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基于遺傳算法的單U地源熱泵鉆孔內(nèi)熱阻研究

2014-10-27 17:26張泉杜亞星張林峰周明衛(wèi)
關(guān)鍵詞:換熱器源熱泵暖通

張泉 杜亞星 張林峰 周明衛(wèi)

摘要:基于地源熱泵單U地埋管二維換熱模型,以鉆孔內(nèi)的換熱熱阻為目標(biāo)函數(shù),以回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、兩埋管間距及管內(nèi)水流速等參數(shù)為優(yōu)化變量,利用添加了精英保留及遷移優(yōu)化的遺傳算法,對(duì)各參數(shù)同時(shí)變化時(shí)進(jìn)行了目標(biāo)函數(shù)優(yōu)化,并分析了各參數(shù)對(duì)熱阻性能影響,當(dāng)回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、兩埋管間距及流速均為最大值時(shí),其對(duì)應(yīng)的鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻達(dá)到最小.研究結(jié)果對(duì)優(yōu)化地埋側(cè)換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)具有一定參考價(jià)值.

關(guān)鍵詞:地源熱泵;單U地埋管;鉆孔內(nèi)的換熱熱阻;遺傳算法

中圖分類號(hào):TU831.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

Abstract:Based on the twodimensional heat transfer model for single U pipe in GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) system, this paper analyzed the influences of main different multivariables on the heat resistance, including the heat conductivity coefficient of backfill materials, the buried pipe spacing in the borehole and the water velocity in the pipes. Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA), in which elitism selection and migration were combined, was used to optimize the heat resistance in the borehole based on foregoing multivariables. According to the optimized result, the minimum heat resistance was obtained when the heat conductivity coefficients of backfill materials, the buried pipe spacing and the water velocity in the pipes reached their maximal designed values. The results are useful for the optimization of the heat exchanger design of GSHP.

Key words: ground source heat pump system(GSHP); single upipe; heat resistance; genetic algorithm (GA)

地源熱泵系統(tǒng)地埋側(cè)的運(yùn)行熱物性參數(shù)對(duì)地埋側(cè)換熱器的換熱有著重要的影響.胡平放等人\[1\]通過(guò)Fluent軟件模擬了土壤導(dǎo)熱性能、回填材料導(dǎo)熱性能、換熱器進(jìn)口水溫及流速等參數(shù)對(duì)換熱器換熱性能的影響.楊昌智等人\[2\]對(duì)影響地埋管換熱器換熱性能的鉆井深度、U型管內(nèi)的流體流量進(jìn)行了數(shù)值研究.Claesson等[3]采用數(shù)值方法探討了回填材料熱阻、管間距等因素對(duì)換熱器換熱性能的影響.然而,關(guān)于地埋側(cè)換熱的研究,大多數(shù)僅考慮單參數(shù)變化時(shí)的影響\[1-3\],較少涉及多參數(shù)同時(shí)變化的情況,但在實(shí)際的設(shè)計(jì)中多個(gè)影響參數(shù)往往是同時(shí)變化,因此多參數(shù)同時(shí)變化時(shí)地埋側(cè)換熱器換熱性能的研究及優(yōu)化仍是當(dāng)前需要加強(qiáng)研究的問(wèn)題.

遺傳算法具有全局性、并行性、適應(yīng)性、收斂性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)于地源熱泵傳熱性能的優(yōu)化研究具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)價(jià)值.楊衛(wèi)波等人\[4\]以運(yùn)行能耗為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),利用Matlab遺傳算法工具箱對(duì)太陽(yáng)能地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),得出了最優(yōu)的埋管深度和太陽(yáng)能集熱器面積的比例以及最優(yōu)的運(yùn)行能耗.Sepehr等人\[5\]以初投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),利用遺傳算法軟件包及其他優(yōu)化算法對(duì)蒸汽地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,結(jié)果表明遺傳算法比其他優(yōu)化方法總花費(fèi)減少7.1%.Sepehr等人\[6\] 以進(jìn)出口溫度等作為優(yōu)化變量,對(duì)蒸汽地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)的初投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用利用遺傳算法軟件包進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,并對(duì)影響因素的敏感性進(jìn)行了分析,優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)的花費(fèi)顯著減少.可以看出關(guān)于遺傳算法在地源熱泵中應(yīng)用的研究,大都是以整個(gè)系統(tǒng)作為研究對(duì)象,較少對(duì)地埋側(cè)做具體的研究.

本文以單U地埋管鉆孔內(nèi)的換熱熱阻為目標(biāo)函數(shù),利用添加精英保留及遷移優(yōu)化的遺傳算法對(duì)多參數(shù)同時(shí)變化的情況進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,通過(guò)Matlab自編程序進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn),并分析了各參數(shù)對(duì)目標(biāo)函數(shù)的影響.

4結(jié)論

1)添加精英保留及遷移優(yōu)化改進(jìn)型的遺傳算法與傳統(tǒng)的遺傳算法相比較,收斂速度提高接近1倍.

2)在鉆孔孔徑和埋管管徑組合一定的情況下,當(dāng)回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、兩埋管間距及管內(nèi)流體流速均為最大值時(shí),鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻達(dá)到最?。欢?dāng)回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、兩埋管間距及管內(nèi)流體流速均為最小值時(shí),鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻達(dá)到最大.且隨著回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、兩埋管間距及管內(nèi)流體流速的增大,鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻的最小值減小趨勢(shì)變緩.

