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298.15K時CuSO4NiSO4H2O三元溶液體系的活度

2014-11-14 15:57:16陳香劉士軍黃華強
關(guān)鍵詞:硫酸鎳物理化學活度

陳香+劉士軍+黃華強

摘要用等壓法測定了298.15 K時CuSO4NiSO4H2O溶液體系在離子強度范圍為0.387 7~5.798 6 mol·kg-1內(nèi)的滲透系數(shù),用Pitzer離子相互作用模型對實驗結(jié)果進行參數(shù)化研究,獲得了CuSO4和NiSO4純鹽參數(shù)以及混鹽參數(shù),滲透系數(shù)的模型計算值與實驗值的相對偏差為±0.03,表明Pitzer模型能較好描述298.15 K時該溶液體系的熱力學性質(zhì);得到了該溶液體系中離子平均活度系數(shù)隨離子強度的變化規(guī)律.

關(guān)鍵詞CuSO4NiSO4H2O體系;等壓法;滲透系數(shù);活度系數(shù);Pitzer模型

中圖分類號O642文獻標識碼A文章編號10002537(2014)05004306

電解質(zhì)中各組分的活度是溶液體系的基本性質(zhì),對了解各組分的相互作用及發(fā)展電解質(zhì)溶液理論都具有重要的作用[12].同時濕法冶金工藝的建立或優(yōu)化也需要相關(guān)混合電解質(zhì)溶液的活度性質(zhì)作理論指導[34].

關(guān)于CuSO4或NiSO4水溶液體系的活度研究已有較多文獻報道.Wetmore和Gordon[5]用電動勢法測定了298.15 K時硫酸銅溶液從0.02 mol·kg-1到飽和濃度的活度系數(shù);Robinson和Jones[6]采用等壓法測定了硫酸銅(0.1 mol·kg-1~1.4 mol·kg-1)以及硫酸鎳(0.1 mol·kg-1~2.6 mol·kg-1)溶液的滲透系數(shù),并利用RandallWhite[7]方程計算了其活度系數(shù);Brown和Prue[8]采用凝固點降低法測定了稀濃度(<0.1 mol·kg-1)硫酸銅以及硫酸鎳溶液的滲透系數(shù), 討論了硫酸鹽在水溶液中的解離常數(shù);Downes和Pitzer[9]采用等壓法測定了0.117 4 mol·kg-1~1.555 9 mol·kg-1硫酸銅溶液的滲透系數(shù),擬合獲得了Pitzer模型離子作用參數(shù).Malatesta等[10]用電動勢法測定了極稀濃度(2.969×10-5 mol·kg-1)至0.998 mol·kg-1的硫酸鎳溶液298.15 K時的活度系數(shù);Guendouzi等[11]采用濕度法測定了298.15 K時CuSO4及NiSO4水溶液從0.1 mol·kg-1到飽和濃度的滲透系數(shù)和離子平均活度系數(shù),并擬合得到了Pitzer模型離子相互作用參數(shù).其中,Robinson用等壓法測定的結(jié)果與電動勢法測定的結(jié)果基本一致[6],Miller[12]認為采用凝固點降低法測定的數(shù)據(jù)在低濃度時較等壓法準確,Pitzer[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)Robinson采用等壓法測定的數(shù)據(jù)較可靠,但在低濃度時存在一定的偏差.

3結(jié)論

以NaCl溶液為參比,采用等壓法測定了CuSO4H2O和NiSO4H2O單體系的滲透系數(shù),所得數(shù)據(jù)與文獻值吻合較好,驗證了本實驗裝置和方法的可靠性;并測定了298.15K時CuSO4NiSO4H2O三元體系的等壓平衡濃度,水活度以及滲透系數(shù);由單體系和三元體系的滲透系數(shù),獲得了以Pitzer方程為基礎(chǔ)的離子作用模型的純鹽參數(shù)和混鹽參數(shù),由擬合模型參數(shù)計算的滲透系數(shù)值與實驗值的偏差在±0.03以內(nèi);三元體系CuSO4NiSO4H2O的滲透系數(shù)隨離子強度的增大呈先減小后增大的趨勢,二者的離子平均活度系數(shù)都隨離子強度的增大而減小.

