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阿侖膦酸鈉聯(lián)合辛伐他汀對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松骨折的影響

2014-08-11 05:52薛江義等
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥科學(xué) 2014年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:辛伐他汀骨質(zhì)疏松骨折

薛江義等

[摘要] 目的 通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察阿侖膦酸鈉聯(lián)合辛伐他汀對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影響。 方法 成年雌性SD大鼠50只,隨機(jī)分為5組:(A)假手術(shù)對(duì)照組;(B)去勢(shì)對(duì)照組;(C)去勢(shì)阿侖膦酸鈉組;(D)去勢(shì)辛伐他汀組;(E)去勢(shì)聯(lián)合用藥組。B、C、D、E組行雙側(cè)卵巢切除術(shù),A組僅切除部分脂肪組織。8周后每組隨機(jī)選取2只大鼠確認(rèn)骨質(zhì)疏松造模成功后,各組均行左側(cè)股骨中段骨折,并使用克氏針?biāo)鑳?nèi)固定。骨折內(nèi)固定術(shù)后予以下藥物干預(yù):A、B兩組:生理鹽水5mL/(kg·d)灌胃8周;C組:阿侖膦酸鈉0.5mg/(kg·d)灌胃8周;D組:辛伐他汀20mg/(kg·d) 灌胃8周;E組阿侖膦酸鈉0.5mg/(kg·d)+辛伐他汀20mg/(kg·d)灌胃8周。所有大鼠處死后收集血樣和左側(cè)股骨,進(jìn)行血鈣、磷、堿性磷酸酶含量、股骨X線(xiàn)骨密度及生物力學(xué)強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)。 結(jié)果 卵巢去勢(shì)組對(duì)比假手術(shù)對(duì)照組骨密度有明顯減少,血清堿性磷酸酶水平升高,血鈣、磷變化無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;使用阿侖膦酸鈉及聯(lián)合辛伐他汀治療8周后,血鈣、磷變化無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,堿性磷酸酶降低,股骨骨密度、生物力學(xué)功能獲得改善,其中聯(lián)合用藥組更為明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 阿侖膦酸鈉有助于骨質(zhì)疏松骨折愈合后生物力學(xué)功能的恢復(fù),其中辛伐他汀可起到協(xié)同作用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 雙膦酸鹽;阿侖膦酸鈉;辛伐他?。还琴|(zhì)疏松;骨折

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R591.4 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)10-20-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of alendronate combined with simvastatin on the osteoporotic fracture healing in rats.Methods 50 SD adult female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:(A)sham operation control group;(B)ovariectomized control group;(C)ovariectomized alendronate group;(D)simvastatin group;(E)ovariectomized alendronate and simvastatin group.B,C,D,Egroup underwent ovariectomy surgery,A group only partially excised adipose tissue.8 weeks later,2 rats were selected randomly from each group to confirm osteoporosis successful modeling.Then the midshaft femur fracture model was established by an operation and intramedullary nails fixation was achieved with Kirschner wire.Deal each group of rats with such drug intervention as follows:(A,B) physiological saline 5mL/(kg·d)gavage for 8 weeks; (C)alendronate 0.5mg/(kg·d) gavage for 8 weeks;(D)simvastatin 20mg/(kg·d)gavage for 8 weeks (E)alendronate 0.5mg/(kg·d)+ simvastatin 20mg/(kg·d) gavage for 8 weeks.All the rats were killed and their blood samples and left femurs were collected.The serum calcium, phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)content,X-ray bone mineral density(BMD) and biomechanical strength were detected. Results Compared with the sham group,the ovariectomized group had significantly reduced bone mineral density,elevated ALP level and serum calcium,phosphorus content had no significant change.After treatment witn alendronate and simvastatin for 8 weeks,calcium,phosphorus content had no significant change;alkaline phosphatase level decreased;femoral bone mineral density and biomechanical strength were improved.This result is more obvious in alendronate and simvastatin group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Alendronate is beneficial to the restoration of biomechanical function in the osteoporosis fracture healing,and simvastatin can play a synergistic effect.endprint

[Key words] Bisphosphonates;Alendronate;Simvastatin;Osteoporosis;Fracture healing

骨質(zhì)疏松癥(osteoporosis)是由多種原因引起的骨脆性增加、骨強(qiáng)度降低從而易于骨折的代謝性骨病。目前骨質(zhì)疏松已成為危害中、老年人健康的主要疾病之一[1]。骨折是骨質(zhì)疏松癥的主要并發(fā)癥。Nikolaou等[2]通過(guò)臨床研究證實(shí)骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者的股骨干骨折的骨折愈合顯著延遲,因此探討骨折疏松性骨折的術(shù)后藥物干預(yù)能否促進(jìn)骨折愈合顯得尤為重要。雙膦酸鹽主要是通過(guò)抑制破骨細(xì)胞活性和增高骨密度來(lái)降低骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而他汀類(lèi)藥物則是通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)BMP-2的高表達(dá),從而具有促進(jìn)成骨的作用[3]。骨密度、骨生物力學(xué)分別是評(píng)價(jià)骨骼強(qiáng)度和骨折愈合質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇監(jiān)測(cè)該些指標(biāo)[4-5]。骨轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程是骨吸收和骨形成互相平衡的結(jié)果,雙膦酸鹽和辛伐他汀促進(jìn)骨折愈合的機(jī)制正好相反,因此通過(guò)本研究驗(yàn)證該兩種藥物同時(shí)應(yīng)用是否能更加有效的促進(jìn)骨質(zhì)疏松骨折愈合。

