王 倩 王春梅 陳乙瑞
重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院骨一科,重慶404000
綜合護(hù)理對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折后膝關(guān)節(jié)恢復(fù)及護(hù)理滿意度的影響
王 倩 王春梅 陳乙瑞
重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院骨一科,重慶404000
目的探討綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)程度以及護(hù)理滿意度的作用。方法選取重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院2012年1月~2013年12月收治的120例脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者作為研究對(duì)象,將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組60例。對(duì)照組采取常規(guī)護(hù)理,包括健康教育、術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、預(yù)防并發(fā)癥、感染預(yù)防等。實(shí)驗(yàn)組在實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上行綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,包括接診時(shí)綜合護(hù)理、入院時(shí)綜合護(hù)理、患者的心理護(hù)理、住院期綜合護(hù)理、治療時(shí)綜合護(hù)理。比較兩組患者住院時(shí)間、膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)程度以及護(hù)理滿意度的差異性。結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能能恢復(fù)優(yōu)良率為93.3%(56/60),明顯高于對(duì)照組患者(70.0%,42/60),兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者對(duì)護(hù)士態(tài)度的滿意度為96.7%(58/60)、心理護(hù)理的滿意度為100.0%(60/60)、健康宣講的滿意度為98.3%(59/60)、護(hù)理水平的滿意度為100.0%(60/60),均明顯高于對(duì)照組[78.3%(47/60)、80.0%(48/60)、75.0%(45/60)、70.0%(42/60)],差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者平均住院時(shí)間為(19.32±2.13)d,明顯低于對(duì)照組患者[(29.46±2.98)d],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者實(shí)施綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,可以明顯改善其膝關(guān)節(jié)恢復(fù)程度,并且可以提高患者對(duì)護(hù)理的滿意程度,具有重要的臨床價(jià)值。
綜合護(hù)理;脛骨平臺(tái)骨折;膝關(guān)節(jié)恢復(fù);護(hù)理滿意度
脛骨平臺(tái)骨折多由嚴(yán)重暴力撞擊或墜落所造成的一種膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷骨折,臨床上十分常見(jiàn)[1]。脛骨平臺(tái)骨折屬于典型關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折,極易出現(xiàn)脛骨平臺(tái)關(guān)節(jié)面塌陷和劈裂,并多伴有半月板損傷,其處理方法對(duì)其預(yù)后產(chǎn)生重大影響。因此具有較高傷殘率,給患者生活帶來(lái)巨大的不利影響[2-4]。脛骨平臺(tái)骨折不僅是膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷外科中的重要課題,也是護(hù)理人員所探討的重要課題。本研究選取脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者給予其綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,并取得良好護(hù)理效果,現(xiàn)將研究結(jié)果報(bào)道如下:
1.1 一般資料
選取重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院2012年1月~2013年12月收治的120例脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者作為研究對(duì)象,將120例患者分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組60例。對(duì)照組中男32例,女28例;年齡19~71歲,平均(42.3±11.4)歲;高處墜落患者26例,車禍34例;Schatzker分型包括Ⅲ型38例,Ⅳ型22例。實(shí)驗(yàn)組男40例,女20例;年齡21~69歲,平均(43.5±12.3)歲;高處墜落患者29例,車禍31例;Schatzker分型包括Ⅲ型35例,Ⅳ型25例。兩組患者均行加壓鋼板聯(lián)合內(nèi)固定手術(shù)。兩組患者年齡、性別、受傷原因及Schatzker分型等一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。納入患者均符合脛骨平臺(tái)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]。均排除有嚴(yán)重心腦血管疾病、依從性較差、患有嚴(yán)重精神障礙者。
1.2 護(hù)理方法
兩組患者入院后均行常規(guī)治療。
1.2.1 對(duì)照組
患者行常規(guī)護(hù)理方法,包括健康教育、術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、預(yù)防并發(fā)癥、感染預(yù)防治療等[6]。
