呂遠(yuǎn) 周靜
[摘要] 目的 探討神經(jīng)梅毒患者血清白細(xì)胞介素-4(IL-4)、干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)的變化及其臨床意義。 方法 選取2007年1月~2013年10月期間我院診治的神經(jīng)梅毒患者34例(神經(jīng)梅毒組)及非神經(jīng)梅毒患者34例(非神經(jīng)梅毒組),選取34例正常體檢者為對(duì)照組,患者在入院后及治療1個(gè)月后、體檢者在體檢結(jié)束未發(fā)現(xiàn)有異常疾病后抽血檢測(cè)IL-4、IFN-γ。 結(jié)果 三組之間IL-4、IFN-γ濃度明顯存在不同(P<0.05),神經(jīng)梅毒組、非神經(jīng)梅毒組IL-4、IFN-γ濃度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),神經(jīng)梅毒組與非神經(jīng)梅毒組IL-4、IFN-γ濃度比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),神經(jīng)梅毒組患者在治療后IL-4、IFN-γ濃度明顯低于治療前(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者均存在IL-4、IFN-γ升高變化,神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者之間IL-4、IFN-γ無(wú)明顯差異,經(jīng)過(guò)治療IL-4、IFN-γ水平會(huì)明顯下降。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 神經(jīng)梅毒;白細(xì)胞介素-4;干擾素-γ
[中圖分類號(hào)] R759.1???[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A???[文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)09-22-04
Changes of serum interleukin-4 and IFN-γ in patients with neurosyphilis and their clinical significance
LV?Yuan1??ZHOU?Jing2
1.Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Shanwei Yihui Foundation Hospital, Shanwei 516600,China; 2.Department of Dermatology, Shanwei Yihui Foundation Hospital, Shanwei 516600,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes of serum interleukin-4(IL-4) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in the patients with neurosyphilis and their clinical significance. Methods Thirty-four patients with neurosyphilis(neurosyphilis group) and 34 patients with non-neurosyphilis(non-neurosyphilis group) treated in our hospital from January 2007 to October 2013 were selected, and 34 normal health examinees were selected as the control group. The patients blood was drawn to examine the IL-4 and IFN-γ after admission, 1 month after treatment and when not discovering abnormal diseases at the end of health examination. Results The three groups were significantly different in the IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations(P<0.05); The neurosyphilis group and the non-neurosyphilis group had higher IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations than the control group(P<0.05); The neurosyphilis group and the non-neurosyphilis group were not different in the IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations, with no statistical significance(P>0.05); The IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations of the neurosyphilis group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion Both the neurosyphilis group and the non-neurosyphilis group have elevated IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations; The neurosyphilis group and the non-neurosyphilis group were not significantly different in the IL-4 and IFN-γ; The IL-4 and IFN-γ levels decrease significantly after treatment.
[Key words] Neurosyphilis; Interleukin-4; Interferon-γ
梅毒為梅毒螺旋體(treponema pallidum, TP)感染所致的一種慢性的性傳播疾病,患者根據(jù)病情發(fā)展階段也分為潛伏期梅毒、一期梅毒、二期梅毒、三期梅毒、先天性梅毒[1],如患者臨床癥狀累及到神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)則稱為神經(jīng)梅毒,患者可出現(xiàn)頭痛、嘔吐、偏癱等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)受累癥狀[2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)梅毒患者其細(xì)胞免疫存在異常變化可能是導(dǎo)致梅毒發(fā)病的關(guān)鍵
