劉穎 劉鵬
介詞是英語詞類大家族的成員之一,它經(jīng)常被人們所忽略,然而它卻是英語短語或句子結(jié)構(gòu)的重要組成部分。在一些相似的英語短語中,由于介詞的不同,其含義差別很大,現(xiàn)列舉如下:
1. be strict with與be strict in
(1) be strict with意為“對某人要求嚴格”,介詞with之后必須接“人”。
例如:
As a student,I must be strict with myself. (作為一名學生,我必須嚴格要求自己。)
(2) be strict in意為“對某事要求嚴格”,介詞in之后須跟“物”。
例如:
We must be strict in our work. (我們對自己的工作必須嚴格要求。)
2. lie in,lie to和lie on
(1) lie in+方位,指某地方的位置在介詞in后賓語所指的范圍之內(nèi),前者與后者有所屬關(guān)系。
例如:
Beijing lies in the north of China. (北京位于中國的北部。)
(2) lie to+方位,指某地的位置在介詞to后賓語所指的范圍之外,兩者無所屬關(guān)系。
例如:
Japan lies to the east of China. (日本位于中國的東部。)
(3) lie on+方位,表示某地的位置與介詞on后的賓語所指的位置相鄰,兩者無所屬關(guān)系。
例如:
Shandong lies on the east of Shanxi. (山東位于山西的東部。)
3. look for,look at,look up,look out和look over
(1) look for意為“尋找”。
例如:
He is looking for his pen. (他正在找他的鋼筆。)
(2) look at意為“看”。
例如:
Please look at the blackboard. (請看黑板。)
(3) look up意為“查找”。
例如:
You should look up the new word in your dictionary. (你應(yīng)該在你的字典里查一查這個生單詞。)
(4) look out意為“注意、小心”。
例如:
Look out!Here comes the bus. (注意!車過來了。)
(5) look over意為“查看、檢查”。
例如:
The doctor is looking over the little boy now. (現(xiàn)在,醫(yī)生正在給小男孩做檢查。)
4. be careful with與be careful of
(1) be careful with意為“在……方面認真、在……方面細心”。
例如:
You must be careful with your homework. (你必須認真做家庭作業(yè)。)
(2) be careful of意為“當心、注意”,相當于pay attention to。
例如:
He warned us to be careful of snake. (他警告我們要當心蛇。)
5. by the end of,at the end of和in the end of
(1) by the end of意為“到……末為止”,其后接表示時間的名詞時,如果時間名詞是表示過去的時間,謂語動詞要用過去完成時。
例如:
By the end of this week,We had learned three English songs. (到這個周末,我們已經(jīng)學了三首英語歌了。)
(2) at the end of意為“在……盡頭、在……結(jié)束的時候”,后可接地點,也可接時間,如果后接表示過去的時間,句中的謂語動詞要用一般過去時態(tài);如果接地點,句中謂語動詞常用將來時態(tài)。
例如:
I went to see my friend at the end of last week. (我上周末去看望了我的朋友。)
You will find the hospital at the end of the road. (在路的盡頭你將會找到醫(yī)院。)
(3) in the end意為“最后”,相當于finally,at last。
例如:
They have won the football match in the end. (最后他們獲得了足球比賽的勝利。)
6. be made of,be made from和be made in
(1) be made of意為“由……制成”,強調(diào)能從產(chǎn)品上看出原料。
例如:
The desk is made of wood. (桌子是用木頭造的。)
(2) be made from意為“由……制造”,強調(diào)從產(chǎn)品上看不出原料。
例如:
Paper is made from grass. (紙是用草做的。)endprint
(3) be made in意為“在……地方制造”。
例如:
My pen is made in Weifang. (我的鋼筆是濰坊造的。)
7. on ones way,in ones way和by the way
(1) on ones way意為“在……途中”。
例如:
On my way home I met my friend yesterday. (昨天我在回家的路上遇見了我的朋友。)
(2) in ones way意為“擋道”。
例如:
A truck was in our way yesterday. (昨天一輛卡車擋住了我們的路。)
(3) by the way意為“順便說一下”。
例如:
By the way,do you know where Weifang is? (順便問一下,你知道濰坊在哪里嗎?)