參考文獻:

[1]李亞紅, 高世揚. Pitzer 混合參數(shù)對 HClNaClH2O體系溶解度預測的影響[J]. 物理化學學報, 2001,17(1):9194.

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[4]LIU H, PAPANGELAKIS V G. Solubility of Pb(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) in mixed sulfatechloride solutions with the mixed solvent electrolyte model[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2006,45(1):3947.

[5]WETMORE F E W, GORDON A. The activity coefficient of copper sulphate in aqueous solution[J]. J Chem Phys, 1936,5(1):6063.

[6]ROBINSON R A, JONES R S. The activity coefficients of some bivalent metal sulfates in aqueous solution from vapor pressure measurements[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1936,58(6):959961.

[7]RANDALL M, WHITE A M. The activity coefficient of electrolytes from the vapor pressure of the solvent[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1926,48(10):25142517.

[8]BROWN P, PRUE J. A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bibivalent electrolytes by freezingpoint measurements[J]. Proc Royal Soc London. Ser A. Math Phys Sci, 1955,232(1190):320336.

[9]DOWNES C J, PITZER K S. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Binary mixtures formed from aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, CuCl2, and CuSO4, at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1976,5(6):389398.

[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元體系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系數(shù)的研究[J]. 物理化學學報, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 呂興梅, 陳洪濤,等. 鹽酸在硫酸鎳水溶液中的活度系數(shù)[J]. 物理化學學報, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 劉士軍, 肖劉萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液體系滲透系數(shù)的測定及離子作用模型[J]. 高等學?;瘜W學報, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黃子卿. 電解質(zhì)溶液理論導論[M]. 北京: 科學出版社, 1983.

[24]劉光, 邱貞花. 離子溶液物理化學[M]. 福州: 福建科學技術(shù)出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(編輯楊春明)

[8]BROWN P, PRUE J. A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bibivalent electrolytes by freezingpoint measurements[J]. Proc Royal Soc London. Ser A. Math Phys Sci, 1955,232(1190):320336.

[9]DOWNES C J, PITZER K S. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Binary mixtures formed from aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, CuCl2, and CuSO4, at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1976,5(6):389398.

[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元體系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系數(shù)的研究[J]. 物理化學學報, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 呂興梅, 陳洪濤,等. 鹽酸在硫酸鎳水溶液中的活度系數(shù)[J]. 物理化學學報, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 劉士軍, 肖劉萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液體系滲透系數(shù)的測定及離子作用模型[J]. 高等學校化學學報, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黃子卿. 電解質(zhì)溶液理論導論[M]. 北京: 科學出版社, 1983.

[24]劉光, 邱貞花. 離子溶液物理化學[M]. 福州: 福建科學技術(shù)出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(編輯楊春明)

[8]BROWN P, PRUE J. A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bibivalent electrolytes by freezingpoint measurements[J]. Proc Royal Soc London. Ser A. Math Phys Sci, 1955,232(1190):320336.

[9]DOWNES C J, PITZER K S. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Binary mixtures formed from aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, CuCl2, and CuSO4, at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1976,5(6):389398.

[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元體系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系數(shù)的研究[J]. 物理化學學報, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 呂興梅, 陳洪濤,等. 鹽酸在硫酸鎳水溶液中的活度系數(shù)[J]. 物理化學學報, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 劉士軍, 肖劉萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液體系滲透系數(shù)的測定及離子作用模型[J]. 高等學?;瘜W學報, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黃子卿. 電解質(zhì)溶液理論導論[M]. 北京: 科學出版社, 1983.

[24]劉光, 邱貞花. 離子溶液物理化學[M]. 福州: 福建科學技術(shù)出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(編輯楊春明)

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