陳紅武, 趙海燕, 胡旭初
(1.南方醫(yī)科大學南方醫(yī)院新生兒科,廣東廣州510515;2.中山大學中山醫(yī)學院寄生蟲學教研室,廣東廣州510080)
重組人硫氧還蛋白對大鼠內(nèi)毒素肺損傷保護作用
陳紅武1, 趙海燕1, 胡旭初2
(1.南方醫(yī)科大學南方醫(yī)院新生兒科,廣東廣州510515;2.中山大學中山醫(yī)學院寄生蟲學教研室,廣東廣州510080)
目的:探討重組人硫氧還蛋白1(rhTrx-1)對新生SD大鼠急性內(nèi)毒素肺損傷的保護作用.方法:制備、鑒定rhTrx-1;將新生SD大鼠分為對照組、脂多糖(LPS)實驗組和LPS+rhTrx-1干預(yù)組.腹腔注射LPS(質(zhì)量分數(shù)為5 mg/kg),制備急性內(nèi)毒素肺損傷模型,干預(yù)組于LPS注射前30 min腹腔注射rhTrx-1(質(zhì)量分數(shù)為10 mg/kg),觀察注射后24 h各組新生SD大鼠的一般情況以及死亡率;重復(fù)實驗,每組分別于實驗后的2、8 h隨機處死大鼠,提取肺組織用于病理切片觀察.結(jié)果:(1)成功制備rhTrx-1;(2)LPS組大鼠表現(xiàn)出活動少,反應(yīng)差,精神萎靡,毛發(fā)無光澤,口周發(fā)紺等全身炎癥反應(yīng)癥狀,瀕死狀態(tài)時表現(xiàn)為毛色青灰,呼吸淺表;LPS+hTrx-1干預(yù)組動物癥狀明顯減輕;陰性對照組、LPS實驗組和LPS+rhTrx-1干預(yù)組大鼠24 h死亡率分別為0%,67%、17%(χ2=14.400,P=0.001);(3)LPS組肺組織損傷嚴重,可見肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,肺泡間隔明顯增寬,肺泡腔內(nèi)有紅細胞、炎癥細胞及漿液滲出,血管周圍組織可見白細胞浸潤,毛細血管有明顯充血及擴張表現(xiàn),隨時間延長有加重趨勢,LPS+rhTrx-1干預(yù)組病理改變較內(nèi)毒素組明顯減輕,肺泡結(jié)構(gòu)尚正常,輕度肺水腫,肺泡間隔稍增寬,紅細胞滲出明顯減少,肺泡及肺間質(zhì)中白細胞浸潤減少.結(jié)論:重組人硫氧還蛋白1對急性內(nèi)毒素肺損傷的新生大鼠具有保護作用.
重組人硫氧還蛋白1; 急性肺損傷; 新生SD大鼠
新生兒急性肺損傷(acute lung injury,ALI)是高病死率的臨床重癥和急癥之一,近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氧化應(yīng)激(oxidativestress,OS)在ALI的病理發(fā)展過程中扮演重要的角色[1],炎癥和抗炎、氧化和抗氧化失衡的理論已被人們廣泛關(guān)注[2-3].肺是炎癥反應(yīng)的重要靶器官之一,炎癥反應(yīng)會嚴重損傷肺功能,導致呼吸障礙.硫氧還蛋白(thioredoxin,Trx)又稱白細胞介素-1樣細胞因子,普遍存在于生物體中[4-5].近年國內(nèi)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人硫氧還蛋白1與氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥性疾病關(guān)系密切[6].本研究通過克隆和表達有酶活性的Trx,探討該重組蛋白對急性內(nèi)毒素肺損傷新生大鼠的保護作用,為后期其抗炎作用相關(guān)機制研究奠定基礎(chǔ).