環(huán)節(jié)[3],干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)、白細(xì)胞介素-4(IL-4)均是與T細(xì)胞免疫相關(guān)因子[4-5],因此筆者對(duì)我院收治的神經(jīng)梅毒患者血清IFN-γ、IL-4進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),從而探討神經(jīng)梅毒患者血清白細(xì)胞介素-4、干擾素-γ的變化及其臨床意義,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1?資料與方法
1.1?一般資料
選取我院2007年1月~2013年10月期間診治的神經(jīng)梅毒患者34例(神經(jīng)梅毒組)及非神經(jīng)梅毒患者34例(非神經(jīng)梅毒組),入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患者均通過(guò)RRP實(shí)驗(yàn)初篩診斷為梅毒,行TPPA試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性確診。(2)在我院診治前1個(gè)月內(nèi)未接受過(guò)任何免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑、糖皮質(zhì)激素、抗菌藥物治療。(3)神經(jīng)梅毒患者有頭痛、面癱等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀而排除其他原因所致者,同時(shí)腦脊液檢查顯示淋巴細(xì)胞及蛋白升高、腦脊液TPPA試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)伴有其他性傳播疾病者。(2)妊娠期及哺乳期婦女。(3)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀為周圍神經(jīng)炎、腦血管病、腦炎等其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病所致者。神經(jīng)梅毒組入選患者其中男21例,女13例,年齡26~43歲,平均(36.3±5.5)歲,病程3~12年,平均(6.87±2.31)年;根據(jù)患者病情分期Ⅰ期梅毒12例,Ⅱ期梅毒10例,Ⅲ期梅毒2例;根據(jù)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)累及部位不同分為:腦膜神經(jīng)梅毒3例、血管神經(jīng)梅毒15例、脊髓癆神經(jīng)梅毒2例、其他神經(jīng)梅毒4例。
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非神經(jīng)梅毒組患者,其中男24例,女10例,年齡22~41歲,平均(35.2±5.4)歲,病程2~11年,平均(6.46±2.28)年;根據(jù)患者病情分期Ⅰ期梅毒15例,Ⅱ期梅毒8例,Ⅲ期梅毒1例。以收治1例神經(jīng)梅毒患者的同時(shí)隨機(jī)選取門診行健康體檢的正常人1例原則,選取34例正常體檢者為對(duì)照組,均行RRP及TPPA試驗(yàn)排除梅毒,近1個(gè)月內(nèi)未接受過(guò)任何免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑、糖皮質(zhì)激素、抗菌藥物治療史,其中男19例,女15例,年齡18~46歲,平均(35.0±6.5)歲。三組在年齡、性別方面比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒組患者在梅毒分期方面比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),入選對(duì)象均知情同意。
1.2?方法
患者在入院后及治療1個(gè)月后、體檢者在體檢結(jié)束未發(fā)現(xiàn)有異常疾病后,采集外周靜脈血2mL,置于無(wú)菌真空試管內(nèi)靜置15min后放在離心機(jī)內(nèi)以3000r/min轉(zhuǎn)速離心處理20min,靜置30min待血清分層,取得血清(上清液)后以ELISA法檢測(cè)IL-4、IFN-γ,IL-4、IFN-γ檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自深圳晶美生物工程有限公司,所有操作嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說(shuō)明檢測(cè)。
1.3?統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料兩組檢驗(yàn)采用t檢驗(yàn),多組檢驗(yàn)采用方差分析,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2?結(jié)果
2.1?各組IL-4、IFN-γ檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較
神經(jīng)梅毒組、非神經(jīng)梅毒組、對(duì)照組三組之間IL-4、IFN-γ明顯存在不同(P<0.05),其中神經(jīng)梅毒組、非神經(jīng)梅毒組IL-4、IFN-γ濃度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),神經(jīng)梅毒組與非神經(jīng)梅毒組IL-4、IFN-γ濃度比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
表1??各組IL-4、IFN-γ檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較(,ng/L)
組別 n IL-4 IFN-γ
神經(jīng)梅毒組 34 140.71±50.04 213.76±20.06
非神經(jīng)梅毒組 34 134.03±43.23 206.37±13.65
對(duì)照組 34 34.82±13.48 160.24±14.63
F 19.63 6.74
P <0.05 <0.05
注:與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05,其中神經(jīng)梅毒組IL-4 t=11.91、IFN-γ t=12.78,非神經(jīng)梅毒組,IL-4 t=12.57、IFN-γ t=13.44
2.2?神經(jīng)梅毒組患者治療前后IL-4、IFN-γ檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較
神經(jīng)梅毒組患者在治療后IL-4、IFN-γ濃度明顯低于治療前,治療前后比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
表2??神經(jīng)梅毒組患者治療前后IL-4、IFN-γ檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較
(,ng/L)
組別 n IL-4 IFN-γ
治療前 34 140.71±50.04 243.76±20.06
治療后 34 110.73±43.21 213.08±14.55