8. by oneself,for oneself和to oneself
(1) by oneself意為“獨自地、無助地”,強調(diào)某人單獨做某事,而不需要別人幫助。
例如:
You must do your work by yourself. (你必須獨自做你的工作。)
(2) for oneself意為“為自己的利益而做某事”。
例如:
They have built a house for themselves. (他們?yōu)樽约航ㄔ炝艘淮狈孔?。?/p>
(3) to oneself意為“暗自、在心中”,常與talk,say,think等動詞連用。
例如:
He said to himself that there was something wrong. (他想這其中有毛病。)
注意:say to oneself意為“在心里想”;talk/ speak to oneself意為“自言自語”。
9. be pleased with與be pleased at
(1) be pleased with意為“對……感到滿意”,相當于be satisfied with。
例如:
Our teacher said he was pleased with our work. (我們的老師說,他對我們的工作很滿意。)
(2) be pleased at意為“因……而高興”。
例如:
I am pleased at hearing what you said. (聽到你說的話我很高興。)
10. give in與give up
(1) give in意為“讓步、屈服”,用作不及物動詞,其后不能跟賓語。
例如:
In the end the teacher had to give in. (最后這位老師不得不屈服。)
(2) give up意為“放棄、投降”,可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞,后接動詞時一般要用動名詞。
例如:
He didnt pass the exam,but he didnt give up. (盡管他考試沒有及格,但是他沒有放棄。)
11. be good at,be good to,be good for和be good with
(1) be good at意為“擅長”。
例如:
He is good at studying English. (他擅長學英語。)
(2) be good to意為“對……和善”。
例如:
Our teachers are very good to us. (我們的老師對我們很和藹。)
(3) be good for意為“對……有益”。
例如:
It is good for our heath to eat more vegetables. (多吃蔬菜有益于我們的健康。)
(4) be good with意為“和……友好相處”。
例如:
We are good with our teachers. (我們和老師相處得很好。)
12. be angry with,be angry at和be angry about
(1) be angry with意為“生某人的氣”。
例如:
My mother is often angry with me. (我媽媽經(jīng)常生我的氣。)
(2) be angry at意為“對某種行為生氣”。
例如:
He is angry at what you did last week. (他對你上周所做的事感到生氣。)
(3) be angry about意為“對某件事生氣”。
例如:
He is often angry about something bad. (他經(jīng)常對一些不好的事情感到生氣。)
13. be on,be to和be in
(1) be on意為“正在發(fā)生、進行中”。
例如:
The meeting is on. (會議正在進行中。)endprint
(2) be to意為“去、來過某地”,介詞之后接地點,如果是副詞則不需要介詞to。
例如:
He has been to Beijing. (他去過北京。)
He has been there. (他去過那兒。)
(3) be in表示“去、來某地了、在某地”,強調(diào)動作的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常和表示時間的狀語連用,介詞之后接地點,如果是副詞則不需要介詞in。
例如:
My father has been in Shanghai for three years. (我父親去上海三年了。)
She has been in our school since five years ago. (自從五年前,她就在我們學校。)
14. spend on,spend with和spend in
(1) spend on意為“在……花費時間、錢”。
例如:
I spent two hours on TV yesterday. (昨天我看了兩個小時的電視。)
I spent three yuan on the book. (我買這本書花了三元錢。)
(2) spend with意為“和……度過”。
例如:
I spend two weeks with my friends last month. (上個月我和朋友們一起度過了兩周的時間。)
(3) spend in意為“做……花費時間”。
例如:
The boy spent four hours in watching TV last night. (這個男孩昨天晚上看了四個小時的電視。)
15. stay at,stay with和stay up
(1) stay at意為“待在……地方”。
例如:
He always stays at home after school. (他放學后總是呆在家里。)
(2) stay with意為“和……待在一起”。
例如:
The little girl always stays with her mother. (這個小女孩總是和她的媽媽待在一起。)
(3) stay up意為“熬夜”。
例如:
My brother often stays up before having exam. (我哥哥在考試前經(jīng)常熬夜。)
16. be popular with與be popular among
(1) be popular with意為“受……歡迎、喜歡”。
例如:
The teacher is always popular with her students. (這位老師深受學生們的喜愛。)
(2) be popular among意為“在……中受歡迎”。
例如:
His song is quite popular among the young. (他的歌在年輕人中相當流行。)
17. be famous for,be famous as和be famous to
(1) be famous for意為“以……而著名”。
例如:
China is famous for the Great wall. (中國以長城而著名。)
(2) be famous as意為“作為……而著名”。
例如:
The old man is famous as a teacher. (這位老人作為一名教師而出名。)
(3) be famous to意為“對……而著名”。
例如:
The Great Wall is famous to the people all over the world. (長城對全世界的人民來說很有名。)
18. hear from與hear of
(1) hear from意為“收到某人的來信”。
例如:
I often hear from my friend. (我經(jīng)常收到朋友的來信。)
(2) hear of意為“聽說”。
例如:
We ever heard of him. (我們曾經(jīng)聽說過他。)
19. think about與think over
(1) think about意為“考慮有關(guān)……;思考”。
例如:
She is thinking about a math problem. (她正在思考一個數(shù)學問題。)
(2) think over意為“認真考慮……”。
例如:
I was thinking a problem over carefully when he came in. (當他進來時,我正在認真考慮一個問題。)endprint