邱禮新 于 靜
加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯治療風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳30例療效觀察
邱禮新 于 靜
目的觀察加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯對(duì)風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳(前鞏膜炎)的治療效果。方法2012年3月—2014年10月收治風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳患者50例,隨機(jī)分為中藥干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組。中藥干預(yù)組30例(54只眼),予口服加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯及常規(guī)西醫(yī)治療;對(duì)照組20例(32只眼)予西醫(yī)方法治療,比較2組的臨床療效。結(jié)果中藥干預(yù)組治愈24例(80.0%),好轉(zhuǎn)4例(13.3%),無效2例(6.7%),總有效率93.3%。對(duì)照組治愈10例(50.0%),好轉(zhuǎn)4例(20.0%),無效6例(30.0%),總有效率70.0%,前者的療效好于后者(Z=-2.358,P=0.018)。對(duì)治愈患者隨訪18個(gè)月,中藥干預(yù)組復(fù)發(fā)3例,復(fù)發(fā)率12.5%(3/24),對(duì)照組復(fù)發(fā)4例,復(fù)發(fā)率40.0%(4/10),2組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Fisher確切概率法,P<0.001)。結(jié)論加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯可以提高西醫(yī)療法對(duì)風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳的療效,并能減少?gòu)?fù)發(fā)。
火疳;麻黃連翹赤小豆湯;鞏膜炎
火疳是指實(shí)火上攻白睛,無從宣泄,致白睛紅赤或伴有白睛深部向外凸起限局性紫紅色結(jié)節(jié),其部位不定的外障眼病。多由火邪蘊(yùn)積,滯結(jié)為疳,故稱為“火疳”,相當(dāng)于西醫(yī)的前鞏膜炎〔1〕。前鞏膜炎是病變位于赤道之前的鞏膜基質(zhì)層的炎癥,以彌漫性前鞏膜炎和結(jié)節(jié)性前鞏膜炎多見,西醫(yī)臨床多運(yùn)用糖皮質(zhì)激素類藥物治療,但部分患者臨床療效難稱滿意,尤其是中醫(yī)辨證為風(fēng)熱濕邪凌目型的火疳,纏綿難愈,易于復(fù)發(fā)。而眼部長(zhǎng)期使用糖皮質(zhì)激素類藥物,部分患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)眼壓升高,晶狀體混濁,致激素性青光眼及并發(fā)性白內(nèi)障。因此,探討運(yùn)用中藥干預(yù)治療很有必要。我科從2012年3月—2014年10月,以加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯為主治療風(fēng)濕熱邪上凌型火疳30例,同期以單純西醫(yī)治療的20例患者為對(duì)照,對(duì)比觀察了該組方的治療效果,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
將中醫(yī)辨證符合風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型的前鞏膜炎患者50例,隨機(jī)分為中藥干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組。中藥干預(yù)組30例44只眼,男6例,女24例;年齡17~64歲,平均年齡(34.2±2.2)歲;病程1~15 d,平均(3.8±2.5)d;彌漫性前鞏膜炎24只眼,結(jié)節(jié)性前鞏膜炎20只眼。對(duì)照組20例32只眼,男4例,女16例;年齡15~66歲,平均(35±3.1)歲;病程2~16 d,平均(2.7± 1.6)d;彌漫性前鞏膜炎18只眼,結(jié)節(jié)性前鞏膜炎14只眼。2組患者的性別構(gòu)成、年齡、病程以及鞏膜炎的類型分布差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
前鞏膜炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〔2〕:(1)彌漫性前鞏膜炎:球結(jié)膜及前部鞏膜充血及組織腫脹,嚴(yán)重者結(jié)膜高度水腫,病變可局限一個(gè)象限或全眼球前部。(2)結(jié)節(jié)性前鞏膜炎:深層鞏膜局限性炎癥結(jié)節(jié),結(jié)節(jié)色紫紅,質(zhì)硬,局部有壓痛,不能推動(dòng),單發(fā)或多發(fā);浸潤(rùn)性結(jié)節(jié)可圍繞角膜蔓延相連。
風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型證侯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〔3〕:除眼部癥狀外,全身多伴有骨節(jié)痠痛,肢節(jié)腫脹,胸悶納呆,舌質(zhì)紅,苔膩,脈濡或滑。
1.2 治療方法
中藥干預(yù)組:予加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯(生麻黃6~12 g、連翹10 g、桑白皮15~30 g、赤小豆30~60 g、杏仁6~10 g、炙甘草6 g、大棗15 g、生姜6 g、紅花3~5 g、姜黃6 g、茵陳10~15 g、梔子6~10 g、僵蠶10 g、桔梗6 g、黃芩10 g等),水煎服,每日1劑。同時(shí)患眼予0.5%醋酸可的松滴眼液,每日4~6次點(diǎn)眼;吲哚美辛片25 mg,口服,每日3次,疼痛緩解減量或停服。
對(duì)照組:予0.5%醋酸可的松滴眼液及吲哚美辛片,用法同中藥干預(yù)組。病情嚴(yán)重者可口服醋酸潑尼松片及免疫抑制劑治療,或予局部結(jié)膜下注射激素治療。
分別對(duì)中藥干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組用藥治療20 d進(jìn)行療效評(píng)價(jià)。期間治療痊愈者,則停用外用及內(nèi)服藥物。
1.3 療效評(píng)價(jià)
治愈:白睛紅赤及結(jié)節(jié)消退,疼痛消失;好轉(zhuǎn):白睛紅赤及結(jié)節(jié)減輕,疼痛減輕;無效:白睛紅赤及結(jié)節(jié)如故,疼痛無改善。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0軟件,計(jì)量資料組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher確切概率法,等級(jí)資料組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
中藥干預(yù)組30例,治愈24例(80.0%),好轉(zhuǎn)4例(13.3%),無效2例(6.7%),總有效率93.3%。對(duì)照組20例,治愈10例(50.0%),好轉(zhuǎn)4例(20.0%),無效6例(30.0%),總有效率70.0%。前者的療效好于后者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.358,P=0.018)。
