解曉帥,穆帥,譚初兵,周植星,劉登科,徐為人
(1.天津醫(yī)科大學研究生院,天津 300070;2.天津市第一中心醫(yī)院藥學部,天津 300192; 3.天津大學化工學院,天津300072;4.天津藥物研究院,天津 300193)
新型地氯雷他定酰胺衍生物的合成及其利尿活性*
解曉帥1,2,穆帥3,4,譚初兵4,周植星4,劉登科4,徐為人4
(1.天津醫(yī)科大學研究生院,天津 300070;2.天津市第一中心醫(yī)院藥學部,天津 300192; 3.天津大學化工學院,天津300072;4.天津藥物研究院,天津 300193)
以地氯雷他定和對硝基苯甲酰氯為原料,三乙胺為縛酸劑,經(jīng)N-酰化反應制得{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-基}(4-硝基苯基)甲酮(3);3在酸性條件下經(jīng)SnCl2還原得中間體(4)。以吡啶為縛酸劑和溶劑,4與烷基酰氯(或苯酰氯)經(jīng)?;磻铣闪?個具有潛在AVP-V2受體拮抗活性的新型地氯雷他定酰胺衍生物(6a~6g),其結構經(jīng)1H NMR和HR-MS表征。SD大鼠利尿活性實驗表明,6a~6g均有一定的利尿活性,其中N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】丙酰胺的利尿活性與托伐普坦相當。
地氯雷他定;酰胺衍生物;AVP-V2受體拮抗劑;合成;利尿活性
低鈉血癥是臨床上常見的一種電解質(zhì)紊亂癥狀[1-2],其誘因主要是由于精氨酸加壓素(AVP)分泌失調(diào)[3]。V2受體位于腎臟集合管細胞,拮抗AVP與V2受體結合能夠增加自由水的排出,并且對電解質(zhì)的代謝沒有顯著影響。因此,V2受體拮抗劑是治療低鈉血癥的理想藥物,并在治療心力衰竭[4]和抗利尿激素分泌失調(diào)綜合癥[5]等與體液潴留相關的疾病中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
地氯雷他定(1)是一種非鎮(zhèn)靜性的長效三環(huán)類抗組胺藥[6]。對其衍生物的生物活性研究大多局限于抗腫瘤[7]和抗組胺[8]等方面,利尿活性的研究報道相對較少。
本文以1和對硝基苯甲酰氯(2)為原料,三乙胺為縛酸劑,經(jīng)N-?;磻频脅4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-基}(4-硝基苯基)甲酮(3);3在酸性條件下經(jīng)SnCl2還原得中間體(4)。以吡啶為縛酸劑和溶劑,4與烷基酰氯(5a~5e)或甲苯基酰氯(5f和5g)發(fā)生?;磻铣闪?個具有潛在AVPV2受體拮抗活性的新型地氯雷他定酰胺衍生物(6a~6g,Scheme 1),其結構經(jīng)1H NMR和HRMS表征。并研究了6a~6g對大鼠的利尿活性。
1.1 儀器與試劑
YRT-3型熔點儀(溫度未校正);Lab Alliance Series-1500型液相色譜儀;BRUKER AV-400型核磁共振儀(400 MHz,CDCl3為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標);Varian QFT-ESI型質(zhì)譜儀。
1,工業(yè)品,北京大田豐拓化學技術有限公司;其余所用試劑均為分析純。
1.2 合成
(1)3的合成
在反應瓶中依次加入1 100.0 g(322 mmol)和二氯甲烷500 mL,攪拌使其溶解;于0℃加入三乙胺48.0 g(48 mmol),緩慢滴加2 59.8 g(322 mmol),滴畢,反應3 h[TLC跟蹤,展開劑:A=V (石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=3∶1]。反應液用水(3×500 mL)洗滌,分液,有機層用無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除溶劑得淡黃色固體,用300 mL乙醇打漿精制得淡黃色固體3 140.2 g,收率94.7%,純度98.9%(HPLC歸一化法,下同),m.p.188.2℃~189.0℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:2.18~2.32(m,2H),2.41(br s,1H),2.79~2.84(m,2H),3.17~3.36(m,6H),3.97(br s,1H),7.05~7.32(m,4H),7.54~7.57(m,1H),7.68(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),8.25~8.36(m,3H); HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C26H22N3O3Cl{[M+ H]+}460.142 2,found 460.142 7。
(2)4的合成
在反應瓶中依次加入3 100.0 g(217 mmol),乙醇600 mL和鹽酸150 mL,加熱(50℃)攪拌使其溶解;緩慢滴加SnCl2·2H2O 171.0 g(760 mmol)的乙醇(400 mL)溶液,滴畢,反應5 h(TLC跟蹤,展開劑:A=1∶1)。減壓蒸除溶劑,剩余物倒入1 L冰水中,用濃氫氧化鈉調(diào)至pH 10,用二氯甲烷(5×300mL)萃取,合并有機相,用無水硫酸鈉干燥過夜。減壓蒸餾得淡黃色固體,用乙醇(500 mL)重結晶得白色固體4 71.4 g,收率76.5%,純度99.5%;1H NMRδ:2.38~2.56(m,4H),2.75~2.87(m,2H),3.20~3.42(m,4H),3.82(s,2H),3.94(br s,2H),6.59~6.62(m,2H),7.06~7.15(m,4H),7.22~7.26(m,2H),7.40~7.43(q,J=3.2 Hz,1H),8.37~8.38(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H);HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C26H24N3OCl{[M+H]+}430.168 1,found 430.167 9。
(3)6a~6g的合成
在反應瓶中加入4 5.0 g(12 mmol)和吡啶20 mL,攪拌使其溶解;于0℃滴加5a~5g 12 mmol,滴畢,反應2 h~4 h(TLC檢測,展開劑:A= 3∶1)。倒入60 mL水中,過濾,濾餅經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=4∶1]純化得6a~6g。
