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云南松松塔的化學成分研究

2015-02-12 14:08:04李冬梅劉光明
天然產物研究與開發(fā) 2015年1期
關鍵詞:松塔云南松狀物

劉 爽,劉 熙,李冬梅,劉光明*,王 飛,高 原*

1大理學院藥學與化學學院,大理 671000;2 云南西力生物技術股份有限公司,昆明 650201

松科(Pinaceae)松屬(Pinus)植物多為常綠喬木,稀為灌木,約80 余種,分布于北半球,北至北極地區(qū),南至北非、中美、中南半島及蘇門答臘赤道以南地方;我國產22 種10 變種,另引入16 種2 變種,分布幾遍全國[1]。對松屬植物的化學成分研究表明,該屬植物富含二萜、三萜、黃酮等結構類型[2],但是,針對云南松松塔部位化學成分的相關研究卻很少。松塔(Pine cone)系松屬植物的球果,在我國具有悠久的藥用歷史,始記于漢末的《名醫(yī)別錄》,《本草綱目》中對松塔的祛痰、止咳平喘、祛風和潤腸等功效也有詳細記載[3]。此外,生物活性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),松塔具有抗腫瘤[4]、抗菌[5,6]、抗病毒[7,8]、抗氧化[9]和免疫增強[10]等功能,日本南部九州地區(qū)民間也有長期服用日本白松松塔煎水喝治療胃癌的習俗。日本學者對此進行追蹤研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)松塔提取物不僅有抗癌活性,還有抑制HIV 復制作用[11]。本課題組從日本學者的研究中得到啟發(fā),對云南松等多種松樹的松塔提取物進行了活性研究,結果顯示幾種松塔提取物均能選擇性地抑制U14(宮頸癌)細胞、S180(實體癌)細胞、Hepa(肝癌腹水)、Mmtv(乳房腫瘤)細胞等的生長,并且具有抗HIV 活性[12]。為了從云南松松塔中尋找具有潛在藥物開發(fā)價值的活性先導化合物,我們對云南松松塔的化學成分進行了深入、系統(tǒng)地分離,并利用現(xiàn)代波譜技術對分離得到的13 個單體化合物進行了結構鑒定。以上研究豐富了該植物的化學成分研究內容,為充分開發(fā)利用云南松松塔奠定了理論基礎。

1 儀器與材料

1.1 儀器與試劑

Bruker AV-400 和Bruker Avance III 600 MHz 核磁共振光譜儀。柱色譜正相硅膠(200~300 目)和薄層色譜硅膠GF254均為青島美高集團有限公司生產;反相填充材料為Chromatorex C-18(40~75 μm,F(xiàn)uji Silysia Chemical Ltd.,Kasugai,Aichi,Japan);MCI 填充材料為MCI-gel CHP-20P(75~150 μm,Mitsubishi Chemical Corp,Tokyo,Japan);凝 膠 為Sephadex LH-20(Amersham Biosciences,Sweden);中壓液相色譜(MPLC)系統(tǒng)為Büchi Sepacore System equipping pump manager C-615,pump modules C-605,fraction collector C-660(Büchi Labortechnik AG,F(xiàn)lawil,Switzerland)?;衔餀z測用TLC(Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc,China)結合Agilent 1200 HPLC series system equipped by Eclipse XDB-C18column(5 μm,4.6 × 150 mm)。顯色劑為香草醛H2SO4/EtOH 溶液。

