李秀紅,張獻(xiàn)彩,周德山*,馬 偉*
(1.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué) 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院 組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)教研室,北京 100069;2.邢臺(tái)醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校解剖學(xué)教研室,河北 邢臺(tái) 054000)
Pak1在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞紡錘體形成中的相關(guān)性
李秀紅1,張獻(xiàn)彩2,周德山1*,馬 偉1*
(1.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué) 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院 組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)教研室,北京 100069;2.邢臺(tái)醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校解剖學(xué)教研室,河北 邢臺(tái) 054000)
目的研究自動(dòng)磷酸化Pak1在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中的亞細(xì)胞定位模式及其在紡錘體形成中的相關(guān)性。方法用Western blot檢測Ser144位點(diǎn)自動(dòng)磷酸化的Pak1(pPak1S144)的蛋白表達(dá)量的動(dòng)態(tài)變化;免疫熒光染色追蹤pPak1S144的亞細(xì)胞定位模式及其與紡錘體和微管組織中心蛋白之間的時(shí)空關(guān)系。結(jié)果在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)pPak1S144持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地表達(dá)于減數(shù)分裂各期,pPak1S144與中心粒周圍蛋白(pericentrin)和γ微管蛋白(γ-tubulin)在時(shí)空上呈現(xiàn)緊密的共定位關(guān)系并特異地定位于紡錘體兩極。結(jié)論pPak1S144是小鼠卵母細(xì)胞MTOC相關(guān)蛋白,提示其與減數(shù)分裂紡錘體形成相關(guān)。
pPak1S144;卵母細(xì)胞;減數(shù)分裂;微管組織中心;紡錘體
卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中染色體分離錯(cuò)誤會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生非整倍體(aneuploidy) 胚胎,是流產(chǎn)和出生缺陷的最常見原因[1]。哺乳動(dòng)物卵母細(xì)胞沒有中心粒,其紡錘體的形成依賴于微管組織中心(microtubule organizing centers, MTOC)[2]。研究證實(shí)卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)γ-tubulin和Pericentrin是MTOC核心成分,前者催化微管的形成和釋放[3],后者參與形成MTOC結(jié)構(gòu)平臺(tái)。
P21-activated kinase (Pak1)是一種Ser/Thr蛋白激酶,參與細(xì)胞骨架的組織、細(xì)胞形態(tài)維持和細(xì)胞生存等過程[4]。Pak1在Ser144位點(diǎn)發(fā)生自動(dòng)磷酸化,對于Pak1活性的維持有重要的作用[5]。有研究證實(shí)Pak1與小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂紡錘體的穩(wěn)定性相關(guān),但其自動(dòng)磷酸化活性在卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中的形態(tài)和作用仍需進(jìn)一步探討[6]。
1.1 材料
清潔級雌性21~23日齡C57BL/6與BALB/C雜交后的F1代(CB6F1)小鼠,體質(zhì)量10~15 g[由北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司提供,許可證編號SCXK(京)2012-0001]。兔抗Ser144位點(diǎn)磷酸化的PAK1(pPak1S144)單克隆抗體(Abcam公司),鼠抗Ace-tubulin單克隆抗體、鼠抗γ-tubulin單克隆抗體(Sigma公司),鼠抗Pericentrin單克隆抗體(BD公司),胎牛血清(Gibco公司),孕馬血清促性腺激素、人絨毛膜促性腺激素(寧波第二激素廠),40% Acrylamide/Bis Solution 29∶1(3.3%C)(Bio-Rad公司),Pre-stained Marker(Thermo公司),PVDF膜(Amersham HybondTM公司)
1.2 方法
1.2.1 小鼠卵母細(xì)胞收集和培養(yǎng):給CB6F1代雌性小鼠腹腔注射10 IU孕馬血清促性腺激素,44~48 h后以CO2窒息處死小鼠,收集卵丘-卵母細(xì)胞復(fù)合體(cumulus cell-oocyte complexes,COC),體外培養(yǎng)至不同時(shí)期[7]。
1.2.2 蛋白免疫印跡 (Western blot):卵母細(xì)胞脫去卵丘后收集在含有蛋白酶抑制劑(protease inhibitor cocktail)的緩沖液(Laemmli Sample Buffer)中,在100 ℃沸水中處理5 min;樣品利用10%丙烯酰胺0.1%十二烷基磺酸鈉的凝膠分離,之后轉(zhuǎn)移到聚偏氟乙烯膜上,聚偏氟乙烯膜在封閉后轉(zhuǎn)入適當(dāng)稀釋的一抗溶液中4 ℃過夜;聚偏氟乙烯膜漂洗后,二抗孵育液中孵育,然后暗室曝光。