1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)組
患者在行常規(guī)護(hù)理基礎(chǔ)上,采用綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù),包括接診時(shí)綜合護(hù)理、入院時(shí)綜合護(hù)理、患者的心理護(hù)理、住院期綜合護(hù)理、治療時(shí)綜合護(hù)理。
1.2.2.1 接診時(shí)綜合護(hù)理護(hù)理人員著裝得體大方,面帶微笑,服務(wù)熱情主動(dòng),對(duì)于患者的問(wèn)題做到耐心講解,盡量不要拒絕回答。語(yǔ)言要和藹可親,切忌語(yǔ)言生硬。積極主動(dòng)地為活動(dòng)不便的患者提供幫助。對(duì)于患者及其家屬情緒激動(dòng)者,應(yīng)予心理安撫。
1.2.2.2 入院時(shí)綜合護(hù)理護(hù)理人員應(yīng)在患者入住病房前做好相關(guān)準(zhǔn)備,將床位以及生活必備品及時(shí)準(zhǔn)備到位。對(duì)于患者的特殊要求應(yīng)盡量滿足,如患者自帶寢具和生活用品等,以消除患者由于不適應(yīng)病房環(huán)境所造成的心理焦慮。如有特殊需求不能滿足者,應(yīng)及時(shí)與患者進(jìn)行溝通,解釋清楚原因,避免發(fā)生不必要的醫(yī)患矛盾。護(hù)理人員應(yīng)主動(dòng)介紹主治醫(yī)師、責(zé)任護(hù)士、科室基本情況以及主刀醫(yī)生的業(yè)務(wù)水平。主動(dòng)示范床頭呼叫器的使用方法,告知患者醫(yī)生辦公室位置等,讓患者了解自身所處環(huán)境,以消除陌生感。
1.2.2.3 患者的心理護(hù)理由于脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者創(chuàng)傷較大,疼痛嚴(yán)重,多使患者心理壓力巨大,并產(chǎn)生恐懼、焦慮心理。此時(shí),護(hù)理人員應(yīng)及時(shí)了解患者心理狀況,積極進(jìn)行正確的心理疏導(dǎo)。護(hù)理人員認(rèn)真聽(tīng)取患者的講述,針對(duì)患者所述內(nèi)容來(lái)排解患者不良心理因素。在病房中適時(shí)播放一些輕音樂(lè),使患者心理舒緩,穩(wěn)定不良情緒。營(yíng)造良好的修養(yǎng)環(huán)境,保持病房?jī)?nèi)衛(wèi)生整潔,并可適當(dāng)擺放綠色植物等。對(duì)于患者關(guān)于治療方法的問(wèn)題應(yīng)予耐心解答,并給患者講述手術(shù)治療成功的案例,幫助其建立康復(fù)信心,打消顧慮,增強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)勝病魔的信念,讓患者保持一個(gè)愉悅的心情進(jìn)行治療[7-9]。
1.2.2.4 住院期綜合護(hù)理護(hù)理人員每日應(yīng)與患者進(jìn)行主動(dòng)溝通,談及一些與治療相關(guān)的輕松話題,做到平易近人,以消除與患者之間的陌生感所致的隔閡。由于患者面對(duì)手術(shù)會(huì)產(chǎn)生煩躁心理,因此護(hù)理人員還應(yīng)平撫其內(nèi)心的煩躁不安,積極引導(dǎo)正確的治療心態(tài)。詳細(xì)講解術(shù)前的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)及其重要性,積極引導(dǎo)正確的飲食、起居等生活方式。在患者住院期間,護(hù)理人員的服務(wù)要貼心,服務(wù)態(tài)度要熱情,讓患者感受到家的溫暖。
1.2.2.5 治療時(shí)綜合護(hù)理醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)注重觀察患者的肢體腫脹程度,如果患者肢體腫脹較為嚴(yán)重,應(yīng)提醒主治醫(yī)師進(jìn)行消腫治療,并擇期手術(shù)?;颊咝g(shù)后,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)教給患者膝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉的康復(fù)訓(xùn)練方法,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行思想教育,強(qiáng)調(diào)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練對(duì)疾病恢復(fù)的重要性。并囑患者家屬對(duì)其康復(fù)訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,幫助患者拄拐行走等。
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 膝關(guān)節(jié)的功能恢復(fù)情況
根據(jù)美國(guó)特種外科醫(yī)院所制訂的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)分[10]。分?jǐn)?shù)≥80分者記為優(yōu),評(píng)分在70~79分之間者記為良,評(píng)分在60~69分之間者記為可,評(píng)分<60分者記為差。優(yōu)良率為優(yōu)、良者的總百分比。
1.3.2 護(hù)理滿意度
當(dāng)患者出院時(shí)對(duì)其發(fā)放自制的護(hù)理滿意程度調(diào)查表,該表包括護(hù)士態(tài)度、心理護(hù)理、健康宣講、護(hù)理水平四個(gè)方面[11-13]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS 18.0對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩獨(dú)立樣本采用t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者平均住院時(shí)間為(19.32± 2.13)d,明顯低于對(duì)照組患者(29.46±2.98)d,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能能恢復(fù)優(yōu)良率為93.3%(56/60),明顯高于對(duì)照組患者70.0%(42/60),二者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者對(duì)護(hù)士態(tài)度、心理護(hù)理、健康宣講及護(hù)理水平的滿意度均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