1.2 實驗材料

云南松松塔于云南大理州漾濞縣小金牛村附近采集,由云南省大理學院夏從龍教授鑒定,該植物樣品存放于大理白族自治州大理學院藥學與化學學院。

2 提取與分離

干燥的云南松松塔26.5 kg,粉碎后,立即用95%乙醇在室溫條件下冷浸提取5 次,每次48 h;合并5 次提取液濃縮后,得到浸膏1.2 kg。浸膏用氯仿∶甲醇=1∶1 溶劑溶解后,硅膠拌樣,經硅膠柱層析,以石油醚-丙酮體系進行梯度洗脫(v∶v=95∶5,90∶10,80∶20,70∶30,60∶40,50∶50,0∶100),檢測合并后得到11 個流分。Fr 1 分別經硅膠(氯仿∶丙酮=200∶1,100∶1,50∶1,20∶1)和Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇=1∶1)柱層析分離純化,得到化合物12(3 mg)。Fr 4 經過反復硅膠、MCI、Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)、RP-18 柱層析分離,得到化合物13(7 mg)、1(12 mg)、5(94 mg)、6(15 mg)。Fr 7~11 經反復硅膠(氯仿∶甲醇=200∶1、100∶1、50∶1)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)柱層析分離,得到化合物9(3 mg)、11(12 mg)、7(2 mg)、8(617 mg)、4(82 mg)、2(2 mg)、3(57 mg)、10(439 mg)。

3 結構鑒定

化合物1 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.70 (1H,dd,J=8.4,1.8 Hz,H-12),7.62(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-14),7.32 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-11),2.94 (2H,m,H-7),2.55 (3H,s,-COMe),2.32 (1H,dd,J=12.4,3.0 Hz,H-1a),2.19 (1H,dd,J=12.0,2.3 Hz,H-5),1.84 (1H,m,H-6a),1.76 (2H,m,H-2),1.59 (1H,m,H-3a),1.47 (1H,m,H-3b),1.39 (1H,m,H-6b),1.36(1H,m,H-1b),1.27 (3H,s,H-19),1.20 (3H,s,H-20);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:198.2 (s,C-15),183.6 (s,C-18),154.7 (s,C-9),135.4 (s,C-8),134.5 (s,C-13),129.3 (d,C-14),125.8 (d,C-12),124.6 (d,C-11),47.3 (s,C-4),44.1 (d,C-5),37.6 (t,C-1),37.5 (s,C-10),36.6 (t,C-3),29.8 (t,C-7),26.6 (q,C-17),24.8 (q,C-20),21.5(t,C-6),18.3 (t,C-2),16.2 (q,C-19)。以上數據與文獻[13]報道的16-降-15-氧代脫氫松香酸數據基本一致,故化合物1 鑒定為16-降-15-氧代脫氫松香酸。

化合物2 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:8.52 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-14),8.13(1H,dd,J=8.4,1.8 Hz,H-12),7.48 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-11),2.77 (1H,dd,J=17.4,14.4 Hz,H-6a),2.70 (1H,dd,J=14.4,3.0 Hz,H-5),2.61(3H,s,-COMe),2.53 (1H,m,H-1a),2.39 (1H,dd,J=17.4,3.0 Hz,H-6b),1.83 (1H,m,H-2),1.77 (1H,m,H-3),1.64 (1H,m,H-1b),1.35 (3H,s,H-19),1.27 (3H,s,H-20)。以上數據與文獻[14]報道的16-降-7,15-二氧代脫氫松香酸數據基本一致,故化合物2 鑒定為16-降-7,15-二氧代脫氫松香酸。

化合物3 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:7.43 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-14),7.34(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.0 Hz,H-12),7.25 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-11),4.72 (1H,d,J=3.2 Hz,H-7),2.54 (1H,dd,J=12.8,2.0 Hz,H-5),2.36 (1H,brd,J=12.8 Hz,H-1a),2.11 (1H,d,J=4.4 Hz,H-6a),1.93 (1H,dd,J=12.8,4.0 Hz,H-3a),1.83(1H,m,H-2a),1.75 (1H,m,H-2b),1.67 (1H,m,H-3b),1.64 (1H,m,H-6b),1.50 (3H,s,H-16),1.50 (3H,s,H-17),1.48 (1H,m,H-1b),1.26(3H,s,H-19),1.15 (3H,s,H-20);13C NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:182.2 (s,C-18),148.8 (s,C-9),148.1 (s,C-13),136.7 (s,C-8),127.6 (d,C-14),125.5 (d,C-12),124.8 (d,C-11),72.8 (s,C-15),68.5 (d,C-7),48.3 (s,C-4),40.9 (d,C-5),39.0 (t,C-1),38.5 (s,C-10),37.6 (t,C-3),32.3(t,C-6),31.8 (q,C-17),31.8 (q,C-16),24.7 (q,C-20),19.7 (t,C-2),17.1 (q,C-19)。以上數據與文獻[15]報道的7α,15-二羥基脫氫松香酸數據基本一致,故化合物3 鑒定為7α,15-二羥基脫氫松香酸。