3 討論

雙膦酸鹽(bisphosphonates,BPs)作為穩(wěn)定的無(wú)機(jī)焦磷酸鹽類(lèi)似物,不易被焦磷酸酯酶降解,可以抑制骨吸收并同時(shí)干擾破骨細(xì)胞附著,使破骨細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,也可通過(guò)抑制成骨細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生而阻止破骨細(xì)胞修復(fù),從而使骨密度增加,抑制骨吸收的強(qiáng)度也大大增加[8]。由于骨轉(zhuǎn)換是破骨細(xì)胞與成骨細(xì)胞相互作用的過(guò)程,BPs抑制破骨細(xì)胞活性,同時(shí)對(duì)成骨細(xì)胞也存在抑制作用,而成骨細(xì)胞活性與骨折愈合過(guò)程密切相關(guān)。但有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,BPs對(duì)骨折愈合影響不明顯[9]。也有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,BPs雖然抑制骨吸收,但會(huì)提高骨痂骨礦含量及體積,改善骨骼力學(xué)特性[10-11]。另一項(xiàng)關(guān)于唑來(lái)膦酸的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)也提示雙膦酸鹽雖會(huì)抑制骨重建,但對(duì)骨痂形成具有促進(jìn)作用[12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示阿侖膦酸鈉可促進(jìn)骨強(qiáng)度的增加和骨密度提高。

他汀類(lèi)藥物(statins)是羥甲基五二酰輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制和反饋刺激作用,減少細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇合成以及增加血清膽固醇的清除,是目前臨床常用降脂藥物[13]。上世紀(jì)末Mundy等[3]發(fā)現(xiàn)他汀類(lèi)藥物具有促進(jìn)成骨的作用,其能明顯刺激體外培養(yǎng)的成骨細(xì)胞增殖。許多基礎(chǔ)和臨床研究支持上述觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為對(duì)于骨轉(zhuǎn)換指標(biāo)、增加骨礦物密度及降低骨折危險(xiǎn)因素,他汀類(lèi)藥物均可產(chǎn)生積極影響。本世紀(jì)初,Maritz等[7]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)辛伐他汀雖然不能阻止去勢(shì)大鼠骨量的丟失,但確實(shí)對(duì)骨轉(zhuǎn)換和骨代謝有刺激作用,尤其以高劑量組[20mg/(kg·d)]更為明顯[7]。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示他汀類(lèi)藥物可作為成骨類(lèi)抗骨質(zhì)疏松藥的潛在手段。關(guān)于藥物干預(yù)方式,早年在辛伐他汀對(duì)骨折愈合或骨缺損愈合影響的研究中,主要以骨折局部皮下注射或內(nèi)固定涂層等局部給藥為主[14],但由于在辛伐他汀的臨床應(yīng)用上多為口服,近年來(lái)通過(guò)口服(灌胃)給藥方式觀察辛伐他汀對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠骨折愈合影響的研究逐漸增多。本研究選擇了灌胃給藥方式,結(jié)果顯示辛伐他汀組(D組)和骨質(zhì)疏松對(duì)照組(B組)之間比較,骨密度和骨骼生物力學(xué)強(qiáng)度差異較小,無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,考慮可能與口服給藥后骨折局部未達(dá)到有效藥物濃度等因素有關(guān),具體仍待進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)。

綜上所述,雙膦酸鹽類(lèi)藥物是目前防治骨質(zhì)疏松癥的臨床常用藥物,其對(duì)骨折愈合過(guò)程的影響可能與藥物種類(lèi)、劑量、給藥時(shí)間及患者年齡有關(guān)。其中多數(shù)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)及臨床研究結(jié)果顯示,常規(guī)劑量BPs對(duì)骨折愈合無(wú)明顯不利影響。但目前動(dòng)物研究中提示BPs可提高骨痂骨礦含量及體積,因此能夠增加骨折植入物的穩(wěn)定性。且本研究中證實(shí)了阿侖膦酸鈉能夠增加骨密度,增強(qiáng)生物力學(xué)特性,這些都是對(duì)于促進(jìn)骨折愈合較為積極的因素。但是目前關(guān)于BPs對(duì)骨折愈合的最終影響仍未達(dá)成共識(shí),且關(guān)于雙膦酸鹽藥物最佳干預(yù)時(shí)間、藥物劑量及給藥方式等仍需實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步研究。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Consensus development conference:diagnosis,prophylaxis,and treatment of osteoporosis[J].Am J Med,1993,94(6):646-650.

[2] Nikolaou VS,Efstathopoulos N,Kontakis Q,et al.The influence of osteoporosis in femoral fracture healing time[J].Injury,2009,40(6):663-668.

