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開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪性能試驗(yàn)研究

2014-10-27 13:43黃靚許仲遠(yuǎn)高翔
關(guān)鍵詞:砌體

黃靚 許仲遠(yuǎn) 高翔

摘要:通過對開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪試件的靜力試驗(yàn)研究,了解了開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的試件開裂荷載、極限承載力、破壞過程和破壞特征.試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,開槽砌塊灌孔砌體和普通灌孔砌塊砌體相比,其抗剪強(qiáng)度得到一定程度的提高.分析了影響灌孔砌塊砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度的多種因素,并根據(jù)Hoffman準(zhǔn)則以及現(xiàn)行的規(guī)范公式,建立了開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度公式,公式的計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合較好.建立了開槽與不開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度的統(tǒng)一表達(dá)式,結(jié)果表明,將其運(yùn)用在不開槽砌塊的抗剪強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算中是可行的.

關(guān)鍵詞:砌體;空心砌塊;破壞機(jī)理;抗剪強(qiáng)度

中圖分類號:TU205 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A

Abstract: 3 groups of 18 shear specimens were tested to investigate the failure processes,failure characteristics and ultimate capacity. It was shown that, due to the knocking out of the slot rib, the upper and lower core columns were connected and thus made them collaborate. As a result, the shear strength of the grouted slotted block masonry was moderately higher than that of the ordinary grouted masonry. Based on the shear mechanism of concrete block masonry, a shear strength formula of grouted slotted block masonry was built with Hoffman criteria, and a uniform shear strength formula suitable for both slotted and unslotted block masonry was proposed. The calculated values, which were generated by formula developed in this method, were in good agreement with the test results.

Key words: masonry structure; hollow block; failure mechanism; shear strength

砌體是一種歷史悠久的建筑材料,具有較強(qiáng)的生命力\[1\],在經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)仍然是最主要的結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一,但傳統(tǒng)砌體結(jié)構(gòu)存在許多問題\[2\],而配筋砌塊砌體結(jié)構(gòu)則能夠在很大程度上改善傳統(tǒng)砌體的整體性能\[3\].在配筋砌塊砌體結(jié)構(gòu)中,為方便預(yù)留用于放置水平鋼筋的水平通孔,工程中常采用肋部有開槽的混凝土砌塊,砌筑墻體時(shí),將砌塊開槽肋敲掉便可形成橫向通孔.

目前,國外學(xué)者建立了多種剪壓復(fù)合作用下砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算式\[4\],這其中最經(jīng)典的是:Turnseck以及Froeht,Borchelt等人提出的主拉應(yīng)力破壞理論,Hendry和Sinha提出的庫侖破壞理論,Chinwah,Pieper,Schneider和Trautsch等人根據(jù)試驗(yàn)研究提出的剪摩破壞機(jī)理.

國內(nèi)方面,駱萬康等人采用剪摩理論,引入剪壓復(fù)合受力影響系數(shù)的概念,建立了砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算式,已被我國現(xiàn)行砌體規(guī)范所采用\[5\].洪峰將主拉強(qiáng)度理論與剪摩理論相結(jié)合,提出一種新的拉摩強(qiáng)度理論,這種理論對剪摩和剪壓兩類破壞擬合均比較好,但缺乏對于斜壓破壞的描述\[6\].蔡勇通過最小耗能原理建立了簡捷實(shí)用的設(shè)計(jì)公式,但公式?jīng)]有下降段,且缺乏對高軸壓比狀態(tài)的描述\[7\].

然而到目前為止,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者大多只研究了未開槽砌塊砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度、抗壓強(qiáng)度、本構(gòu)關(guān)系等基本力學(xué)性能,卻忽視了肋部開槽對砌體基本力學(xué)性能可能產(chǎn)生的影響,故其研究結(jié)論具有一定的局限性.開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的力學(xué)性能與普通灌孔砌塊砌體相比更接近工程實(shí)際,所以砌塊開槽對砌體基本力學(xué)性能的影響有進(jìn)一步的研究價(jià)值.

本文對3組18個(gè)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪試件進(jìn)行了靜力試驗(yàn),以了解開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的受剪開裂荷載、受剪極限承載力,并利用Hoffman準(zhǔn)則,對開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行了建立,并以此為根據(jù),建立了開槽與不開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度的統(tǒng)一表達(dá)式.