化合物4 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.99 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-14),7.69(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.0 Hz,H-12),7.30 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-11),3.59 (3H,s,-COOMe),1.51 (3H,s,H-16),1.51 (3H,s,H-17),1.28 (3H,s,H-20),1.20 (3H,s,H-19)。以上數據與文獻[16]報道的15-羥基-7-氧代脫氫松香酸甲酯數據基本一致,故化合物4 鑒定為15-羥基-7-氧代脫氫松香酸甲酯。

化合物5 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.82 (1H,brs,H-17a),4.48 (1H,brs,H-17b),3.66 (2H,brt,J=6.5 Hz,H-15),1.23 (3H,s,H-19),0.58 (3H,s,H-20);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:183.2 (s,C-19),148.2 (s,C-8),106.4 (t,C-17),61.2 (t,C-15),56.5 (d,C-9),56.3 (d,C-5),44.1 (s,C-4),40.5 (s,C-10),39.5 (t,C-14),39.1 (t,C-1),38.7 (t,C-7),37.9 (t,C-3),36.3(t,C-12),30.2 (d,C-13),29.0 (q,C-18),26.0 (t,C-6),21.1 (t,C-11),19.9 (t,C-2),19.8 (q,C-16),12.7 (q,C-20)。以上數據與文獻[17]報道的南洋杉醇數據基本一致,故化合物5 鑒定為南洋杉酸。

化合物6 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.01 (1H,brs,H-15a),4.94 (1H,brs,H-15b),4.15 (1H,dd,J=10.0,4.5 Hz,H-9),3.07(1H,td,J=10.0,7.5 Hz,H-2),2.60 (1H,dt,J=14.0,4.5 Hz,H-7b),2.43 (1H,m,H-11b),2.29(1H,td,J=11.5,2.0 Hz,H-11a),2.22 (1H,tdd,J=11.5,9.0,1.5 Hz,H-10b),2.06 (1H,t,J=10.0 Hz,H-3b),2.02 (1H,m,H-10a),1.86 (1H,m,H-5),1.86 (1H,m,H-7a),1.73 (2H,m,H-6),1.42(1H,dd,J=10.0,7.5 Hz,H-3a),1.02 (1H,s,H-13),1.01 (1H,s,H-14)。以上數據與文獻[18]報道的異考布松數據基本一致,故化合物6 鑒定為異考布松。

化合物7 白色粉末狀;1H NMR (CD3OD,600 MHz)δ:7.23 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.68 (1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-5'),6.59 (1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-3'),6.35 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-4),2.75 (3H,s,H-7')。以上數據與文獻[19]報道的交鏈孢酚數據基本一致,故化合物7 鑒定為交鏈孢酚。

化合物8 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:6.82 (1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-5),6.79 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5'),6.61 (1H,s,H-2),6.59 (1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-6),6.49 (1H,dd,J=8.0,1.5 Hz,H-6'),6.40 (1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,H-2'),5.59 (2H,brs,Ar-OH),4.14 (1H,dd,J=9.0,7.0 Hz,H-9'a),3.87 (1H,dd,J=9.0,7.0 Hz,H-9'b),3.80(3H×2,s,-OMe),2.93 (1H,dd,J=14.0,5.5 Hz,H-7a),2.88 (1H,dd,J=14.0,7.0 Hz,H-7b),2.61(1H,m,H-7'b),2.56 (1H,m,H-8),2.53 (1H,m,H-7'a),2.47 (1H,m,H-8');13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:178.8 (s,C-9),146.6 (s,C-3),146.5 (s,C-3'),144.4 (s,C-4),144.3 (s,C-4'),129.7 (s,C-1),129.5 (s,C-1'),122.0 (d,C-6),121.3 (d,C-6'),114.3 (d,C-5),114.0 (d,C-5'),111.4 (d,C-2),110.1 (d,C-2'),71.3 (t,C-9'),55.8 (q,-OMe),55.7 (q,-OMe),46.5 (d,C-8),40.9 (d,C-8'),34.5 (t,C-7),38.2 (t,C-7')。以上數據與文獻[20]報道的羅漢松脂素數據基本一致,故化合物8鑒定為羅漢松脂素。

