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一類保本結(jié)構(gòu)型理財產(chǎn)品的收益分布研究

2014-06-24 13:49鐘丙貴
經(jīng)濟數(shù)學 2014年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:理財產(chǎn)品定價

鐘丙貴

摘 要 綜合運用傅里葉變換、復變函數(shù)和概率論等數(shù)學工具,研究一類保本結(jié)構(gòu)型理財產(chǎn)品,通過嚴密推導得到了這類保本理財產(chǎn)品的預期收益計算公式,并通過數(shù)值計算得出了這類理財產(chǎn)品的收益分布情況.分析表明規(guī)定最高收益率的保本理財產(chǎn)品的理論價格的變動并不是基礎(chǔ)資產(chǎn)價格波動率的單調(diào)函數(shù),理論價格隨基礎(chǔ)資產(chǎn)價格波動率的增加先減小再增加,當基礎(chǔ)資產(chǎn)的價格波動率較大時,購買此種理財產(chǎn)品并不能獲得高于定期存款的收益.

關(guān)鍵詞 理財產(chǎn)品;定價;結(jié)構(gòu)型產(chǎn)品

中圖分類號 F832 文獻標識碼 A

Research on Distribution of Expected Return of a Class

of Structured Financial Product with Capital Protection

ZHONG Binggui

(School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210093,China)

Abstract This paper comprehensively used Fourier transform, Complex Variables and Probability theory to study a class of structured product with capital protection. The result shows that the theoretical price of structured product with capital protection is not a monotonous function of underlying asset, and as the volatility of underlying asset changes from 0 to 1 , the theoretical price of the structured product will decrease first, then increase. When the volatility of underlying asset is large enough, the return rate of the product is lower than the return rate of fixed deposits with the same term.

Key words financial product; pricing;structured product.

1 引 言

根據(jù)銀監(jiān)會頒布的《商業(yè)銀行個人理財業(yè)務管理暫行辦法》和《商業(yè)銀行個人理財業(yè)務風險管理指引》的規(guī)定,業(yè)內(nèi)普遍認為個人理財業(yè)務是指:商業(yè)銀行為個人客戶提供的財務分析、財務規(guī)劃、投資顧問、資產(chǎn)管理等專業(yè)化服務.Stoimenov和Wilkens[1]定義結(jié)構(gòu)型產(chǎn)品是指滿足以下三個條件的產(chǎn)品:①由銀行發(fā)行;②至少與兩個金融工具相聯(lián)系;③其中至少有一個是衍生產(chǎn)品.

根據(jù)上述定義從理論上講,結(jié)構(gòu)型理財產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)種類可以無限多,設(shè)計可以非常復雜,這必然給投資者準確評價結(jié)構(gòu)型產(chǎn)品的真實價值帶來困難,同時也必然給發(fā)行銀行估算結(jié)構(gòu)型產(chǎn)品的收益帶來困難.

Chen和Sears[2]針對標準普爾500指數(shù)債券(SPIN)的定價是全球公認的第一個對結(jié)構(gòu)型產(chǎn)品的定價,他們將SPIN產(chǎn)品分為債券和看漲期權(quán)兩個部分,分別運用債券定價模型和BlackScholes[3]期權(quán)定價公式進行定價和套期保值研究,通過實證分析得出美國市場上此類產(chǎn)品存在價值被高估的情況.Chen和Kensinger[4]運用到期收益回報函數(shù)、復制投資組合方法將MICD分為看漲、看跌期權(quán)分別進行定價,并實證得出美國市場上此類產(chǎn)品存在價值被高估的情況.Wallmeier和Diethelm[5]研究了嵌入障礙期權(quán)的多資產(chǎn)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的定價合理性,并得出結(jié)論:2007年瑞士市場上此類產(chǎn)品的實際定價高于理論定價3.4%.此外,Carlin[6]說明了即使市場上的產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化程度很高,但產(chǎn)品的價格也可以差別很大;同時為了保持產(chǎn)品的競爭力,限制投資者的判斷能力,發(fā)行者有不斷增加產(chǎn)品復雜性的動機.Bernard和Boyle[7,8]利用蒙特卡洛方法研究股票指數(shù)年金(EIA)的市場價值隨指數(shù)波動率變動的趨勢.在國內(nèi),康朝鋒[9]等使用可贖回債券定價方法為2004年發(fā)行的結(jié)構(gòu)型外匯產(chǎn)品進行定價,認為實際價格高于理論價值,并將此差別歸結(jié)為由于國家信用作為擔保而導致的商業(yè)銀行道德風險.任敏和陳金龍[10]采用BlackScholes期權(quán)定價方法對保本型股票掛鉤結(jié)構(gòu)型外匯理財產(chǎn)品進行了研究,并指出民生銀行發(fā)行的一款產(chǎn)品的實際價值高于理論價值,投資者的實際收益偏高.崔海榮、何建敏和胡小平[11]利用金融工程組合分解技術(shù)構(gòu)建了一種創(chuàng)新型冪式雙障礙理財產(chǎn)品,并以中國銀行發(fā)行的一款產(chǎn)品為例,分析了黃金價格波動對該產(chǎn)品觸及障礙的概率和理論價格的影響,指出該產(chǎn)品的實際價值高于理論價值.

綜上所述,現(xiàn)有文獻特別是國內(nèi)文獻大多只是針對目前市場上已有產(chǎn)品進行研究,分析其理論價格與市場價格的差異.然而,在國內(nèi)理財市場還不規(guī)范而市場需求不斷增大的情況下,亟需研究理財產(chǎn)品價格變動的一般規(guī)律,便于投資者比較不同產(chǎn)品,同時也便于發(fā)行者科學定價,增強市場競爭力.