對(duì)治愈患者進(jìn)行了18個(gè)月的隨訪,中藥干預(yù)組復(fù)發(fā)3例,復(fù)發(fā)率12.5%(3/24),對(duì)照組復(fù)發(fā)4例,復(fù)發(fā)率40.0%(4/10),2組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Fisher確切概率法,P<0.001),提示加味麻黃連翹赤小豆湯治療風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳,具有較好的抗復(fù)發(fā)作用。
前鞏膜炎是一種多因素、多誘因引起的非特異性炎癥,屬于中醫(yī)“火疳”范疇。中醫(yī)辨證分為肺經(jīng)郁熱型、火毒熾盛型、風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型、久病傷陰型、體虛寒凝型等。其中風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型的臨床治療最為棘手,易纏綿難愈,反復(fù)發(fā)作。治療常選用的方劑為散風(fēng)除濕活血湯、三仁湯〔4-5〕,其治療原則為清熱祛濕、祛風(fēng)活血、散瘀止痛,符合風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳的基本病機(jī),但在臨床上運(yùn)用,療效往往并不令人滿意。
麻黃連翹赤小豆湯出自《傷寒雜病論》,用于治療濕熱在表的黃疸〔6〕,而中醫(yī)眼科認(rèn)為白睛(包括結(jié)膜、鞏膜)屬肺屬表,因此筆者將此方用于治療具有相同病機(jī)的風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳。與散風(fēng)除濕活血湯、三仁湯從前后二陰排除濕熱不同,本方在用藥上因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),令濕熱從表而散,與風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳的病位、病機(jī)更為契合。從臨床觀察結(jié)果上看,常規(guī)西藥聯(lián)用此方治愈率高,復(fù)發(fā)率低,是治療風(fēng)濕熱邪凌目型火疳的一種有效方法,筆者特此總結(jié)供同道參考,同時(shí)也希望能對(duì)拓展中醫(yī)的治療思路有所啟示。
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Therapeutic effect of Modified Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction treating 30 cases of Huogan of wind and dampness heat type
QIU Lixin,YU Jing.Ophthalmology Department,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730,China
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Modified Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction treating Huogan of wind and dampness heat type(anterior scleritis).METHODS Fifty patients of Huogan of wind dampness heat type were included during a period of March 2012 to October 2014.All the patients were divided into two groups randomly,30 cases(54 eyes)in TCM group and 20 cases(32 eyes)in control group.The control group took conventional western medicine while the TCM group took modified Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and western medicine,then to make a clinical efficacy comparison between the two groups.RESULTS The cure rate of the TCM group was 80.0%(24 cases),improvement rate was 13.3%(4 cases),ineffective rate was 6.7%(2 cases),total effective rate was 93.3%.The cure rate of control group was 50.0%(10 cases),improvement rate was 20%(4 cases),ineffective rate was 30.0%(6 case),total effective rate was 70.0%.The curative effect of TCM group was superior to the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.358,P=0.018).To make a 18 month follow up of the cure cases,3 cases were recurdesce in the TCM group,the recurernce rate was 12.5%(3/24), while 4 case were recrudesce in the control group,the recurrence rate was 40.0%(4/10),the TCM group was superior to the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Fisher,P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS The combination therapy of modified Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and western medicine in treating Huogan of wind and dampness heat type was better than mono therapy by western medicine not only in effective rate but also in recurrence rate.
Huogan;Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction;scleritis
R772.3
B
1002-4379(2015)06-0421-02
10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2015.06.010
首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京同仁醫(yī)院眼科,北京100730
邱禮新,E-mail:qiulixin0310@sina.com