1.2.3 免疫熒光染色(Immunofluorecent staining):卵母細(xì)胞在2%多聚甲醛0.5%曲拉通X-100的PEM緩沖液(100 mmol/L Pipes,1 mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸,pH 6.9)中固定45 min, 1%牛血清蛋白中漂洗和封閉后,一抗4 ℃過夜。兔抗pPak1S144抗體(1∶3 000)、鼠抗Acetylated-tubulin抗體(1∶12 000)、鼠抗γ微管蛋白的抗體(1∶3 000)和鼠抗中心粒周圍蛋白的抗體(1∶3 000)。漂洗后利用Alexa Flour 488或555標(biāo)記的二抗避光孵育1 h,DNA用DAPI標(biāo)記封片。使用Olympus(D7)結(jié)合軟件ImageJ進(jìn)行拍照和分析。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
With Western blot analysis, high level of pPak1S144 was detected at GV stage and remained stable up to MII stage圖1 pPak1S144在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中的蛋白表達(dá)Fig 1 Protein expression of pPak1S144 in mouse oocytes
2.1pPak1S144在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中蛋白表達(dá)量
pPak1S144蛋白在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)有特異表達(dá),在GV期高水平表達(dá),并持續(xù)保持至MII期,各個(gè)時(shí)期蛋白表達(dá)量無明顯差異(圖1)。
2.2pPak1S144亞細(xì)胞定位模式及其與MTOC蛋白的相關(guān)關(guān)系
在GV期,pPak1S144呈現(xiàn)出單個(gè)高度致密的點(diǎn)狀聚集,定位于胞質(zhì)中,并表現(xiàn)出與中心粒周圍蛋白共定位的特性 (圖2A:b,c,d)。在GVBD期,染色質(zhì)開始凝集形成單個(gè)染色體,pPak1S144呈點(diǎn)片狀聚集在凝集中的染色體周圍,仍舊保持與中心粒周圍蛋白的共定位性質(zhì)(圖2A:f,g,h)。隨著染色體逐漸向赤道板聚集,pPak1S144和中心粒周圍蛋白同時(shí)向赤道板兩側(cè)紡錘體兩極的部位聚集(圖2A:j,k,i),當(dāng)卵母細(xì)胞成熟至MI期時(shí),所有的染色體整齊排列于赤道板中央(圖2A:m),pPak1S144呈“O”或“C”形聚集在推測的紡錘體兩極的位置,在紡錘體以外的胞質(zhì)中也有點(diǎn)狀的聚集,并在所有這些區(qū)域,均表現(xiàn)出與中心粒周圍蛋白共定位特性(圖2A:n,o,p)。pPak1S144在MII期表現(xiàn)出與MI期相似的分布模式(圖2A:v,w,x)。如圖2B所示,在MI和MII期,pPak1S144與MTOC的另一核心蛋白,γ微管蛋白,共同定位于紡錘體兩極(圖2B:b,c,d,f,g,h),同時(shí)在胞質(zhì)中呈點(diǎn)狀分布(圖2B:b,c,f,g)。在第一次減數(shù)分裂后期(Ana-Ⅰ期)以及末期(Tel-Ⅰ期)進(jìn)程中,染色體向紡錘體兩極分離, pPak1S144離開MTOC的位置,彌散地分布在細(xì)胞質(zhì)收縮環(huán)周圍(圖2A:r,s,t)。pPak1S144與MTOC關(guān)鍵蛋白在時(shí)空上的共定位關(guān)系表明其間存在高度關(guān)聯(lián)性,提示pPak1S144是卵母細(xì)胞MTOC相關(guān)蛋白。
A.immunofluorescent staining reveals tight co-localization of pPak1S144with MTOC structural component, pericentrin in oocytes during the whole meiosis; B.pPak1S144is co-localized with MTOC key component, microtubule nucleating protein, γ-tubulin on the poles of meiotic spindles; pPak1S144is labeled in red, while Percientin/γ-tubulin in green and chromosome in blue
圖2小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中pPak1S144與MTOC核心蛋白的共定位特性
Fig2Co-localizationofpPak1S144andMTOCkeyproteinsinmouseoocytesduringmeiosis
2.3pPak1S144聚集在減數(shù)分裂紡錘體兩極
在MI期卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)染色體整齊排列于赤道板中央(圖3a),微管裝配成典型的雙極對稱圓桶狀的紡錘體結(jié)構(gòu)(圖3b),此時(shí)pPak1S144呈“O”或“C”形聚集在紡錘體兩極(圖3c,d),同時(shí)在胞質(zhì)中呈點(diǎn)狀分布(圖3c),這一分布特性同樣出現(xiàn)在MII期卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)(圖3f,g,h),再次提示了pPak1S144與卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂紡錘體形成的相關(guān)性。
