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深海來源真菌Penicillium sp.F00120 代謝產(chǎn)物的研究

2015-02-12 14:08:04田永奇林秀萍王俊峰鞠志冉陶華明劉永宏
關(guān)鍵詞:浸膏硅膠真菌

田永奇 ,林秀萍 ,劉 娟,王俊峰,楊 斌,鞠志冉,陶華明,劉永宏

1中國科學(xué)院南海海洋研究所 中國科學(xué)院熱帶海洋生物資源與生態(tài)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣州 510301;2中國科學(xué)院大學(xué),北京 100049;南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)中醫(yī)藥學(xué)院,廣州 510515

經(jīng)過60 多年的不懈努力,海洋天然產(chǎn)物研究已經(jīng)有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,藥學(xué)家們不斷地從海洋生物中分離出結(jié)構(gòu)新穎,活性良好的化合物,超過0.1%的化合物已作為新藥的先導(dǎo)化合物。鎮(zhèn)痛藥物Ziconotide、抗腫瘤藥物ET-743 和抗腫瘤藥物HaLichondrin B 等海洋藥物的相繼上市標(biāo)志著海洋天然產(chǎn)物在新藥研發(fā)中占據(jù)了重要的位置[1]。海洋微生物與海綿、珊瑚并列成為海洋天然產(chǎn)物的三大來源[2]。由于海洋真菌具有次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物豐富、活性多樣和易于發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為發(fā)現(xiàn)新的海洋活性天然產(chǎn)物的寶庫。迄今為止,已經(jīng)從海洋真菌的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了1000 多個(gè)新化合物。這些代謝產(chǎn)物都表現(xiàn)出良好的抗腫瘤、抗菌、抗病毒和神經(jīng)心血管等活性[3]。

深海的高壓、低溫等極端環(huán)境賦予了深海真菌獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。深海真菌的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物以結(jié)構(gòu)新穎,活性良好著稱,目前已經(jīng)成為藥學(xué)家們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。2012年,本學(xué)科組從深海沉積物來源的真菌Penicillium sp.F00120 中分離得到了一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的倍半萜醌類化合物penicilliumin A[4]。該化合物具有抗腫瘤活性,是迄今為止報(bào)道的少數(shù)幾個(gè)來源于微生物的倍半萜醌類化合物之一。本文作為此工作的延續(xù),采用高鹽培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行發(fā)酵,從Penicillium sp.F00120 的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離得到了9 個(gè)化合物,通過核磁共振、文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照等方法鑒定了這些化合物的結(jié)構(gòu),其中化合物6 和7 為penicilliumin A 的同系物。

1 儀器與材料

核磁共振波譜儀:Brucker Avance DRX500 型(500/125 MHz,TMS 為內(nèi)標(biāo))。HR-ESI-MS:Bruker micro TOF-QII mass spectrometer(Bruker,F(xiàn)?llanden,Switzerland)。EYELAN-1000 型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀。高效液相色譜儀:Agilent 1200(泵型號(hào):G1212C,紫外檢測(cè)器型號(hào):G1315D),YMC-Pack(C8 250 × 10 mm I.D.S-5 μm,12 nm)。TLC:高效薄層層析板(HPTLC)為德國Merck 公司產(chǎn)品和煙臺(tái)江友硅膠開發(fā)有限公司產(chǎn)品。顯色劑:10%硫酸香蘭素溶液。常用有機(jī)試劑均為國產(chǎn)的分析純產(chǎn)品。

海洋真菌菌株F00120 從采自中國南海北部(Lat.22°6.017'N,Long119°17.440'E)1300 m 的海底沉積物樣品分離得到,經(jīng)形態(tài)特征和分子生物學(xué)鑒定,確定其屬于青霉屬,并命名為Penicillium sp.F00120[4]。該菌株現(xiàn)保存于中國科學(xué)院南海海洋研究所熱帶海洋生物資源與生態(tài)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

2 真菌發(fā)酵

將保藏于4 ℃斜面的Penicillium sp.F00120 接種到MB 固體培養(yǎng)基(麥芽浸膏1.5 g,粗海鹽1 g,瓊脂粉1.5 g,蒸餾水100 mL,pH 7.4~7.8)平板上,于25 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)7 d。將活化后的菌株轉(zhuǎn)接到裝有10 mL MB 液體培養(yǎng)基(麥芽浸膏1.5 g,粗海鹽1 g,蒸餾水100 mL,pH 7.4~7.8,加玻璃珠)的100 mL 三角瓶中,于28 ℃、180 rpm 搖床培養(yǎng)2 d。將10 mL 種子培養(yǎng)液轉(zhuǎn)接入裝有大米固體培養(yǎng)基(大米200 g,粗海鹽6 g,自來水200 mL)的1000 mL 三角瓶中,于25 ℃靜置培養(yǎng)60 d,共發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)30 瓶。