1.1 材料
(1)rhTrx-1與動物 ①人重組硫氧還蛋白(hTrx-1)cDNA的獲得、引物設(shè)計、基因擴增 從人胎肝細胞中提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA;從人cDNA文庫中篩選出hTrx-1基因,根據(jù)其編碼序列及原核載體PET-28a(+)的多克隆位點,利用DNA Club設(shè)計引物,上游引物P1:5′-AGAGAGCTCATGTCTTCAGGAAATGCTAAA-3′,下劃線為SacI酶切位點,AGA為保護性堿基,下游引物P2:5′-TTTGTCGACCTTCTGCTTGGAGAAATA-TTC-3′,下劃線為Sal I酶切位點,TTT為保護性堿基.以cDNA為模板,應(yīng)用設(shè)計的特異引物,利用高保真的Ex TaqTM酶進行擴增,反應(yīng)條件如下:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,循環(huán)參數(shù)是95℃1 min,50℃1 min,72℃1 min,共35個循環(huán);最后72℃延伸10 min.擴增產(chǎn)物用質(zhì)量分數(shù)1%的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳進行鑒定回收.②hTrx-1基因的構(gòu)建和鑒定 將聚合酶鏈式反應(yīng)(PCR)產(chǎn)物和重組質(zhì)粒PET-28a(+)經(jīng)SacI和Sal I雙酶切后轉(zhuǎn)入大腸埃希菌DH5α感受態(tài)細胞,卡那霉素篩選陽性克隆,對陽性克隆提取質(zhì)粒,進行雙酶切、PCR和測序鑒定.將驗證正確的陽性質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入大腸桿菌BL21菌中.③hTrx-1的大量表達及純化 對陽性克隆進行大量誘導表達,收集沉淀 、超聲裂解,參照His柱說明書,利用6×His的鎳離子親和層析柱進行蛋白純化,收集蛋白洗脫液,透析后用Bradford法進行蛋白濃度測定,并于-80℃保存?zhèn)溆?
(2)動物與試劑 SPF級足月新生7 d SD大鼠(由中山大學實驗動物中心提供);脂多糖(LPS)(美國Sigma公司)
1.2 方法
(1)建立新生SD大鼠急性內(nèi)毒素肺損傷模型足月新生7 d SD大鼠為實驗對象,建立內(nèi)毒素急性肺損傷模型[4],質(zhì)量分數(shù)為5 mg/kg LPS腹腔注射.
(2)實驗動物分組 36只新生7 d大鼠逐一編號,按照隨機數(shù)字表分為陰性對照組、LPS實驗組和LPS+rhTrx-1干預(yù)組,各組12只,陰性對照組腹腔注射生理鹽水0.1 mL;LPS實驗組腹腔注射質(zhì)量分數(shù)為5 mg/kg LPS;LPS+hTrx-1干預(yù)組于LPS注射前30 min腹腔注射rhTrx-1(質(zhì)量分數(shù)為10 mg/kg).觀察注射后24 h各組大鼠的一般情況和死亡率.
(3)每組分別于實驗后的2、8 h隨機處死3只,提取肺組織用于病理切片觀察.
1.3 統(tǒng)計學分析
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件分析,3組間死亡率比較采用多個樣本率χ2檢驗,P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計學意義.
2.1 rhTrx-1全長基因及編碼序列
rhTrx-1基因全長為600 bp,起始密碼子為ATG,終止密碼為TGA,編碼198個氨基酸.
2.2 rhTrx-1基因的擴增和克隆
用特異性引物擴增出hTrx-1基因,經(jīng)凝膠電泳檢測在600 bp附近有特異條帶,與理論值大小相符.將提取的重組質(zhì)粒進行雙酶切鑒定,測序結(jié)果表明插入序列與hTrx-1基因cDNA序列一致,上述結(jié)果說明重組原核表達質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建成功,如圖1.
圖1 重組質(zhì)粒PET-28a(+)-hTrx-1的PCR及酶切鑒定Fig.1 The identification of the PET-28a(+)-hTrx-1 by PCR Amplification and digestion with restriction enzyme
2.3 蛋白表達純化
將重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)化到大腸埃希菌BL21/DE3中進行表達,SDS聚丙烯凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)電泳分析結(jié)果如圖2中所示,在25~35 kDa有表達條帶,與重組蛋白分子量27.9 kDa基本相符.對蛋白進行純化,結(jié)果如圖2中第7泳道,其位置與目的蛋白相符.測得純化產(chǎn)物的蛋白質(zhì)量濃度為1.2 mg/mL.
2.4 24 h各組新生大鼠的一般情況
陰性對照組大鼠活動良好,反應(yīng)靈敏,飲食正常,毛發(fā)光澤,膚色紅潤;實驗組動物注入LPS后,逐漸表現(xiàn)出活動少,反應(yīng)差,精神萎靡,毛發(fā)無光澤,口周發(fā)紺等全身炎癥反應(yīng)癥狀,瀕死狀態(tài)時表現(xiàn)為毛色青灰,呼吸淺表;rhTrx-1干預(yù)組動物癥狀較實驗組明顯減輕.