t 2.64 7.22
P <0.05 <0.05
3?討論
神經(jīng)梅毒是梅毒中較為嚴(yán)重的一種特殊類型,神經(jīng)梅毒主要分為無(wú)癥狀性神經(jīng)梅毒、腦膜神經(jīng)梅毒、血管神經(jīng)梅毒、脊髓癆神經(jīng)梅毒、麻痹性神經(jīng)梅毒、先天性神經(jīng)梅毒,其中無(wú)癥狀梅毒無(wú)明顯癥狀,臨床發(fā)現(xiàn)的神經(jīng)梅毒多為血管神經(jīng)梅毒及腦膜神經(jīng)梅毒[6-8],患者以周圍神經(jīng)炎等癥狀出現(xiàn)而就診,檢測(cè)腦脊液TPPA陽(yáng)性可確診。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)梅毒的發(fā)病與梅毒螺旋體入侵導(dǎo)致人體免疫功能發(fā)生異常變化有關(guān)[3],在梅毒螺旋體感染人體后,機(jī)體反應(yīng)性的發(fā)生免疫應(yīng)答反應(yīng),主要表現(xiàn)為巨噬細(xì)胞及T細(xì)胞的活性增強(qiáng),此時(shí)IFN-γ及白細(xì)胞介素會(huì)大量分泌。IFN-γ主要有Th1細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,能上調(diào)白細(xì)胞介素-12的分泌增強(qiáng),反過(guò)來(lái)白細(xì)胞介素-12又能促使NK細(xì)胞分泌INF-γ,IL-4主要為Th2細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,能對(duì)細(xì)胞免疫功能進(jìn)行抑制,對(duì)Th2細(xì)胞具有促使分化定向的作用,因而IL-4、INF-γ的異常往往提示機(jī)體免疫功能的異常[3]。臨床研究證實(shí)早期梅毒患者INF-γ、IL-12等明顯升高[9-10],在免疫應(yīng)答狀態(tài)下表現(xiàn)為Th1的優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,因而能起到清除梅毒螺旋體的作用,隨著病情控制INF-γ、IL-4會(huì)有所下降,在患者病情進(jìn)入II期梅毒后,患者的INF-γ、IL-4會(huì)明顯呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),此時(shí)表現(xiàn)為Th2免疫反應(yīng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)較強(qiáng),但是對(duì)神經(jīng)梅毒患者INF-γ、IL-4的變化臨床研究相對(duì)較少,Logo EC、Gnanasgaram M、Schotanus M等[11-13]國(guó)外學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)梅毒患者與普通梅毒患者一樣均出現(xiàn)Th1/Th2的免疫漂移,INF-γ、IL-4在梅毒患者血清中有升高變化。本文對(duì)神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者INF-γ、IL-4變化進(jìn)行了對(duì)照研究,結(jié)果顯示神經(jīng)梅毒患者INF-γ、IL-4水平與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者之間并無(wú)明顯不同,提示梅毒螺旋體的感染繁殖數(shù)量與病情進(jìn)程可能無(wú)關(guān),病情的進(jìn)展是由于Th1/Th2免疫應(yīng)答平衡發(fā)生改變所致,而無(wú)論是神經(jīng)梅毒還是非神經(jīng)梅毒患者均較正常人群均表現(xiàn)為INF-γ、IL-4水平升高。本文對(duì)神經(jīng)梅毒患者治療前后的INF-γ、IL-4水平變化進(jìn)行了觀察,結(jié)果顯示在有效治療后患者INF-γ、IL-4水平明顯較治療前下降,提示有效的治療也改善患者的Th1/Th2失衡情況,與國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究報(bào)道結(jié)果相符[14-18]。有報(bào)道顯示早期梅毒患者INF-γ呈現(xiàn)高水平表達(dá)[2],在隨著患者分期的進(jìn)展有降低,認(rèn)為免疫應(yīng)答過(guò)程中Th1優(yōu)勢(shì)變化逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)門h2優(yōu)勢(shì)變化,免疫水平處于不斷降低過(guò)程,因而預(yù)后較差,由于神經(jīng)梅毒患者臨床少見,因而本研究未能就患者所處分期情況進(jìn)一步研究是否存在INF-γ、IL-4水平的不同表達(dá)。
綜上所述,神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者均存在IL-4、IFN-γ升高變化,神經(jīng)梅毒與非神經(jīng)梅毒患者之間IL-4、IFN-γ無(wú)明顯差異,經(jīng)過(guò)治療IL-4、IFN-γ水平會(huì)明顯下降。
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[17] 師金川,季必華,常小麗,等.梅毒血清復(fù)發(fā)患者腦脊液IFN-γ等指標(biāo)檢測(cè)結(jié)果分析[J].中國(guó)艾滋病性病,2013(3):195-197.
[18] 丁巖,劉平.神經(jīng)梅毒的診治研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2011,31(16):3214-3216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-13)
endprint
[6] 譚燕,王麗娟,張玉虎,等.神經(jīng)梅毒腦脊液蛋白含量與3年遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后相關(guān)研究[J].中華神經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2013,12(2):183-186.
[7] Liu LL,Zheng WH,Tong ML,et al.Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients[J].Journal of the neurological sciences,2012,317(1):35-39.
[8] Kinson RM,Chan LG.Psychiatric Symptoms as the Sole Manifestation of Neurosyphilis[J].The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences,2013,25(4):E39-E40.
[9] 劉春,齊淑貞,龍福泉,等.梅毒患者白介素4和Toll樣受體2基因單核苷酸動(dòng)態(tài)性研究[J].國(guó)際皮膚性病學(xué)雜志,2010,26(6):306-308.