脛骨平臺(tái)骨折是膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷中最常見(jiàn)的骨折之一。膝關(guān)節(jié)遭受內(nèi)/外翻暴力的撞擊,或墜落造成的壓縮暴力等均可導(dǎo)致脛骨髁骨折。由于脛骨平臺(tái)骨折是典型的關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折,其處理與預(yù)后將對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能產(chǎn)生很大的影響。同時(shí),脛骨平臺(tái)骨折常常伴有關(guān)節(jié)軟骨、膝關(guān)節(jié)韌帶或半月板的損傷,遺漏診斷和處理不當(dāng)都可能造成膝關(guān)節(jié)畸形、力線或穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)功能的障礙。因而,對(duì)于脛骨平臺(tái)骨折的診斷與處理是膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷外科中的重要課題。
隨著交通事故發(fā)生率不斷提高,近年來(lái)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折發(fā)生率也隨之上升,對(duì)患者生活產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重不良影響。對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者行手術(shù)治療是最有效的治療方法,但是術(shù)后極易產(chǎn)生廣泛粘連,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)障礙。而采用優(yōu)質(zhì)的護(hù)理措施則對(duì)患者的術(shù)后恢復(fù)具有一定的效果[14-16]。本次研究中實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能能恢復(fù)優(yōu)良率為93.3%(56/60),明顯高于對(duì)照組患者[70.0%(42/60)],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者對(duì)護(hù)士態(tài)度的滿意度為96.7%(58/60),心理護(hù)理的滿意度為100.0%(60/60),健康宣講的滿意度為98.3%(59/60),護(hù)理水平的滿意度為100.0%(60/60),均明顯高于對(duì)照組[78.3%(47/60)、80.0%(48/60)、75.0%(45/60)、70.0%(42/60)],差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),與相關(guān)報(bào)道結(jié)果較為接近[17-18]。
對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者實(shí)施綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù),不僅對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)恢復(fù)功能有積極意義,并且提高了患者對(duì)護(hù)理人員的滿意程度,較少了醫(yī)患矛盾的發(fā)生。對(duì)患者的綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,使其對(duì)于醫(yī)護(hù)人員產(chǎn)生信任,使治療依從性明顯增高,對(duì)患者預(yù)后恢復(fù)產(chǎn)生積極作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者平均住院時(shí)間為(19.32±2.13)d,明顯低于對(duì)照組患者(29.46±2.98)d,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示綜合護(hù)理不僅減輕患者住院痛苦,也為患者減輕了一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)?,F(xiàn)代護(hù)理理念更加注重人文關(guān)懷,時(shí)刻提醒醫(yī)護(hù)人員做到以患者為中心,以滿足患者需求為宗旨,提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量。綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理恰恰體現(xiàn)這一護(hù)理理念,使得患者更加配合治療,使治療效果更加顯著。綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理提供的護(hù)理更為全面,這對(duì)患者樹(shù)立良好的治療心態(tài),建立康復(fù)信心尤為重要[19-21]。隨著醫(yī)療模式的不斷發(fā)展,當(dāng)今心理護(hù)理越發(fā)受到人們的重視。實(shí)施心理護(hù)理干預(yù)可消除患者不良情緒,改善生活質(zhì)量,提高抗痛能力等。給予患者良好的心理干預(yù),幫助患者度過(guò)心理危機(jī),給予患者精神上的需求,充分體現(xiàn)了“以滿足患者的需求為中心”的護(hù)理理念,對(duì)于患者的康復(fù)起到積極作用。由于骨折患者多為意外因素所導(dǎo)致,致病突然毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備,因此患者心理準(zhǔn)備不夠,不能較好地應(yīng)對(duì)身體狀況,如肢體感覺(jué)功能受損、身體活動(dòng)受限等。因此進(jìn)行綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)可以有效穩(wěn)定患者情緒,消除患者不良心理障礙。另外營(yíng)造的良好的治療環(huán)境,給患者帶來(lái)舒暢的心情,也減輕了患者焦慮心理的產(chǎn)生,也使患者對(duì)療養(yǎng)環(huán)境得到肯定,使得護(hù)理滿意度有所提升。
