国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

淺析英語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化

2014-08-15 00:53任麗霞內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭察布市集寧區(qū)第七中學(xué)
基礎(chǔ)教育論壇 2014年28期
關(guān)鍵詞:執(zhí)行者語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

任麗霞(內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭察布市集寧區(qū)第七中學(xué))

我們知道,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中有十幾種時(shí)態(tài),時(shí)態(tài)以時(shí)間為主軸.而語(yǔ)態(tài)只有兩種,即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).每一種時(shí)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法允許范圍內(nèi),都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).那么,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是如何轉(zhuǎn)化成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的呢?或者,二者之間又有哪些特例呢?帶著這些問(wèn)題,讓我們一起讀以下的內(nèi)容吧!

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者.例如,我們常說(shuō)“我們說(shuō)英語(yǔ)”或“英語(yǔ)被我們講”,前者是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),后者是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).為什么要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)呢?當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí),都要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).要想知道主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如何變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),首先需要了解每一種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),在此基礎(chǔ)上,再轉(zhuǎn)化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

讓我們先看一個(gè)例子:

例 Many people speak English.

English is spoken by many people.

通過(guò)上面的例子我們可以看出,把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)(English)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)(English),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)(speak)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)(is spoken),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)(many people)變成by 的賓語(yǔ),組成介詞短語(yǔ),放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)之后.如果動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)需說(shuō)明或不必強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),by 短語(yǔ)可省略.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心部分就是謂語(yǔ),即be+V.pp.在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中,be 的形式不同.下面我們就分別看看不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,be 的三種形式is,am,are,所以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是is/am/are+V.pp.在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中,be有兩種形式was 和were,所以一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)就是was/were+V.pp.

例 (1)Colour TVs are sold at the shop.

(2)This kind of paper is made in our country.

(3)The book was bought by my father yesterday.

(4)I was given some books by my father last week.

(5)Some books were given to me by my father last week.

知道be+V.pp 是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心部分,其他各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)都會(huì)迎刃而解.例如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)是is/am/are being+V.pp.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)就是will/shall be+V.pp.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)即have/has been+V.pp.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)也遵循這一規(guī)則,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V.pp.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)即to be+V.pp 下面通過(guò)實(shí)例來(lái)看各種形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

例 (6)The song is being sung by the singer.

(7)A new school will be opened by us in our hometown next year.

(8)A lot of buildings have been put up by them in Jiangxi.

(9)The homework should be finished in 2 hours.

(10)The homework has to be written now.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),有幾點(diǎn)需要大家注意.

一、在含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),若將直接賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),必須根據(jù)習(xí)慣在原間接賓語(yǔ)前加to 或for.如上面的例(5).

二、含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只能將賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ),原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),位置不變.如賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是由不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)時(shí),改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,動(dòng)詞不定式前必須加上to.

例 (11)They must name the baby Tom.

The baby must be named Tom(by them).

(12)I often see him read English.

He is often seen to read English(by me).

(13)The news made him jump excitedly.

He was made to jump excitedly(by the news).

三、不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),把這一短語(yǔ)作為一整體來(lái)看待,不能分開(kāi).

例 (14)The old should be taken good care of.

(15)The story is being listened to by the students.

在下列情況下的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):

1)表示靜止的及物動(dòng)詞不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如have(有),fit(適合),cost,hold(容納)等.

例 (16)I have a radio.

(17)The room can hold 200 people.

2)表示變化性的系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如become,turn,get,grow,look 等.

例 (18)The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

3)直接賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞(each other)不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

例 (19)I can look after myself well.

(20)We often learn from each other.

4)如果賓語(yǔ)是從句時(shí),不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

例 (21)I hope he will be back in an hour.

5)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)前,有指主語(yǔ)的物主代詞時(shí),不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

例 (22)The boy cut his hand.

6)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).

例 (23)Have you finished reading the book?

(24)He began to read the newspaper.

在中學(xué)階段,還會(huì)接觸到兩個(gè)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的特例:

need/require/want doing(需要被做)=need/require/want to be done

be worth doing 值得做

例 (25)The flowers need watering.

=The flowers need to be watered.

這些花需要(被)澆水了.

例 (26)The film is worth seeing.

這部電影值得(被)一看.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用大大豐富了英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式,了解掌握英語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化后,對(duì)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作及閱讀能力都會(huì)有所促進(jìn),也能更靈活地運(yùn)用英語(yǔ).

猜你喜歡
執(zhí)行者語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)(The Paasive Voice) 九年級(jí) Unit5—7
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)大放送
“最關(guān)鍵”的施工力量——決策者、執(zhí)行者與實(shí)施者
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)題這樣得高分
淺談副校長(zhǎng)在學(xué)校管理中的定位
“媒介技術(shù)論”語(yǔ)態(tài)下的宗教形態(tài)與傳播
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)解讀與演練