012,5:7-20.

[13] Hu W,Ding W,Yang H,et al. Weekly paclitaxel with concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma [J]. Radiother Oncol,2009,93(3):488-491.

[14] Jiang D,Sui M,Zhong W,et al. Different administration strategies with paclitaxel induce distinct phenotypes of multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells [J]. Cancer Lett,2013,335(2):404-411.

[15] Zhou J,Zhao WY,Ma X,et al. The anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel liposomes modified with mitochondrial targeting conjugate in resistant lung cancer [J]. Biomaterials,2013, 34(14):3626-3638.

[16] 劉東華,章霞芝,陳興無,等.Survivin、MDR1、MRP在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及意義[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2008, 23(2):126-129.

[17] Li Y,Tan BB,Zhao Q,et al. Tumor chemosensitivity is correlated with expression of multidrug resistance associated factors in variously differentiated gastric carcinoma tissues [J]. Hepato Gastroenterology,2013,60(121):213-216.

[18] Jang KJ,Han MH,Lee BH,et al. Induction of apoptosis by ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in human gastric carcinoma cells [J]. J Acupunct Meridian Stud,2010,3(1):24-31.

[19] 楊莉,胡禮儀,魏江,等.Survivin基因在急性白血病患者中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)刊,2012,14(2):293-294,301.

[20] Lee ST,Wong PF,He H,et al. Alpha-tomatine attenuation of in vivo growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumors of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells is accompanied by inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling [J]. PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57708.

[21] Li D,Zhang Y,Xie Y,et al. Enhanced tumor suppression by adenoviral PTEN gene therapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2013,20(4):251-259.

[22] 樊恒,宋甫春,包俊煒,等.凋亡抑制因子Survivin表達(dá)在大鼠重癥急性胰腺炎腎損傷中的作用[J].臨床肝膽病雜志,2012,28(8):603-605.

(收稿日期:2013-12-02 本文編輯:任 念)

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