3 提取與分離

Penicillium sp.F00120 的固體發(fā)酵物用丙酮浸泡過夜,攪拌粉碎,超聲提取15 min。提取物抽濾,蒸去丙酮,水層濃縮體積,用乙酸乙酯萃取2 次,收集上清液。固體殘?jiān)儆靡宜嵋阴ソ? 次,每次浸泡過夜,抽濾,收集上清液。將5 次得到的上清液合并,減壓旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā),共得浸膏47.6 g。粗浸膏以1∶1 的比例與100~200 的硅膠H 拌勻,待干燥后填入中壓正相硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(1∶0~0∶1)梯度洗脫,TLC 薄層檢測(cè)后合并,得到8 個(gè)餾分Fra.1~8。Frs.4 經(jīng)重結(jié)晶得到化合物1 (200 mg);Frs.5 經(jīng)液相制備(CH3OH∶H2O=6∶4)得到化合物2(25 mg);Fra.7 經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20 凝膠柱(甲醇)分離,得到5 個(gè)餾分Fra.7a~Frs.7e,其中Fra.7c 經(jīng)正相硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶0~0∶1)洗脫,得到8 個(gè)餾分Fra.7c1~Fra.7c8。Fra.7c3 重結(jié)晶得到化合物3(27 mg)。Fra.7c5 經(jīng)正相硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(1 ∶0~0 ∶1),得到化合物4(3 mg)、5(15 mg)。Fra.7d 經(jīng)ODS 柱分離,甲醇-水(1∶9,1 ∶1,7 ∶3,9 ∶1)得到4 個(gè)餾分Fra.7d1~ Fra.7d4。Fra.7d3 經(jīng)液相制備(CH3OH∶H2O=6∶4)得到化合物6(5.3 mg)、7(4.7 mg)、8(10 mg)、9(20 mg)。

4 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1 白色針狀結(jié)晶(CH3OH),254 nm 處有紫外吸收。1H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl3)δH:5.59(1H,brm,H-6),5.39 (1H,brm,H-7),5.22 (2H,m,H-22,23),3.67 (1H,m,H-3),1.04 (3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H3-21),0.97 (3H,s,H3-10),0.93 (3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H3-28),0.83 (6H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H3-26,H3-27),0.65 (3H,s,H3-18);13C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl3)δc::141.4 (C,C-8),139.8 (C,C-5),135.6(CH,C-21),132.0 (CH,C-22),119.6 (CH,C-6),116.3 (CH,C-7),70.5 (CH,C-3),55.8 (CH,C-17),54.6 (CH,C-14),46.3 (CH,C-9),42.8 (CH,C-13),40.8 (CH2,C-4),40.4 (CH,C-24),39.1(CH2,C-12),38.4 (CH2,C-1),37.1 (C,C-10),33.1 (CH,C-25),32.0 (CH2,C-2),28.3 (CH2,C-16),23.0 (CH2,C-15),21.1 (CH3,C-21),19.9(CH3,C-26),19.6 (CH3,C-27),17.6 (CH3,C-28),16.3 (CH3,C-19),12.1 (CH3,C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為ergosterol。

化合物2 淡黃色油狀物,254 nm 處有紫外吸收。EI-MS:112[M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δH:5.73 (1H,m,H-3),4.34 (2H,t,J=10 Hz,H2-6),2.41 (2H,t,J=5 Hz,H2-5),1.99 (3H,brs,H3-7);13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δC:167.33 (C=O,C-2),162.10 (C,C-4),116.63 (CH,C-3),67.63(CH2,C-6),30.32 (CH2,C-5),23.11 (CH3,C-7)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[6]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyranone。