N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】乙酰胺(6a):淡黃色固體,收率81.8%,純度98.7%,m.p.144.6℃~146.8℃;1H NMRδ:2.08(s,3H),2.14~2.55(m,4H),2.77~2.90(m,2H),3.27~3.43(m,4H),3.66(br s,1H),4.13(br s,1H),7.12~7.17(m,4H),7.31~7.33(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.43~7.48(t,J= 4.8 Hz,3H),7.92(s,1H),8.39(s,1H);HRMS m/z:Calcd for C28H26N3O2Cl{[M+H]+} 472.178 6,found 472.178 6。
N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】丙酰胺(6b):白色固體,收率35.4%,純度97.3%,m.p.92.8℃~94.5℃;1H NMRδ:1.23~1.25 (m,5H),2.27~2.53(m,4H),2.76~2.89 (m,2H),3.31~3.43(m,4H),3.70(br s,1H),4.13(br s,1H),7.10~7.16(m,4H),7.32~7.34(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.44~7.51(q,J=8.8 Hz,3H),7.78(s,1H),8.40(s,1H); HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C29H28N3O2Cl{[M+H]+} 486.194 3,found 486.194 5。
N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】丁酰胺(6c):白色固體,收率75.0%,純度97.9%,m.p.115.6℃~117.8℃;1H NMRδ:0.92~1.00(m,3H),1.62~1.78(m,2H),2.25~2.53(m,6H),2.77~2.90(m,2H),3.23~3.43(m,4H),3.66(br s,1H),4.13(br s,1H),7.08~7.17(m,4H),7.32~7.34(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.43~7.51(q,3H),7.73(s,1H),8.39 (s,1H);HR-MS m/z:Calcd forC30H30N3O2Cl {[M+H]+}500.209 9,found 500.209 4。
N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】異丁酰胺(6d):白色固體,收率87.1%,純度98.0%,m.p.127.8℃~130.2℃;1H NMRδ:1.21~1.26(m,6H),2.37~2.67(m,5H),2.76~2.89(m,2H),3.28~3.43(m,4H),3.66(br s,1H),4.12(br s,1H),7.08~7.16(m,4H),7.32~7.34(t,J=4.4 Hz,2H),7.43~7.53(q,J=13.2 Hz,3H),7.77(s,1H),8.39(s,1H); HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C30H30N3O2Cl{[M+H]+} 500.210 1,found 500.209 4。
3-氯-N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】丙酰胺(6e):淡黃色固體,收率85.0%,純度99.2%,m.p.204.8℃~207.6℃;1H NMRδ: 2.15~2.20(m,2H),2.29~2.64(m,6H),2.77~2.90(m,2H),3.25~3.44(m,4H),3.61~3.69 (m,3H),4.15(br s,1H),7.10~7.17(m,4H),7.32~7.34(d,2H,J=8.4 Hz),7.43~7.49(m,3H),7.95(s,1H),8.39~8.39(d,J=2.8 Hz,1H);HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C29H27N3O2Cl2{[M+ H]+}520.155 3,found 520.155 3。
2-甲基-N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】苯甲酰胺(6f):淡黃色固體,收率96.1%,純度98.2%,m.p.130.9℃~134.1℃;1H NMRδ: 2.32~2.52(m,7H),2.82~2.86(m,2H),3.26~3.40(m,4H),3.70(br s,1H),4.10(s,1H),7.10~7.26(m,6H),7.32~7.46(m,5H),7.62~7.64(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.49(s,1H),8.39(s,1H);HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C34H30N3O2Cl {[M+H]+}548.209 9,found 548.209 5。
4-甲基-N-【4-{4-[8-氯-5H-苯并[5,6]環(huán)庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶-11(6H)-亞基]哌啶-1-羰基}苯基】苯甲酰胺(6g):白色固體,收率80.9%,純度99.4%,m.p.253.1℃~254.9℃;1H NMRδ: 2.38~2.57(m,7H),2.77~2.87(m,2H),3.28~3.38(m,4H),3.70(br s,1H),4.11(br s,1H),7.08~7.11(m,4H),7.24~7.27(t,J=5.8 Hz,2H),7.38~7.43(m,3H),7.62~7.64(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.75~7.77(d,J= 8.0 Hz,2H),8.00(s,1H),8.38(s,1H);HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C34H30N3O2Cl{[M+H]+} 548.209 9,found 548.210 4。