[10] 王瑞,曹鴻瑋,鄭曉紅,等.血清干擾素γ、白細(xì)胞介素18在早期梅毒的表達(dá)及臨床意義[J].中華醫(yī)院感染學(xué)雜志,2013,23(16):3830-3832.
[11] Lago EG,Vaccari A,F(xiàn)iori RM.Clinical features and follow-up of congenital syphilis[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(2):85-94.
[12] Gnanasegaram M,Coutts I.A case of adrenal insufficiency secondary to syphilis and difficulties in the diagnostic work‐up[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2013,54(1):e19-e21.
[13] Schotanus M,Dorleijn DMJ,Hosman AJF,et al.A patient with multifocal tabetic arthropathy: a case report and review of literature[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(3):251-257.
[14] Pastuszczak M,Jakiela B,Wielowieyska-Szybinska D,et al.Elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-17A and interferon-[gamma] levels in early asymptomatic neurosyphilis[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(10):808-812.
(下轉(zhuǎn)第頁(yè))
(上接第頁(yè))
[15] Patel VB,Singh R,Connolly C,et al.Comparative utility of cytokine levels and quantitative RD-1-specific T cell responses for rapid immunodiagnosis of tuberculous meningitis[J].Journal of clinical microbiology,2011,49(11):3971-3976.
[16] Bijker EM,Bastiaens GJH,Teirlinck AC,et al.Protection against malaria after immunization by chloroquine prophylaxis and sporozoites is mediated by preerythrocytic immunity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(19):7862-7867.
[17] 師金川,季必華,常小麗,等.梅毒血清復(fù)發(fā)患者腦脊液IFN-γ等指標(biāo)檢測(cè)結(jié)果分析[J].中國(guó)艾滋病性病,2013(3):195-197.
[18] 丁巖,劉平.神經(jīng)梅毒的診治研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2011,31(16):3214-3216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-13)
endprint
[6] 譚燕,王麗娟,張玉虎,等.神經(jīng)梅毒腦脊液蛋白含量與3年遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后相關(guān)研究[J].中華神經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2013,12(2):183-186.
[7] Liu LL,Zheng WH,Tong ML,et al.Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients[J].Journal of the neurological sciences,2012,317(1):35-39.
[8] Kinson RM,Chan LG.Psychiatric Symptoms as the Sole Manifestation of Neurosyphilis[J].The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences,2013,25(4):E39-E40.
[9] 劉春,齊淑貞,龍福泉,等.梅毒患者白介素4和Toll樣受體2基因單核苷酸動(dòng)態(tài)性研究[J].國(guó)際皮膚性病學(xué)雜志,2010,26(6):306-308.
[10] 王瑞,曹鴻瑋,鄭曉紅,等.血清干擾素γ、白細(xì)胞介素18在早期梅毒的表達(dá)及臨床意義[J].中華醫(yī)院感染學(xué)雜志,2013,23(16):3830-3832.
[11] Lago EG,Vaccari A,F(xiàn)iori RM.Clinical features and follow-up of congenital syphilis[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(2):85-94.
[12] Gnanasegaram M,Coutts I.A case of adrenal insufficiency secondary to syphilis and difficulties in the diagnostic work‐up[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2013,54(1):e19-e21.
[13] Schotanus M,Dorleijn DMJ,Hosman AJF,et al.A patient with multifocal tabetic arthropathy: a case report and review of literature[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(3):251-257.
[14] Pastuszczak M,Jakiela B,Wielowieyska-Szybinska D,et al.Elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-17A and interferon-[gamma] levels in early asymptomatic neurosyphilis[J].Sexually transmitted diseases,2013,40(10):808-812.
(下轉(zhuǎn)第頁(yè))
(上接第頁(yè))
[15] Patel VB,Singh R,Connolly C,et al.Comparative utility of cytokine levels and quantitative RD-1-specific T cell responses for rapid immunodiagnosis of tuberculous meningitis[J].Journal of clinical microbiology,2011,49(11):3971-3976.
[16] Bijker EM,Bastiaens GJH,Teirlinck AC,et al.Protection against malaria after immunization by chloroquine prophylaxis and sporozoites is mediated by preerythrocytic immunity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(19):7862-7867.
[17] 師金川,季必華,常小麗,等.梅毒血清復(fù)發(fā)患者腦脊液IFN-γ等指標(biāo)檢測(cè)結(jié)果分析[J].中國(guó)艾滋病性病,2013(3):195-197.
[18] 丁巖,劉平.神經(jīng)梅毒的診治研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2011,31(16):3214-3216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-13)
endprint