化合物3 白色晶體,EI-MS:500 [M]+,高分辨給出分子式為C28H36O8;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO)δH:5.24 (1H,s,H-11),4.77 (1H,d,J=4.5 Hz,H-6),4.48 (1H,brs,H-3),3.89 (1H,d,J=14.3,4.5 Hz,H-7β),3.40 (3H,s,H3-28),2.48(1H,m,H-9),2.33 (1H,dd,J=14.3,4.5 Hz,H-7α),1.99 (3H,s,H3-27),1.90 (1H,brs,H-1),1.88 (1H,brs,H-5),1.74 (3H,s,H3-21),1.57(1H,m,H-2),1.28 (3H,s,H3-18),1.12 (3H,s,H3-22),1.02 (3H,s,H3-20),0.89 (3H,s,H3-24),0.78 (3H,s,H3-25);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δc:194.3 (C,C-15),194.1 (C,C-17),179.2 (C,C-23),173.2 (C=O,C-19),169.6 (C=O,C-26),140.3 (C,C-12),118.4 (CH,C-11),103.5 (C,C-16),77.9 (CH,C-6),75.5 (CH,C-3),70.0 (C,C-14),54.8 (C,C-13),53.8 (CH,C-5),50.6 (CH,C-9),50.2 (CH3,C-28),43.2 (C,C-10),41.1 (C,C-8),36.4 (CH2,C-7),33.8 (C,C-4),25.8 (C,C-24),24.2 (CH3,C-22),22.0 (C,C-25),21.7 (CH,C-2),20.9 (CH3,C-21),20.7 (CH3,C-27),20.6(CH,C-1),17.7 (CH3,C-20),7.9 (CH3,C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為citreohybridonol。

化合物4 白色晶體,EI-MS:428 [M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl3)δH:5.27 (2H,m,H-22,H-23),4.88 (1H,brd,J=6.6 Hz,H-7α),4.31 (1H,m,H-3α),3.37 (1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-6β),2.55(1H,dd,J=13.2,11.7 Hz,H-4β),1.28 (3H,s,H3-19),1.07 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H3-21),0.96 (3H,s,H3-18),0.94 (3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,H3-28),0.85 (6H,d,J=6,8 Hz,H3-26,H3-27);13C NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δc:151.6 (C-14),135.2 (C-22),132.4(C-23),126.8 (C-8),68.7 (C-3),64.9 (C-5),63.6(C-7),60.3 (C-6),55.4 (C-17),43.7(C-13),42.9(C-24),40.5 (C-20),39.3 (C-9),39.2 (C-4),37.1 (C-12),34.9 (C-10),33.1 (C-25),33.0 (C-1),31.2 (C-2),28.0 (C-16),25.9 (C-15),21.1(C-21),20.0 (C-27),19.7 (C-26),19.3 (C-11),17.9 (C-28),17.7 (C-28),16.9 (C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為5α,6α-Epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-diene--3β,7β-diol。

化合物5 無色油狀物,EI-MS:354 [M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl3)δH:5.36 (4H,m,H-9,10,12,13),4.20 (1H,dd,J=11.5,4.5 Hz,Ha-19),4.16 (1H,dd,J=11.5,6 Hz,Hb-19),3.93 (1H,m,H-20),3.70 (1H,dd,J=11.5,4.5 Hz,H-21a),3.60 (1H,dd,J=11.5,4.5 Hz,H-21b),2.77 (2H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H2-11),2.35 (2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H2-2),2.05 (4H,m,H2-8,H2-14),1.64 (2H,m,H2-3),1.25~1.40 (14H,m),0.89 (3H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H3-18);13C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl3)δC:174.3 (C=O,C-1),130.2 (CH,C-9),130.0 (CH,C-13),128.1(CH,C-10),127.9 (CH,C-9),70.3 (CH,C-20),65.2 (CH2,C-19),63.3 (CH,C-21),34.1 (CH2,C-2),31.5 (CH2,C-16),29.6 (CH2,C-7),29.3(CH2,C-6),29.1 (CH2,C-17),29.1 (CH2,C-5),29.1 (CH2,C-4),27.2 (CH2,C-8),27.2 (CH2,C-14),25.6 (CH2,C-11),24.9 (CH2,C-3),22.6(CH2,C-17),14.1 (CH3,C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為1-Linoleoylglycerol。