胚胎的非整倍體是臨床上流產(chǎn)和出生缺陷的最常見原因,這與母親卵母細(xì)胞在減數(shù)分裂成熟過程中染色體的分離錯(cuò)誤密切相關(guān)[1]。染色體的分離依賴于紡錘體的有序牽引,揭示其形成和維持機(jī)制是認(rèn)識和預(yù)防人類非整倍體胚胎形成的重要研究內(nèi)容。哺乳動(dòng)物卵母細(xì)胞中缺少中心粒,不形成中心體,減數(shù)分裂進(jìn)程中微管組裝形成紡錘體依賴于特異的MTOC[8]。
迄今,MTOC結(jié)構(gòu)的組裝、成熟和功能維持的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制仍然不甚清楚。最新證據(jù)表明蛋白激酶AUKA,PKC、MAPK kinase1 (MEK1)和Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) 等在卵母細(xì)胞MTOC的形成和結(jié)構(gòu)維持中發(fā)揮一定作用[7,9-11]。本研究證實(shí)了在小鼠卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中pPak1S144始終與γ-tubulin和Pericentrin呈現(xiàn)出緊密的亞細(xì)胞共定位特性,共同聚集在紡錘體兩極,遵循與AUKA、磷酸化PKC和MEK1相似的分布模式,提示pPak1S144是MTOC相關(guān)蛋白。
Immunofluorescent staining determined specific localization of pPak1S144on spindle poles in oocytes at MI and MII stages; pPak1S144was labeled in red, while ace-tubulin in green and chromosome in blue
圖3pPak1S144定位于小鼠卵母細(xì)胞紡錘體兩極
Fig3LocalizationofpPak1S144onmeioticspindlepolesinmouseoocytesduringmeiosis
Pak1的功能的活化需要在多個(gè)位點(diǎn)發(fā)生一系列的自動(dòng)磷酸化過程,其中在Ser144位點(diǎn)的磷酸化(pPak1S144)可以抑制Pak1形成非活性的同源二聚體,維持其活化狀態(tài)[12]。在體細(xì)胞有絲分裂過程中活化的Pak1能夠特異地激活A(yù)UKA催化中心體成熟的活性[13],可以介導(dǎo)和調(diào)節(jié)PKC和MEK1等激酶的活性[14~15]。卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂過程中,pPak1S144是否與AUKA、PKC和MEK1等在調(diào)節(jié)MTOC功能方面存在協(xié)同作用尚待研究。
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The role of Pak1 in spindle formation of mouse oocytes
LI Xiu-hong1, ZHANG Xian-cai2, ZHOU De-shan1*, MA Wei1*
(1.Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069;2.Dept. of Anatomy, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai 054000, China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the subcellular localization of autophosphorylated Pak1 in mouse oocytes during meiosis and its correlation with spindle formation.MethodsWestern blot procedure was employed to assay the dynamic changes in protein expression of autophosphated Pak1 at Ser144(pPak1S144); immunofluorescence staining was carried out to label pPak1S144subcellular distribution and its temporal-spatial relationship with spindle and microtubule organizing centers(MTOCs) proteins, Pericentrin and γ-tubulin.ResultspPak1S144was stably expressed during meiotic progression in mouse oocytes; it was specifically co-localized with Pericentrin and γ-tubulin and concentrated on spindle poles.ConclusionspPak1S144is MTOC-associated protein, implying a role in meiotic spindle formation.
pPak1S144;oocytes;meiosis;microtubule organizing centers(MTOCs);spindle
2013-12-07
2014-01-17
國家自然科學(xué)基金(31271253);教育部博士點(diǎn)基金 (20121107120019)
*通信作者(correspondingauthor): zhouds08@ccmu.edu.cn;mawei1026@ccmu.edu.cn
1001-6325(2014)04-0449-05
研究論文
R 321.1
A