3)當(dāng)鉆孔孔徑不變時(shí),隨著埋管管徑的增大,鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻減少.當(dāng)埋管管徑不變時(shí),隨著鉆孔孔徑的增大,鉆孔內(nèi)換熱熱阻增大.

4)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),應(yīng)盡量增大管內(nèi)流體流速、回填材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)及兩管間間距以減小埋管的換熱熱阻,增強(qiáng)地埋管的換熱性能,但在實(shí)際施工過(guò)程中還應(yīng)充分考慮輸送能耗導(dǎo)致的系統(tǒng)效率變化、安裝工藝及設(shè)備總費(fèi)用等因素,合理選擇運(yùn)行參數(shù).

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]胡平放,康龍,江章寧,等.地源熱泵U型埋管換熱影響因素的數(shù)值模擬與分析\[J\]. 流體機(jī)械,2009,37(3):64-68.

HU Pingfang, KAN Long ,JIANG Zhangning,et al. Simulation and analysis of the effect factor on the heat transfer in the Utube of grund source heat pump\[J\]. Fluid Machinery, 2009,37(3):64-68.(In Chinese)

\[2\]楊昌智,黃兵.U型管換熱性能影響因素研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 36(12): 44-48.

YANG Changzhi, HUANG Bing. Study on influence factor of heat transfer performance of Utube\[J\]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(12): 44-48. (In Chinese)

\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]楊衛(wèi)波,施明恒.基于遺傳算法的太陽(yáng)能地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化\[J\]. 暖通空調(diào),2007,37(2):12-17.

YANG Weibo, SHI Mingheng. Optimization of solarground source heat pump systems based on genetic algorithm\[J\]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2007,37(2):12-17. (In Chinese)

\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

\[9\]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源熱泵技術(shù)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:81-124.

DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遺傳算法工具箱及應(yīng)用\[M\].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蔣綠林.地源熱泵設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)重要參數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究\[J\].暖通空調(diào),2009,39(2):116-119.

HU Pingfang, KAN Long ,JIANG Zhangning,et al. Simulation and analysis of the effect factor on the heat transfer in the Utube of grund source heat pump\[J\]. Fluid Machinery, 2009,37(3):64-68.(In Chinese)

\[2\]楊昌智,黃兵.U型管換熱性能影響因素研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 36(12): 44-48.

YANG Changzhi, HUANG Bing. Study on influence factor of heat transfer performance of Utube\[J\]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(12): 44-48. (In Chinese)

\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]楊衛(wèi)波,施明恒.基于遺傳算法的太陽(yáng)能地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化\[J\]. 暖通空調(diào),2007,37(2):12-17.

YANG Weibo, SHI Mingheng. Optimization of solarground source heat pump systems based on genetic algorithm\[J\]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2007,37(2):12-17. (In Chinese)

\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

\[9\]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源熱泵技術(shù)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:81-124.

DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遺傳算法工具箱及應(yīng)用\[M\].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蔣綠林.地源熱泵設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)重要參數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究\[J\].暖通空調(diào),2009,39(2):116-119.

HU Pingfang, KAN Long ,JIANG Zhangning,et al. Simulation and analysis of the effect factor on the heat transfer in the Utube of grund source heat pump\[J\]. Fluid Machinery, 2009,37(3):64-68.(In Chinese)

\[2\]楊昌智,黃兵.U型管換熱性能影響因素研究\[J\]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 36(12): 44-48.

YANG Changzhi, HUANG Bing. Study on influence factor of heat transfer performance of Utube\[J\]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(12): 44-48. (In Chinese)

\[3\]CLAESSON J, ESKILSON P. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analyses and dimensioning rules\[J\]. Energy, 1987, 13(6): 509-527.

\[4\]楊衛(wèi)波,施明恒.基于遺傳算法的太陽(yáng)能地?zé)釓?fù)合源熱泵系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化\[J\]. 暖通空調(diào),2007,37(2):12-17.

YANG Weibo, SHI Mingheng. Optimization of solarground source heat pump systems based on genetic algorithm\[J\]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2007,37(2):12-17. (In Chinese)

\[5\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump, thermaleconomic modeling and optimization\[J\]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2011, 34(7):562-576.

\[6\]SEPEHR S, BEHZAD N. Horizontal ground coupled heat pump: thermaleconomic modeling and optimization \[J\]. Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(12):2600-2612.

\[7\]ESKILSON P. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes\[D\]. Sweden: University of Lund, 1987.

\[8\]ROTTMAYER S P, BECKMAN W A. Simulation of a single vertical utube ground heat exchanger in an infinite medium \[J\].ASHRAE Transactions, 1997, 103(2):651- 659.

\[9\]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源熱泵技術(shù)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:81-124.

DIAO Nairen, FANG Zhaohong.Groundcoupled heat technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2006:81-124. (In Chinese)

\[10\]雷英杰.MATLAB遺傳算法工具箱及應(yīng)用\[M\].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社,2005:3-31.

LEI Yingjie. Genetic algorithm toolbox and application\[M\].Xian: Xidian University Press,2005:3-31. (In Chinese)

\[11\]REMUND C. Borehole thermal resistance: laboratory and field studies[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1995,105(2):439-445.

\[12\]付文彪,蔣綠林.地源熱泵設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)重要參數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究\[J\].暖通空調(diào),2009,39(2):116-119.

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