化合物6 白色固體,EI-MS:360 [M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δH:5.91 (1H,d,J=1.6,H-2'),4.77 (1H,brs,Ha-12),4.52 (2H,brs,Hb-12 and H-4'),4.29 (1H,d,J=17.7 Hz,H-7'a),4.21(1H,d,J=17.7 Hz,H-7'b),3.67 (1H,d,J=2.9 Hz,H-5'),2.33 (1H,ddd,J=12.6,3.9,2.5 Hz,H-7e),2.31 (1H,d,J=14.0 Hz,H-11a),1.92 (1H,td,J=12.6,3.9 Hz,H-7a),1.81 (1H,dd,J=14.0,11.1 Hz,Hb-11),1.76 (1H,dt,J=12.6,3.9 Hz,H-1e),1.75 (1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-9),1.72 (1H,m,H-6e),1.60 (1H,qt,J=13.6,3.4 Hz,H-2a),1.49(1H,dquint,J=13.6,3.4 Hz,H-2e),1.38 (1H,dm,J=13.6 Hz,H-3e),1.30 (1H,qd,J=12.6,3.9 Hz,H-6a),1.21 (1H,td,J=13.6,4.6 Hz,H-3a),1.18 (1H,td,J=13.6,3.4 Hz,H-1a),1.12 (1H,dd,J=12.6,2.5 Hz,H-5),0.70 (3H,s,H3-13),0.79 (3H,s,H3-14),0.85 (3H,s,H3-15);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δC:195.4 (C=O,C-1'),161.2(C,C-3'),150.5 (C,C-8),120.2 (CH,C-2'),107.4 (CH2,C-12),64.3 (CH,C-4'),64.0 (CH2,C-7'),62.2 (CH,C-5'),59.5 (C,C-6'),55.7 (CH,C-5),51.5 (CH,C-9),43.3 (CH2,C-3),40.7 (C,C-10),40.0 (CH2,C-1),39.3 (CH2,C-7),34.5(C,C-4),34.1 (CH3,C-13),25.6 (CH2,C-6),22.2(CH3,C-14),22.0 (CH2,C-11),20.4 (CH2,C-2),15.0 (CH3,C-15)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為Macrophorin。

化合物7 無定型粉末,EI-MS:418 [M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD),δH:6.12 (2H,brs,H2-2'),4.90 (1H,brs,H-12a),4.79 (1H,brs,H-12b),4.41 (2H,brs,H-7'),3.96 (1H,s,H-5'),3.05(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H-8'e),2.91 (1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H-8'),2.36 (1H,ddd,J=12.9,3.9,2.5 Hz,H-7b),2.20 (1H,dd,J=14.8,4.6 Hz,H-11a),2.11 (1H,td,J=12.9,4.8 Hz,H-7a),1.97 (1H,m,H-11b),1.82 (1H,m,H-9),1.73 (1H,brd,J=12.9 Hz,H-6b),1.72 (1H,brd,J=13.7 Hz,H-1b),1.58 (1H,qt,J=13.7,3.4 Hz,H-2a),1.45 (1H,qt,J=13.7,3.4 Hz,H-2b),1.36 (1H,td,J=13.7,3.4 Hz,H-3b),1.31 (1H,qd,J=12.9,3.9 Hz,H-6a),1.17 (1H,dd,J=12.5,2.5 Hz,H-5),1.14 (1H,td,J=13.7,3.4 Hz,H-3a),1.12 (1H,td,J=13.7,3.4 Hz,H-1a),0.84 (3H,s,H3-13),0.78 (3H,s,H3-14),0.70 (3H,s,H3-15);13C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)δc:192.3 (C=O,C-1'),167.8 (C=O,C-9'),164.5 (C,C-3'),150.1 (C,C-8),120.4 (CH2,C-2'),108.0 (CH2,C-12),85.2 (C,C-6'),74.7(CH,C-5'),71.8 (C,C-4'),60.7 (CH2,C-7'),56.2 (CH,C-5),50.2 (C,C-9),43.3 (CH2,C-8'),42.8 (CH2,C-3),41.0 (C,C-10),39.3 (CH2,C-1),38.8 (CH2,C-7),34.2 (C,C-4),33.8 (CH3,C-13),25.2 (CH2,C-6),22.2 (CH2,C-11),22.0(CH3,C-14),19.9 (CH2,C-2),15.1 (CH3,C-15)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為purpurogemutantin。