綜上所述,對(duì)脛骨平臺(tái)骨折患者實(shí)施綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,可以明顯改善其膝關(guān)節(jié)恢復(fù)程度,并且可以提高患者對(duì)護(hù)理的滿意程度,具有重要臨床價(jià)值。
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Influence of comprehensive nursing on knee joint recovery and nursing satisfaction after fracture of tibial plateau
WANG QianWANG ChunmeiCHEN Yirui
Department of First Orthopaedics,Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital,Chongqing404000,China
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the comprehensive nursing intervention for tibial plateau fractures knee functional recovery and the nursing satisfaction.Methods120 patients with fracture of tibial platform in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were selected as the research object,and randomly divided into experimental group and the control group,60 cases in each group.Control group was taken routine nursing care,including health education,preoperative preparation,prevention of complications,infection prevention,etc.On the basis of the conventional nursing care,the experimental group was taken the comprehensive quality comprehensive nursing care including comprehensive nursing on accepts,comprehensive nursing on admission,the patient's psychological nursing,comprehensive nursing on hospitalization period and the treatment.The differences between two groups of patients in hospital time,degree of knee joint function recovery and nursing satisfaction were compared.ResultsThe knee joint function recovered fine rate of experimental group patients with was 93.3%(56/60),which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.0%,42/60),the comparison was significant difference(P<0.05).The satisfaction of patients in experimental group to nurses'attitude was 96.7%(58/60),the psychological nursing satisfaction was 100.0%(60/60),health preach satisfaction was 98.3%(59/60),the level of nursing satisfaction was 100.0%(60/60), which were significantly higher than those in the control group[78.3%(47/60),80.0%(48/60),75.0%(45/60),70.0%(42/60)], with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The average hospitalization time of experimental group was(19.32± 2.13)d,which was significantly lower than of the control group[(29.46±2.98)d],with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).ConclusionImplementing the comprehensive quality nursing care in patients with fracture of tibial plateau can significantly improve the knee recovery degree, and improve the satisfaction of patients to nursing,and it has important clinical value.
Comprehensive nursing;Tibial plateau fracture;Knee jiont recovery;Nursing satisfaction
R473.6
A
1673-7210(2015)04(b)-0149-04
2014-12-19本文編輯:衛(wèi)軻)
王倩(1983.5-),女,重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院骨一科副護(hù)士長(zhǎng);研究方向:骨科護(hù)理。
王春梅(1980.12-),女,重慶三峽中心醫(yī)院骨一科副護(hù)士長(zhǎng);研究方向:骨科護(hù)理。
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2015年11期