王選玲

英語中大多數(shù)介詞后面接的都是名詞和動(dòng)詞的ing形式，而with這個(gè)介詞比較特殊，其后還可接動(dòng)名詞之外的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們一起看一下With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，就是with后面接名詞或者代詞做賓語，再加上形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞在句中做狀語。①With the door open， he went out.②With the light on.I fell asleep.③With a book in his hand，the teacher came in.④With a lot of work to do， I had to stay up.⑤With the work finished，I can sleep now.⑥With him helping me. I passed the exam.

那么，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中不同的動(dòng)詞形式有什么區(qū)別呢？動(dòng)詞不定式包括兩種to do和to be done。兩者表示的都是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，區(qū)別在于：用to do形式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者在句中能找到，而to be done形式的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者在句中找不到。例如：With an exam to take， I have to prepare. With an exam to be held， I have to prepare.兩個(gè)句子的共同點(diǎn)在于考試這件事還沒發(fā)生，因此確定用to do或者to be done形式。區(qū)別不在于不定式和exam是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而是看take和hold的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者能否在句中找到。第一個(gè)例子I我能發(fā)出take an exam參加考試這個(gè)動(dòng)作。第二例子中hold an exam舉行考試這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者在整個(gè)句中找不到，因此用to be done形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞形式表示分詞和其前面的名詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行或者發(fā)生過。例如：With LiLei leading the way， I found the station easily.

過去分詞表示賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如：With his work finished， he went swimming.要熟練掌握“With”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵是多練。以下是幾道練習(xí)題。

①John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work（ ）， he gladly accepted it. A.finished、B.finishing、C.having finished、D.was finished

②I couldnt do my homework with all that noise（ ）.A.going on、B.goes on、 C.went on、D.to go on

③（ ）our food （ ）， we had to walk to a village for help. A.Since，runs out；B.Because，run out；C.With，running out；D.For，running out

④With a lot of work（ ）， I couldnt go to see the doctor. A.to do、B.doing、C.done、D.has done

答案：A、A、C、A.

（遼寧省普蘭店三十八中學(xué)）