化合物8 黃色粉末,EI-MS:218 [M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δH:6.37 (1H,s,H-4),6.31 (2H,s,H-5,7),4.22 (1H,m,H-2'),4.02(1H,m,H-4'),2.62 (1H,dd,J=14.4,4.9 Hz,Hb-1'),2.55 (1H,dd,J=14.4,8.Hz,Ha-1'),1.58(1H,ddd,J=14.2,8.2,7.2 Hz,Ha-3'),1.33(1H,ddd,J=14.2,4.9,3.9 Hz,Hb-3'),1.19 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,CH3-5');13C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)δC:167.9 (C=O,C-1),167.3 (C,C-6),164.9 (C,C-8),156.2 (C,C-3),141.3 (C,C-10),107.2 (CH,C-4),103.7 (CH,C-5),102.7 (CH,C-7),99.9 (C,C-9),67.1 (CH,C-2'),65.3 (CH,C-4'),47.0 (CH2,C-3'),43.0 (CH2,C-1'),24.4(CH3,C-5')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為3-(2S,4S-dihydroxypentyl)-6,8-dihydroxyisocoumarin。

化合物 9 無色針狀結(jié)晶,EI-MS:280[M]+;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δH:6.56 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.53 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),5.96 (1H,s,H-2),4.10 (1H,m,H-2'),2.62(1H,dd,J=14.4,5.1 Hz,H-1'),2.62 (3H,s,H3-11),2.55 (1H,dd,J=14.4,7.9 Hz,H-1'),1.18(1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-3');13C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)δC:182.11 (C,C-4),167.2 (C,C-5),163.1 (C,C-9),161.6 (C,C-2),143.8 (C,C-7),118.1 (CH,C-3),118.1 (C,C-3),116.0 (C,C-10),112.6 (CH,C-6),101.8 (CH,C-8),66.5(CH,C-2'),44.3 (CH2,C-1'),23.6 (CH3,C-11),23.2 (CH3,C-3')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]對(duì)照,基本一致,確定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為 5-hydroxy-7-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-chromone。

1 Du L(杜林).Secondary Metabolites of Five Flamentous Fungal Strains:Structures and Bioactivities.Qing dao:Ocean University of China (中國海洋大學(xué)),PhD.2009.

2 Wang JF(王俊鋒).Studies oil the active secondary metabolites of three marine fungal strains and the effects of alkaline stress on fungal secondary metabolites.Qingdao:Ocean University of China (中國海洋大學(xué)),PhD.2012.

3 Blunt JW,Copp BR,Hu WP,et al.Marine natural products.Nat Prod Reports,2009,26:170-244.

4 Lin XP,Zhou XF,Wang FZ,et al.A new cytotoxic sesquiterpene quinone produced by Penicillium sp.F00120 isolated from a deep sea sediment sample.Marine Drugs,2012,10:106-115.

5 Li JT,Chen QQ,Zeng Y,et al.A new phenol compound from endophytic Phomopsis sp.DC01.Nat Prod Res,2012,26:2008-2012.

6 Hiroko S,Yutaka S,Yoshihiro M,et al.A new mevalonolactone glucoside derivative from the bark of Prunus buergeriana.Chem Pharm Bull,1989,37:829-830.

7 Gao SS,Shang Z,Li XM,et al.Secondary metabolites produced by solid fermentation of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium commune QSD-17.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,2012,76:358-360.

8 Ishizuka T,Yaoita Y,Kikuchi M.Sterol constituents from the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (Fr.)SF Gray.Chem Pharm Bull,1997,45:1756-1760.

9 Murata T,Mori N,Nishida R.Larval feeding stimulants for a rutaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus L.in Citrus unshiu Leaves.J Chem Ecol,2011,37:1099-1109.

10 Sassa T,Yoshikoshi H.New terpene-linked cyclohexenone epoxides,macrophorin A,B and C,produced by the fungus caused Macrophomafruit rot of apple.Agric Biol Chem,1983,47:187-189.

11 Fang SM,Cui CB,Li CW,et al.Purpurogemutantin and purpurogemutantidin,new drimenyl cyclohexenone derivatives produced by a mutant obtained by diethyl sulfate mutagenesis of a marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59.Marine Drugs,2012,10:1266-1287.

12 Que DM(闕東枚),Dai HF(戴好富),Zeng YB (曾艷波),et al.Chemical constituents from the endophytic fungus Acremonium sp.J1 of Antiaris toxicaria.Chin J Med Chem (中國藥物化學(xué)雜志),2009,3:200-205.

13 Shen YX(沈玉霞),Teng HL(滕紅麗),Yang GZ(楊光忠).A new chromone derivative from Berchemia lineata.Acta Pharm Sin (藥學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),2010,45:1139-1143.

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