2開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的受剪破壞特征

試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,開槽砌塊灌孔砌體沿豎向灰縫的受剪面有兩種破壞形態(tài):單面破壞與雙面破壞,見圖4.試驗(yàn)過程中灰縫砂漿與芯柱混凝土的破壞呈現(xiàn)出先后性,砌體受剪試件破壞并非瞬間發(fā)生,在豎向灰縫受力開裂時(shí),因芯柱混凝土并沒有到達(dá)抗剪承載力極限狀態(tài),試件承載力仍在增加,呈現(xiàn)出一定的延性.砌體試件破壞時(shí),除了上、下兩芯柱正截面受剪破壞外(圖5所示AB,CD截面),還會在開裂灰縫和相應(yīng)一側(cè)的底部承壓面之間出現(xiàn)斜裂縫.大多數(shù)試件的斜裂縫的開始位置剛好便是砌塊敲掉開槽肋的地方,個(gè)別試件稍有上、下移動,且斜裂縫和底部承壓面之間大致呈60°角(圖5所示EF截面).由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果所測得的開槽砌塊灌孔砌體隨著灌孔混凝土強(qiáng)度的變化,受剪開裂荷載和極限荷載的比值的表現(xiàn)為A組試件是66%~88%,B組試件是55%~71%,C組試件為53%~91%,可知,當(dāng)灌孔混凝土的強(qiáng)度增大時(shí),砌體受剪開裂有所推遲.

5結(jié)論

本文通過對3組18個(gè)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體試件進(jìn)行的受剪試驗(yàn)研究和理論分析,主要得到了以下結(jié)論:

1)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體沿通縫截面有兩種受剪破壞形態(tài):單面破壞和雙面破壞.灰縫砂漿的破壞和芯柱混凝土的破壞具有先后性.

2)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體試件在發(fā)生剪切破壞時(shí),會在開裂灰縫與相應(yīng)一側(cè)的底部承壓面中間產(chǎn)生斜向裂縫,角度大致呈60°.

3)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體由于敲掉了砌塊的開槽肋,被聯(lián)通的上下芯柱混凝土能夠協(xié)同工作,使其開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度與普通灌孔砌塊砌體相比有一定的增大.

4)利用Hoffman準(zhǔn)則建立用于計(jì)算開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度的公式,其計(jì)算值與本文的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

5)以開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算公式為基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)一了開槽與不開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算式,用此式計(jì)算不開槽砌塊砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度是可行的,其計(jì)算值與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]宋力. 混凝土砌塊砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)研究與非線性有限元分析\[D\].長沙:湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2005:1-50.

SONG Li. Research and nonlinear finite element analysis on the basic mechanical properties of concrete masonry\[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2005:1-50. (In Chinese)

[2]SUCUOGLU H, MCNIVEN H D. Seismic shear capacity of reinforced masonry piers\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991, 117(7): 2166-2185.

[3]XU Zipeng, HUANG Liang, WU Zhiwei. Experimental research on seismic behavior of reinforced Nblock masonry shear wall\[C\]//Earth and Space 2010 Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Honolulu, Hawaii:ASCE, 2010: 2806-2820.

[4]MINAIE E, MOTA M, MOON F L, et al. Inplane behavior of partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010, 136(9): 1089-1097.

[5]駱萬康, 李錫軍. 磚砌體剪壓復(fù)合受力動、靜力特性與抗剪強(qiáng)度公式\[J\]. 重慶建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 22(4): 13-19.

LUO Wankang, LI Xijun. Composite masonry shear pressure force static and dynamic force characteristics and shear strength formula \[J\]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2000, 22(4): 13-19. (In Chinese)

[6]洪峰, 王紹博. 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震抗剪強(qiáng)度分析\[J\]. 地震工程與工程振動, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.

HONG Feng, WANG Shaobo. Analysis of earth quake shear strength of masonry structures\[J\]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.(In Chinese)

[7]蔡勇, 施楚賢, 馬超林, 等. 砌體在剪―壓作用下抗剪強(qiáng)度研究\[J\]. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(5): 118-123.

CAI Yong, SHI Chuxian, MA Chaolin, et al. Study of the masonry shear strength under shearcompression action\[J\]. Journal of Building Structures, 2004, 25(5): 118-123. (In Chinese)

[8]GBJ 129-90砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)方法\[S\]. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 1990:2-20.

GBJ 129-90 The basic mechanics function experiments method standard of masonry \[S\]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1990:2-20. (In Chinese)

[9]施楚賢.砌體結(jié)構(gòu)理論與設(shè)計(jì)\[M\]. 2版. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2003:1-381.

