文/趙愛琴
摘 要:集中學(xué)習(xí)語法,讓學(xué)生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)新語法有個(gè)完整、清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握它的精髓,并能熟練運(yùn)用,是一直探索的問題?!艾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”集中學(xué)習(xí)這一方法可行,并且效果很好。
關(guān)鍵詞:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);集中學(xué)習(xí);策略
人教版八年級(jí)英語(下)第六單元,出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。通常一個(gè)新語法的出現(xiàn),教師要讓學(xué)生通過觀察這種語言現(xiàn)象,逐步感知、理解,然后歸納、總結(jié),直至接受。但在配套的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練里,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的所有內(nèi)容都出現(xiàn)了。如果不及時(shí)系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生幾乎無法完成配套練習(xí)。這勢(shì)必給他們?cè)斐尚睦黻幱埃绊懰麄儗?duì)這一語言的學(xué)習(xí)。但如果在一節(jié)課完成這一龐大語法的學(xué)習(xí),確實(shí)有難度。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)把過去、現(xiàn)在甚至將來聯(lián)系了起來,學(xué)生理解起來有一定的困難。另外,它常和how long,for,since短語和句子連用,但究竟用for還是since,還有一堆講究。學(xué)生能在這么短的時(shí)間里,理解并掌握這一語法嗎?帶著所有的疑問,我準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行嘗試。
首先,我重新學(xué)習(xí)了這一語法,并將其梳理歸納;然后思考教學(xué)方法,力求新穎、有趣、自然、高效。接下來我仔細(xì)安排每一個(gè)教學(xué)步驟。一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,我要開講了:
我通過提問,引出所學(xué)內(nèi)容:
T: Hi,Mary.Do you like sports?
M:Yes.
T: What kind of sports do you like best?
M:I like playing basketball best .
T:When did you start playing basketball?
M: I started playing basketball when I was ten.
T: So you have been playing basketball for three years .Yes?
M:Yes.
然后我又同Rose,John互動(dòng),并將句子板書到黑板上:
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years.
首先學(xué)生翻譯、理解上面的句子:他們從過去開始這種活動(dòng),一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能一直延續(xù)到將來。我們學(xué)過一般過去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。但這種把過去、現(xiàn)在、將來聯(lián)系起來的現(xiàn)象是什么呢?我引出了新的語法:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。接下來我啟發(fā)學(xué)生歸納它的定義?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在延續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。通過觀察,學(xué)生得出了它的公式:主語+have(has)been +V-ing +其他。否定句:主語+have(has)not been +V-ing+其他。一般疑問句:Have(has)+主語+been+V-ing +其他。
然后我啟發(fā)并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用since改寫句子。Mary已經(jīng)打球三年了,我們是不是可以說,她從三年前就已經(jīng)開始打球了?Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago .她今年十三歲,我們也可以說,從她十歲開始,就已經(jīng)開始打球了。Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten .同理,我板書句子到黑板上
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years. →
Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago.
Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years. →
Rose has been swimming since four years ago.
Rose has been swimming since she was nine.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years. →
John has been playing tennis since five years ago.
John has been playing tennis since she was eight.
通過觀察學(xué)生看出,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和for, since短語和句子連用。 three years , four years , five years是一段時(shí)間,即時(shí)間段;three yearsago, four years ago ,five years ago是時(shí)間點(diǎn);she was ten , she was nine, she was eight是一般過去時(shí)的句子。由此,我們得出結(jié)論: for 后跟是時(shí)間段,since后既可跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)又可跟一般過去時(shí)的句子。到此,我們對(duì)這一語法有了全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。
隨堂進(jìn)行練習(xí)檢測(cè),效果很好。通過這節(jié)課,我明白了一個(gè)道理:教師在平時(shí)教學(xué)中,要敢于嘗試,敢于挑戰(zhàn),敢于突破。我們相信,在教師的正確引導(dǎo)、鼓勵(lì)下,學(xué)生的潛能能最大限度地發(fā)揮,并會(huì)有意想不到的收獲。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]劉建華.中學(xué)英語創(chuàng)新教法[M].北京:學(xué)苑出版社,1999:126-129.
[2]薄冰,何政安.英語語法[M].北京:開明出版社,2005:236-238.
編輯 馬燕萍