化合物9 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.77~6.95 (6H,m,Ar-H),5.60,5.58(2H,s,Ar-OH),4.85 (1H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-7),4.42 (1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-7'),3.92 (3H,s,-OMe),3.90 (3H,s,-OMe)。以上數據與文獻[21]報道的(+)-表松脂素數據基本一致,故化合物9 鑒定為(+)-表松脂素。

化合物10 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:7.38 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2'),7.10 (1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0 Hz,H-6'),6.89 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5'),5.92 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),5.88(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),4.98 (1H,d,J=11.6 Hz,H-2),4.57 (1H,d,J=11.6 Hz,H-3),4.82(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1''),3.88 (1H,dd,J=12.0,2.0 Hz,H-6''a),3.67 (1H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-6''b),3.51 (1H,dd,J=9.2,7.7 Hz,H-2''),3.46(1H,t,J=9.3 Hz,H-3''),3.43 (1H,m,H-5''),3.37 (1H,t,J=9.1 Hz,H-4'');13C NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:198.4 (s,C-4),168.7 (s,C-7),165.3(s,C-9),164.4 (s,C-5),148.9 (s,C-4'),146.5(s,C-3'),130.0 (s,C-1'),124.6 (d,C-6'),118.1(d,C-2'),116.8 (d,C-5'),104.0 (d,C-1''),101.8(s,C-10),97.3 (d,C-8),96.3 (d,C-6),84.9 (d,C-2),78.3 (d,C-5''),77.6 (d,C-3''),74.9 (d,C-2''),73.5 (d,C-3),71.5 (d,C-4''),62.5 (t,C-6'')。以上數據與文獻[22]報道的二氫槲皮素3'-O-葡萄糖甙數據基本一致,故化合物10 鑒定為二氫槲皮素3'-O-葡萄糖甙。

化合物11 白色粉末狀;1H NMR (CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.46 (2H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-2',H-6'),7.28(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-3',H-5'),7.18 (1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-4'),6.99 (1H,d,J=16.5 Hz,H-7),6.95 (1H,d,J=16.5 Hz,H-8),6.45 (2H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2,H-6),6.15 (1H,t,J=2.0 Hz,H-4)。以上數據與文獻[23]報道的數據基本一致,故化合物11 鑒定為赤松素。

化合物12 無色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:7.29 (2H,s,H-2',H-6'),7.20 (2H,s,H-3',H-5'),7.19 (1H,s,H-4'),6.59 (1H,d,J=12.0 Hz,H-8),6.49 (1H,d,J=12.0 Hz,H-7),6.38(1H,s,H-4),6.30 (1H,s,H-6),6.26 (1H,s,H-2),4.72 (1H,brs,Ar-OH),3.63 (3H,s,-OMe)。以上數據與文獻[24]報道的(Z)-3-羥基-5-甲氧基二苯乙烯數據基本一致,故化合物12 鑒定為(Z)-3-羥基-5-甲氧基二苯乙烯。

化合物13 黃色油狀物;1H NMR (CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:9.64 (1H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-3'),7.39 (1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-1'),7.13 (1H,d,J=8.0,2.0 Hz,H-6),7.06 (1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-2),6.96 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.59 (1H,dd,J=16.0,8.0 Hz,H-2'),6.06 (1H,s,Ar-OH),3.94 (3H,s,-OMe)。以上數據與文獻[25]報道的數據基本一致,故化合物13 鑒定為松柏醛。

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