SHI Chuxian. The theory and design of masonry structure \[M\]. 2nd. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2003:1-381.(In Chinese)

[10]RAMAMURTHY K, SATHISH V, AMBALAVANAN R. Compressive strength prediction of hollow concrete block masonry prisms\[J\]. ACI Structural Journal, 2000, 97(7): 61-67.

[11]GB 50003-2001 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范\[S\]. 北京:中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2002:1-93.

GB 50003-2001 Code for design of masonry structures \[S\]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2002:1-93. (In Chinese)

[12]楊偉軍. 混凝土砌體配筋剪力墻研究及砌體結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性分析\[D\]. 長沙: 湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2000:1-110.

YANG Weijun. Research on concrete masonry and reinforced masonry shear wall and reliability analysis of masonry structures \[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2000:1-110. (In Chinese)

[13]黃靚, 高翔, 陳良, 等. N式砌塊砌體受剪性能試驗(yàn)研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 37(2), 14-17.

1)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體沿通縫截面有兩種受剪破壞形態(tài):單面破壞和雙面破壞.灰縫砂漿的破壞和芯柱混凝土的破壞具有先后性.

2)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體試件在發(fā)生剪切破壞時(shí),會在開裂灰縫與相應(yīng)一側(cè)的底部承壓面中間產(chǎn)生斜向裂縫,角度大致呈60°.

3)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體由于敲掉了砌塊的開槽肋,被聯(lián)通的上下芯柱混凝土能夠協(xié)同工作,使其開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度與普通灌孔砌塊砌體相比有一定的增大.

4)利用Hoffman準(zhǔn)則建立用于計(jì)算開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度的公式,其計(jì)算值與本文的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

5)以開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算公式為基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)一了開槽與不開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算式,用此式計(jì)算不開槽砌塊砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度是可行的,其計(jì)算值與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]宋力. 混凝土砌塊砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)研究與非線性有限元分析\[D\].長沙:湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2005:1-50.

SONG Li. Research and nonlinear finite element analysis on the basic mechanical properties of concrete masonry\[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2005:1-50. (In Chinese)

[2]SUCUOGLU H, MCNIVEN H D. Seismic shear capacity of reinforced masonry piers\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991, 117(7): 2166-2185.

[3]XU Zipeng, HUANG Liang, WU Zhiwei. Experimental research on seismic behavior of reinforced Nblock masonry shear wall\[C\]//Earth and Space 2010 Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Honolulu, Hawaii:ASCE, 2010: 2806-2820.

[4]MINAIE E, MOTA M, MOON F L, et al. Inplane behavior of partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010, 136(9): 1089-1097.

[5]駱萬康, 李錫軍. 磚砌體剪壓復(fù)合受力動、靜力特性與抗剪強(qiáng)度公式\[J\]. 重慶建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 22(4): 13-19.

LUO Wankang, LI Xijun. Composite masonry shear pressure force static and dynamic force characteristics and shear strength formula \[J\]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2000, 22(4): 13-19. (In Chinese)

[6]洪峰, 王紹博. 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震抗剪強(qiáng)度分析\[J\]. 地震工程與工程振動, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.

HONG Feng, WANG Shaobo. Analysis of earth quake shear strength of masonry structures\[J\]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.(In Chinese)

[7]蔡勇, 施楚賢, 馬超林, 等. 砌體在剪―壓作用下抗剪強(qiáng)度研究\[J\]. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(5): 118-123.

CAI Yong, SHI Chuxian, MA Chaolin, et al. Study of the masonry shear strength under shearcompression action\[J\]. Journal of Building Structures, 2004, 25(5): 118-123. (In Chinese)

[8]GBJ 129-90砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)方法\[S\]. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 1990:2-20.

GBJ 129-90 The basic mechanics function experiments method standard of masonry \[S\]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1990:2-20. (In Chinese)

[9]施楚賢.砌體結(jié)構(gòu)理論與設(shè)計(jì)\[M\]. 2版. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2003:1-381.

SHI Chuxian. The theory and design of masonry structure \[M\]. 2nd. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2003:1-381.(In Chinese)

[10]RAMAMURTHY K, SATHISH V, AMBALAVANAN R. Compressive strength prediction of hollow concrete block masonry prisms\[J\]. ACI Structural Journal, 2000, 97(7): 61-67.