[3] Mundy G,Garrett R,Harris S,etal.Stimulation of bone f ormation in vitro and in rodents by statins[J].Science,1999,286(5446):1946-1949.

[4] Dempster DW.The impact of bone turnover and bone active agents on bone quality:focus on the hip [J].Osteoporos Int,2002,13:349-352.

[5] Meunier PJ.Anabolic agents for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis[J].Joint Bone Spine,2001, 68:576-581.

[6] 薛廷,李軍,王序.不同劑量阿侖膦酸鈉對(duì)卵巢切除大鼠骨丟失和骨質(zhì)量影響[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2002,37(4): 272-275.

[7] Maritz FJ,Cnnradiem M,Hulleyp A,et al.Effects of statins on bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in rodents[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2001,21(10):1636-1641.endprint

[8] Martin T,Gooi JH,Sims NA.Molecular mechanisms in coupling of bone formation to resorption [J].Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr,2009,19: 73-88.

[9] Rozental TD,Vazquez MA,Chacko AT,et al.Comparison of radiographic fracture healing in the distal radius for Patients on and off bisphosphonate therapy[J].J Hand Surg Am,2009,34:595-602.

[10] Matos MA,Tannuri U,Guarniero R.The effect of zoledronate during bone healing[J].J Orthopaed Traumatol,2010,11:7-12.

[11] Amanat N,Mcdonald M,Godfrey C,et al.Optimal timing of bolus intravenous zoledronic acid in a rat fracture model[J].J Bone Miner Res,2007,22:867-876.

[12] Li YF,Zhou CC,Li J,et al.The effects of combined human parathyroid hormone(1-34) and zoledronic acid treatment on fracture healing in osteoporotic rats[J/OL].OsteoporosInt,2011[2011-12-30].

[13] Bollerslev,JWikon SC,Dick M,et al.LRP5 gene polymorphisms predict bone masss arld irlcident factures in elderly australian wowen[J].Bone,2005,36(4):599-606.

[14] Tannigo,Takaoka,Tabatay.Sustained release of water-insolublesim vastatin from biodegradable hydrogel augments bone regenerationJ].J Controlled Release,2010,143(2):201-206.

(收稿日期:2014-03-25)endprint

[8] Martin T,Gooi JH,Sims NA.Molecular mechanisms in coupling of bone formation to resorption [J].Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr,2009,19: 73-88.

[9] Rozental TD,Vazquez MA,Chacko AT,et al.Comparison of radiographic fracture healing in the distal radius for Patients on and off bisphosphonate therapy[J].J Hand Surg Am,2009,34:595-602.

[10] Matos MA,Tannuri U,Guarniero R.The effect of zoledronate during bone healing[J].J Orthopaed Traumatol,2010,11:7-12.

[11] Amanat N,Mcdonald M,Godfrey C,et al.Optimal timing of bolus intravenous zoledronic acid in a rat fracture model[J].J Bone Miner Res,2007,22:867-876.

[12] Li YF,Zhou CC,Li J,et al.The effects of combined human parathyroid hormone(1-34) and zoledronic acid treatment on fracture healing in osteoporotic rats[J/OL].OsteoporosInt,2011[2011-12-30].

[13] Bollerslev,JWikon SC,Dick M,et al.LRP5 gene polymorphisms predict bone masss arld irlcident factures in elderly australian wowen[J].Bone,2005,36(4):599-606.

[14] Tannigo,Takaoka,Tabatay.Sustained release of water-insolublesim vastatin from biodegradable hydrogel augments bone regenerationJ].J Controlled Release,2010,143(2):201-206.

(收稿日期:2014-03-25)endprint

[8] Martin T,Gooi JH,Sims NA.Molecular mechanisms in coupling of bone formation to resorption [J].Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr,2009,19: 73-88.

[9] Rozental TD,Vazquez MA,Chacko AT,et al.Comparison of radiographic fracture healing in the distal radius for Patients on and off bisphosphonate therapy[J].J Hand Surg Am,2009,34:595-602.

[10] Matos MA,Tannuri U,Guarniero R.The effect of zoledronate during bone healing[J].J Orthopaed Traumatol,2010,11:7-12.

[11] Amanat N,Mcdonald M,Godfrey C,et al.Optimal timing of bolus intravenous zoledronic acid in a rat fracture model[J].J Bone Miner Res,2007,22:867-876.

[12] Li YF,Zhou CC,Li J,et al.The effects of combined human parathyroid hormone(1-34) and zoledronic acid treatment on fracture healing in osteoporotic rats[J/OL].OsteoporosInt,2011[2011-12-30].

[13] Bollerslev,JWikon SC,Dick M,et al.LRP5 gene polymorphisms predict bone masss arld irlcident factures in elderly australian wowen[J].Bone,2005,36(4):599-606.

[14] Tannigo,Takaoka,Tabatay.Sustained release of water-insolublesim vastatin from biodegradable hydrogel augments bone regenerationJ].J Controlled Release,2010,143(2):201-206.

(收稿日期:2014-03-25)endprint

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