本文中,研究一類市場上很普遍的保本結(jié)構(gòu)型理財產(chǎn)品:規(guī)定最高收益率的保本結(jié)構(gòu)型理財產(chǎn)品(此類產(chǎn)品相當于發(fā)行者賣出看跌期權(quán)給投資者,同時從投資者手中買入看漲期權(quán)),本文的基礎(chǔ)模型與任敏和陳金龍研究的模型類似,但主要沿用Bernard等的思想,運用復變函數(shù)和概率論以及嚴謹?shù)臄?shù)學推導簡化模型,并運用數(shù)值方法計算最終的投資回報隨基礎(chǔ)資產(chǎn)價格變化的趨勢.認為這種方法也可以應用到其他類型理財產(chǎn)品的定價研究中.endprint

2 最終收益率的計算公式

4 結(jié) 論

參考文獻

[1] P A STOIMENOV, S WILKENS. Are structured products ‘fairly priced? an analysis of the german market for equitylinked instruments[J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,2005,29: 2971-2993.

[2] K C CHEN, R S SEARS. Pricing the SPIN[J]. Financial Management,1990, 19(2):36-47.

[3] F BLACK, M SCHOLES. On the pricing of options and corporate liabilities[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1973, 81:637-654.

[4] A H CHEN, J W KENSINGER. An analysis of Market-lndex certificates of deposit[J]. Journal of Financial Services Research,1990, 4(2):93-110.

[5] M WALLMEIER, M DIETHELM. Market pricing of exotic structured products: The case of MultiAsset barrier reverse convertibles in Switzerland[R].Fribourg:University of Fribourg. 2008.

[6] B CARLIN. Strategic price complexity in retail financial market[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,2009, 3(91):278-287.

[7] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. Structured investment products and the retail investor. Working paper. 2008.

[8] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. A natural hedge for equity indexed annuities[J]. Annals of Actuarial Science,2011,5(2):211-230.

[9] 康朝鋒,鄭振龍.外匯結(jié)構(gòu)性存款的定價[J].國際金融研究,2005,5:45-49.

[10]任敏,陳金龍.保本型股票掛鉤結(jié)構(gòu)性外匯理財產(chǎn)品定價研究[J].金融市場,2008,12:64-70.

[11]崔海榮,何建敏,胡小平.規(guī)避通脹風險的結(jié)構(gòu)性理財產(chǎn)品設(shè)計與定價[J].管理科學,2012,25(2):105-111.endprint

2 最終收益率的計算公式

4 結(jié) 論

參考文獻

[1] P A STOIMENOV, S WILKENS. Are structured products ‘fairly priced? an analysis of the german market for equitylinked instruments[J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,2005,29: 2971-2993.

[2] K C CHEN, R S SEARS. Pricing the SPIN[J]. Financial Management,1990, 19(2):36-47.

[3] F BLACK, M SCHOLES. On the pricing of options and corporate liabilities[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1973, 81:637-654.

[4] A H CHEN, J W KENSINGER. An analysis of Market-lndex certificates of deposit[J]. Journal of Financial Services Research,1990, 4(2):93-110.

[5] M WALLMEIER, M DIETHELM. Market pricing of exotic structured products: The case of MultiAsset barrier reverse convertibles in Switzerland[R].Fribourg:University of Fribourg. 2008.

[6] B CARLIN. Strategic price complexity in retail financial market[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,2009, 3(91):278-287.

[7] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. Structured investment products and the retail investor. Working paper. 2008.

[8] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. A natural hedge for equity indexed annuities[J]. Annals of Actuarial Science,2011,5(2):211-230.

[9] 康朝鋒,鄭振龍.外匯結(jié)構(gòu)性存款的定價[J].國際金融研究,2005,5:45-49.

[10]任敏,陳金龍.保本型股票掛鉤結(jié)構(gòu)性外匯理財產(chǎn)品定價研究[J].金融市場,2008,12:64-70.

[11]崔海榮,何建敏,胡小平.規(guī)避通脹風險的結(jié)構(gòu)性理財產(chǎn)品設(shè)計與定價[J].管理科學,2012,25(2):105-111.endprint

2 最終收益率的計算公式

4 結(jié) 論

參考文獻

[1] P A STOIMENOV, S WILKENS. Are structured products ‘fairly priced? an analysis of the german market for equitylinked instruments[J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,2005,29: 2971-2993.

[2] K C CHEN, R S SEARS. Pricing the SPIN[J]. Financial Management,1990, 19(2):36-47.

[3] F BLACK, M SCHOLES. On the pricing of options and corporate liabilities[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1973, 81:637-654.

[4] A H CHEN, J W KENSINGER. An analysis of Market-lndex certificates of deposit[J]. Journal of Financial Services Research,1990, 4(2):93-110.

[5] M WALLMEIER, M DIETHELM. Market pricing of exotic structured products: The case of MultiAsset barrier reverse convertibles in Switzerland[R].Fribourg:University of Fribourg. 2008.

[6] B CARLIN. Strategic price complexity in retail financial market[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,2009, 3(91):278-287.

[7] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. Structured investment products and the retail investor. Working paper. 2008.

[8] C BERNARD, P BOYLE. A natural hedge for equity indexed annuities[J]. Annals of Actuarial Science,2011,5(2):211-230.

[9] 康朝鋒,鄭振龍.外匯結(jié)構(gòu)性存款的定價[J].國際金融研究,2005,5:45-49.

[10]任敏,陳金龍.保本型股票掛鉤結(jié)構(gòu)性外匯理財產(chǎn)品定價研究[J].金融市場,2008,12:64-70.

[11]崔海榮,何建敏,胡小平.規(guī)避通脹風險的結(jié)構(gòu)性理財產(chǎn)品設(shè)計與定價[J].管理科學,2012,25(2):105-111.endprint

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