[11]GB 50003-2001 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范\[S\]. 北京:中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2002:1-93.

GB 50003-2001 Code for design of masonry structures \[S\]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2002:1-93. (In Chinese)

[12]楊偉軍. 混凝土砌體配筋剪力墻研究及砌體結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性分析\[D\]. 長沙: 湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2000:1-110.

YANG Weijun. Research on concrete masonry and reinforced masonry shear wall and reliability analysis of masonry structures \[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2000:1-110. (In Chinese)

[13]黃靚, 高翔, 陳良, 等. N式砌塊砌體受剪性能試驗(yàn)研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 37(2), 14-17.

1)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體沿通縫截面有兩種受剪破壞形態(tài):單面破壞和雙面破壞.灰縫砂漿的破壞和芯柱混凝土的破壞具有先后性.

2)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體試件在發(fā)生剪切破壞時(shí),會在開裂灰縫與相應(yīng)一側(cè)的底部承壓面中間產(chǎn)生斜向裂縫,角度大致呈60°.

3)開槽砌塊灌孔砌體由于敲掉了砌塊的開槽肋,被聯(lián)通的上下芯柱混凝土能夠協(xié)同工作,使其開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度與普通灌孔砌塊砌體相比有一定的增大.

4)利用Hoffman準(zhǔn)則建立用于計(jì)算開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度的公式,其計(jì)算值與本文的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

5)以開槽砌塊灌孔砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算公式為基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)一了開槽與不開槽砌塊灌孔砌體的抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算式,用此式計(jì)算不開槽砌塊砌體抗剪強(qiáng)度是可行的,其計(jì)算值與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合.

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]宋力. 混凝土砌塊砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)研究與非線性有限元分析\[D\].長沙:湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2005:1-50.

SONG Li. Research and nonlinear finite element analysis on the basic mechanical properties of concrete masonry\[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2005:1-50. (In Chinese)

[2]SUCUOGLU H, MCNIVEN H D. Seismic shear capacity of reinforced masonry piers\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991, 117(7): 2166-2185.

[3]XU Zipeng, HUANG Liang, WU Zhiwei. Experimental research on seismic behavior of reinforced Nblock masonry shear wall\[C\]//Earth and Space 2010 Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Honolulu, Hawaii:ASCE, 2010: 2806-2820.

[4]MINAIE E, MOTA M, MOON F L, et al. Inplane behavior of partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls\[J\]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010, 136(9): 1089-1097.

[5]駱萬康, 李錫軍. 磚砌體剪壓復(fù)合受力動、靜力特性與抗剪強(qiáng)度公式\[J\]. 重慶建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 22(4): 13-19.

LUO Wankang, LI Xijun. Composite masonry shear pressure force static and dynamic force characteristics and shear strength formula \[J\]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2000, 22(4): 13-19. (In Chinese)

[6]洪峰, 王紹博. 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震抗剪強(qiáng)度分析\[J\]. 地震工程與工程振動, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.

HONG Feng, WANG Shaobo. Analysis of earth quake shear strength of masonry structures\[J\]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2000, 20(3): 28-33.(In Chinese)

[7]蔡勇, 施楚賢, 馬超林, 等. 砌體在剪―壓作用下抗剪強(qiáng)度研究\[J\]. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(5): 118-123.

CAI Yong, SHI Chuxian, MA Chaolin, et al. Study of the masonry shear strength under shearcompression action\[J\]. Journal of Building Structures, 2004, 25(5): 118-123. (In Chinese)

[8]GBJ 129-90砌體基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)方法\[S\]. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 1990:2-20.

GBJ 129-90 The basic mechanics function experiments method standard of masonry \[S\]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1990:2-20. (In Chinese)

[9]施楚賢.砌體結(jié)構(gòu)理論與設(shè)計(jì)\[M\]. 2版. 北京: 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2003:1-381.

SHI Chuxian. The theory and design of masonry structure \[M\]. 2nd. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2003:1-381.(In Chinese)

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[12]楊偉軍. 混凝土砌體配筋剪力墻研究及砌體結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性分析\[D\]. 長沙: 湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院, 2000:1-110.

YANG Weijun. Research on concrete masonry and reinforced masonry shear wall and reliability analysis of masonry structures \[D\]. Changsha: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 2000:1-110. (In Chinese)

[13]黃靚, 高翔, 陳良, 等. N式砌塊砌體受剪性能試驗(yàn)研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 37(2), 14-17.

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