表1 6a~6g的大鼠利尿?qū)嶒灁?shù)據(jù)Table 1 Indiuretic test data of 6a~6g
1.3 利尿活性測定[9]
以SD大鼠為實驗動物,托伐普坦為陽性藥組,45只大鼠隨機分為9組,每組5只,給藥劑量50 mg·kg-1,給藥前灌胃5%體重量的生理鹽水,以增加水負荷。對照組給予相同量的水,灌胃給藥。大鼠放置在代謝籠中,收集自發(fā)性尿。每只大鼠分別在0 h~2 h,2 h~4 h,4 h~8 h以及8 h~20 h幾個時間段收集尿液量,量筒定量。各計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(M±S.D.)表示。
2.1 合成
(1)3的合成
1和2 在低溫下的反應屬于N-?;磻?。該反應放熱劇烈,必須小心控制。反應溫度過高和加料速度過快都會使3質(zhì)量降低。因此,采用將2溶于溶媒后逐滴滴入冰水浴冷卻的反應體系中的方法制備3。
(2)6的合成
6的合成與3類似。采用吡啶作為溶媒和縛酸劑能得到較高的收率。3還原硝基得4,方法有許多種,其中鈀碳催化加氫法反應迅速、后處理簡便,是最常用的方法之一[10]。但由于3的母核上有氯取代,用鈀碳催化還原很容易發(fā)生脫鹵現(xiàn)象[11]。因此,本文以SnCl2作還原劑,乙醇為溶媒,在酸性條件下還原硝基。
2.2 6a~6g的利尿活性
陽性藥,空白對照及6a~6g對大鼠的利尿?qū)嶒灁?shù)據(jù)見表1。由表1可見,6a~6g均有一定的利尿活性,且具有起效慢和作用時間長的特點。其中,6b在0 h~20 h的總利尿量已接近陽性對照藥托伐普坦。
2.3 構效關系
初步構效關系分析表明,當R為乙基時,6b體現(xiàn)出較強的利尿作用,當R為鹵素原子時,6e效果不明顯;苯環(huán)上對位甲基取代(6g)比鄰位取代(6f)效果好。另外由于新化合物的數(shù)量有限,構效關系的研究還在繼續(xù)進行中。
合成了7個具有潛在AVP-V2受體拮抗活性的新型地氯雷他定酰胺衍生物(6a~6g)。SD大鼠利尿活性實驗表明,6a~6g均有一定的利尿活性,其中6b的利尿活性與托伐普坦相當。
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Synthesis and Diuretic Activities of Novel Am ide Derivatives of Desloratadine
XIE Xiao-shuai1,2,MU Shuai3,4,
TAN Chu-bing4,ZHOU Zhi-xing4,LIU Deng-ke4,XUWei-ren4
(1.Graduate School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;2.Pharmaceutical Department,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China;3.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;4.Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,Tianjin 300193,China)
【4-{8-Chloro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11(6H)-ylidene}piperidin-1-yl】(4-nitrophenyl)methanone(3)was prepared by N-acylation of Desloratadine with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride using triethylamin as the acid acceptor.3 was reduced under acidic condition to obtain an intermediate(4),using SnCl2as the reducing agent.Seven novel potential inhibition of the AVP-V2receptors,the amide derivatives of Desloratadine(6a~6g),were synthesized by acylation reaction of4 with alkyl chloride or arylacetyechloride using pyridine as the acid acceptor and solvent.The structureswere characterized by1H NMR and HR-MS.The SD rats diuretic tests indicated that 6a~6g exhibited diuretic activities to some extent,and the diuretic activity of N-【4-【4-{8-chloro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11(6H)-ylidene}piperidine-1-carbonyl】phenyl】propionamide corresponded to tolvaptan.
Desloratadine;amide derivative;AVP-V2receptor antagonist;synthesis;diuretic activity
O623.626;R914.5
A
1005-1511(2014)02-0144-04
2013-04-26;
2013-12-20
國家重大新藥創(chuàng)制專項(2011ZX09401-009);國家科技重大專項“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”課題(2013ZX09102104)
解曉帥(1981-),女,漢族,天津人,碩士研究生,主要從事新藥和臨床藥學的研究。E-mail:hsxiexiaoshuai@163.com
劉登科,研究員,Tel.022-23006856,E-mail:liudk@tjipr.com;徐為人,博士,研究員,E-mail:xuwr@tjipr.com