董鶯
文本重構(gòu)是指對文章的段落和篇章進(jìn)行內(nèi)容或者形式上的重組。英語文本本身的情況是不一樣的,有些是單詞,有些是對話,有些是短文或故事。教師重構(gòu)文本時(shí)應(yīng)遵循一些基本的原則,比如重構(gòu)的文本要目的明確,切合主題,具操作性和交際性。對于文本重構(gòu)的內(nèi)容可以選擇從某個(gè)角度貫穿,可以依照單元教學(xué)的順序、教學(xué)板塊之間的順序,可以拓展相關(guān)主題的內(nèi)容,也可以按故事的語境來貫穿。教師要充分考慮到教材本身的情況,即所教授單元及本單元之前的文本情況。擴(kuò)充的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該充分利用學(xué)生已學(xué)的知識(shí)。
以《英語》三年級(jí)下冊(三年級(jí)起點(diǎn))Unit 10 “How many people are there in your family?”為例。教材上的文本是一個(gè)對話,對話的雙方是學(xué)生家明和老師Ms White.原文本內(nèi)容如下:
Ms White:How many people are there in your family?
Jiamin:There are five.
Ms White:Who are they?
Jiamin:My grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother and me.
Ms White:So you have a big family.
此文本中的重點(diǎn)句型為How many people are there... ? There are... .以及Who are they?根據(jù)我所教授班級(jí)的情況,學(xué)生用15分鐘左右可以掌握,剩下的時(shí)間做什么?我對這一單元的文本進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)充,把原來文本的對話形式改為學(xué)生家明Jiamin的自述,重構(gòu)的文本如下:
Hello, everyone! My name is Jiamin. Im nine. Im heavy, but Im lovely. Look, this is a photo of my family. I have a big family. There are five people in my family. They are my grandmother, my grandfather, my mother, my father and me. The old lady is my grandmother. The old man is my grandfather. They are all happy. There is a tall man in the photo. He is my father. The short and pretty lady in the photo is my mother. I like my family. I love them all.
在本書Module 3 “Personal information”中,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)個(gè)人情況的內(nèi)容,掌握了如何跟別人打招呼,如何介紹自己的姓名、年齡等,所以我將文本重構(gòu)成Jiamin的自述,完全是以學(xué)生所熟悉的方式呈現(xiàn)。而本書Module 5 “Relatives” Unit 9 “Who is this cute baby?”,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了描述家庭成員的形容詞,比如strong, cute, lovely,happy等,以及對家庭成員進(jìn)行描述的句型,比如:There is a strong man in it. Who is he? The thin lady is my aunt.針對這一學(xué)情,我重構(gòu)了以上的文本,既復(fù)習(xí)了對家庭成員的描述,又對there is的句型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了回顧,也融合了本課的句型,最后加上了表達(dá)喜好的句型表述:I like my family. I love them all.借此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的家庭觀念。
教師在進(jìn)行文本重構(gòu)的時(shí)候還要充分考慮到不同學(xué)生的特點(diǎn)、層次水平。還是以“How many people are there in your family?”這一單元為例,我設(shè)置了三個(gè)檢測任務(wù)。
Task 1:選擇正確的答案填空。
A:How many people (there are, are there)in your family?
B: (There are, Are there) five.
A: (Who, What)are they?
B:They are my grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother and (my, me).
A: (But, So) you have a big family.
Task 2:根據(jù)首字母的提示,在橫線上寫出正確的單詞。
A:H______ m_______ people a_____ t_____ in your family?
B:T______ a_________ five.
A:W________ are they?
B:They are my grandfather, my g___________, my f________, my mother and m_______.
A:S_______ you have a b_____ family.
Task 3:聯(lián)系自己家庭的實(shí)際情況,根據(jù)句首的提示詞,續(xù)編對話并寫在橫線上。
A:How many ?
B:There .
A:Who ?
B:Theyre .
A:So .
任務(wù)一、二都是對教材原文本的再現(xiàn)。任務(wù)一的難度較低,能滿足接受能力較弱的學(xué)生的需要。任務(wù)二難度略有提高。任務(wù)三難度最高,實(shí)質(zhì)是對教材原文本的仿寫。學(xué)生可根據(jù)自身的情況,任選其一。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