□ 文/見習(xí)記者 吳俊琰

香港文匯報(bào)：重慶在長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶中具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)

□ 文/見習(xí)記者 吳俊琰

張蕊

香港文匯報(bào)駐渝辦主任張蕊

重慶擁有經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)、保稅港區(qū)和國(guó)家級(jí)口岸，形成了全面的開放格局，逐步成為內(nèi)陸開放的高地。

置于國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略下的長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶能為重慶帶來(lái)什么？重慶在長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶中有些什么優(yōu)勢(shì)呢？日前，本刊記者采訪了香港文匯報(bào)駐渝辦主任張蕊。以下就是她的主要觀點(diǎn)。

從中國(guó)改革開放的全局來(lái)看，在沿海開發(fā)開放和西部大開發(fā)的背景下，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)版圖呈現(xiàn)H型分布，H的左邊是西部大開發(fā)的重點(diǎn)地帶，包括“中國(guó)第四增長(zhǎng)極”的成渝都市圈。右邊是沿海地帶，在沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與西部開發(fā)帶之間由長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶貫通，龍頭上海與沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶銜接，龍尾重慶與西部開發(fā)帶銜接，形成中國(guó)目前最重要的戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)動(dòng)關(guān)系。這樣一來(lái)，重慶的戰(zhàn)略地位是不言而喻的。但是深處內(nèi)陸腹地的重慶的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和沿海地區(qū)相比有著諸多限制，比如交通不便，開放程度不高——這些因素極大地制約了重慶和整個(gè)西部?jī)?nèi)陸地區(qū)的發(fā)展。但是，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶及其配套政策的提出很大程度上改善了重慶的區(qū)位劣勢(shì)，給重慶帶來(lái)了很多新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

我們認(rèn)為，重慶在長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶戰(zhàn)略中具有五大比較優(yōu)勢(shì)：

1、區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。重慶地處長(zhǎng)江大動(dòng)脈的上游，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與西南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的結(jié)合部，是聯(lián)通東西部經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)節(jié)和樞紐，兼得長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與西部大開發(fā)之利。

2、資源優(yōu)勢(shì)。重慶是世界級(jí)水資源富礦，可開發(fā)的水力發(fā)電量750億千瓦時(shí)/年，是重慶發(fā)展現(xiàn)代工業(yè)、制造業(yè)強(qiáng)有力的保障。而且重慶作為傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)城市，工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)雄厚，工業(yè)配套設(shè)施十分完善。

3、交通優(yōu)勢(shì)。重慶是長(zhǎng)江上游物資集散地，鐵路、水路、公路、航空立體交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成。依托“黃金水道”長(zhǎng)江，重慶能夠發(fā)展廉價(jià)、環(huán)保的內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸，能夠擁有廣闊的腹地并加強(qiáng)與沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的聯(lián)系。兩江新區(qū)的開發(fā)更加強(qiáng)了重慶作為物資集散地的功能。

4、政策優(yōu)勢(shì)。重慶擁有經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)、保稅港區(qū)和國(guó)家級(jí)口岸，形成了全面的開放格局，逐步成為內(nèi)陸開放的高地。重慶擁有國(guó)家級(jí)開放平臺(tái)兩江新區(qū)，也擁有西部最大的保稅港區(qū)。重慶作為內(nèi)陸城市，卻有國(guó)家審批通過(guò)的一級(jí)、二級(jí)、三級(jí)口岸，所以，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的前景非常廣闊。

5、人口優(yōu)勢(shì)。重慶擁有3000多萬(wàn)人口，其年齡結(jié)構(gòu)總體上呈現(xiàn)出“中間大、兩頭小”的紡錘狀格局，勞動(dòng)年齡人口占人口總量的比重逾70%，在全國(guó)老齡化趨勢(shì)日益嚴(yán)重的當(dāng)下，重慶這種年齡結(jié)構(gòu)直接對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生積極效應(yīng)。同時(shí)，重慶的勞動(dòng)力薪資水平比很多沿海城市低，這意味著從成本控制的角度，重慶比很多沿海城市更有優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這，是很多企業(yè)愿意看到的。

Judging from the overall situation of China’s reform and opening-up, China’s economic territory distributes in a fashion of the letter “H” against the background of development and opening up in the coastal areas and the Western Development. The key areas of the Western Development, including the city ring of Chengdu and Chongqing, lie on the left side of “H”. On the right side of “H” lie the coastal areas. The coastal economic belt and the Western Development belt are connected by the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Shanghai, the “dragon’s head”, is connected with the coastal economic belt while Chongqing, the “dragon’s tail”, is connected with the Western Development belt and thus built the most important strategic synergic relationship in China. Chongqing’s strategic position is self-evident. Compared with the coastal areas, however, Chongqing in the deep hinterland of China, is confronted with many restrictions like inconvenient transport and low degree of openness. These restrictions hinder its development and the entire Western inland areas of China. But the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the supporting policies reduce, to a large degree, the geographic disadvantage of Chongqing and bring it many unprecedented development opportunities.

Zhang Rui, the director of Chongqing Office of Hong Kong Wen Wei Po summarized, “We believe that Chongqing has comparative advantages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.”

1. Geographic advantages. Chongqing is located at upper reaches of the Yangtze River, connecting the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Southeast China Economic Belt. It is the node connecting the economies of East and West China. So it can bene fi t from the development of both the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Western Development.

2. Resource advantages. Chongqing has abundant water resources.The exploitable hydroelectricity power reaches 750KW, which can secure the development of modern industry and manufacturing industry in Chongqing. In addition, Chongqing, as a traditional industrial city, boasts a solid industrial foundation and complete supporting facilities.

3. Transportation advantages. Chongqing is the distribution center at the upper reaches of Yangtze River with a three-dimensional transportation network of railways, waterways, highways and airways. Dependent on the golden watercourse of Yangtze River, Chongqing can develop its cheap and environmental inland water transport, embrace the vast hinterland and reach out to the developed coastal regions. The development of Liangjiang New Area consolidates Chongqing’s function to distribute materials and goods.

4. Policy advantages. Chongqing has economic development zones, bonded ports and ports of the national level, forming an all-around openingup framework and gradually becoming a highland of opening-up. Besides, it is the seat of Liangjiang New Area, an opening-up platform of the national level and also the largest bonded port in West China. An inland city as it is, Chongqing has the Class-I, Class-II and Class-III ports approved by the Central Government and hence enjoys wide prospect of import and export.

5. Demographic advantages. Among Chongqing’s population of more than 30 million of a spindle-like age distribution, namely “big in the middle, yet small on both ends”, the workingage population takes a proportion of over 70%. Against the background of the ever-growing aging trend, such age distribution in Chongqing has a positive effect on the economic growth. In the meantime, the wage level here is lower than that in the coastal cities, which means Chongqing has more edges over the coastal cities in terms of cost control. Many enterprises would be happy to see that.”

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po: Chongqing has comparative advantages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

□ By probationary reporter Wu Junyan