圖2 重組質(zhì)粒PET-28a(+)-hTrx-1在大腸埃希菌BL21/DE3的表達產(chǎn)物及其純化產(chǎn)物的12%SDS-PAGE電泳分析Fig.2 Expression and purification of recombinant CsTP21.1 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)identified by 12% SDSPAGE
2.5 各組新生大鼠死亡率比較
如表1所示數(shù)據(jù),對3組間死亡率差異采用χ2檢驗,對照組死亡率為0,實驗組死亡率為67%,干預(yù)組死亡率為17%,各組死亡率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=14.400,P=0.001),由此可以看出,rhTrx-1可明顯降低內(nèi)毒素急性肺損傷新生大鼠的死亡率,對新生大鼠具有保護作用.
表1 rhTrx-1對內(nèi)毒素急性肺損傷新生大鼠的存活率的影響Table 1 Effect of rhTrx-1 on the survival rate of neonatal rats treated with acute lung injury
2.6 肺組織大體觀察
實驗組在LPS腹腔注射后,新生大鼠肺臟即可見點狀肺出血,給藥后1~8 h出血程度由局灶到彌漫,逐漸加重.與實驗組相比,干預(yù)組的新生大鼠肺臟出血程度明顯減輕.
2.7 肺組織病理形態(tài)學觀察
實驗組肺組織損傷嚴重,鏡下可見肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,肺泡間隔明顯增寬,肺泡腔內(nèi)有紅細胞、炎癥細胞及漿液滲出,血管周圍組織可見白細胞浸潤,毛細血管有明顯充血及擴張,隨時間延長有加重趨勢(如圖3和圖5分別為LPS注射后2 h及8 h).干預(yù)組病理改變較內(nèi)毒素組明顯減輕,肺泡結(jié)構(gòu)尚正常,輕度肺水腫,肺泡間隔稍增寬,紅細胞滲出明顯減少,肺泡及肺間質(zhì)中白細胞浸潤減少(如圖4和圖6分別為rhTrx-1干預(yù)后2 h及8 h).陰性對照組肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)完整,肺泡腔清晰,肺泡間隔無水腫,間質(zhì)及肺泡內(nèi)見極少紅細胞及炎癥細胞浸潤(如圖7).
圖3 實驗組2 h HE染色×400Fig.3 2 h in LPS group staining of hematoxylin and Eosin×400
圖4 干預(yù)組2 h HE染色×400Fig.4 2 h in rhTrx-1 group staining of hematoxylin and Eosin×400
圖5 實驗組8 h HE染色×400Fig.5 8 h in LPS group staining of hematoxylin and Eosin×400
圖6 干預(yù)組8 h HE染色×400Fig.6 8 h in rhTrx-1 group staining of hematoxylin and Eosin×400
圖7 陰性對照組HE染色×400Fig.7 Control group staining of hematoxylin and Eosin×400
肺是內(nèi)毒素最常累及靶器官,由于ALI導致機體缺氧、酸中毒和呼吸衰竭,死亡率高達40%~70%,當合并其他臟器損害時病死率會顯著提高,是臨床上常見的高死亡率疾病.ALI是多種致病因素導致的肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的損傷,以肺部微血管和肺泡上皮彌漫性損傷、肺水腫及肺間質(zhì)纖維化等臨床綜合征,嚴重者可發(fā)展為死亡率極高的ARDS.ALI發(fā)病的根本原因是肺內(nèi)過度失控的炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)、細胞凋亡、血管緊張素系統(tǒng)參與了的氧化抗氧化失衡等[7].因此,抑制體內(nèi)過激的炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化反應(yīng)是防治ALI的關(guān)鍵.近年國內(nèi)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Trx與氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥性疾病關(guān)系密切,但給予外源性的Trx是否對感染或缺氧導致的ALI具有保護作用尚未見報道.
Trx于1964年由Reichard首次發(fā)現(xiàn),除具有基本的抗氧化功能外,還具有促生長、抗凋亡、抗炎和調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性等作用[8].在急性肺損傷患者中,胞外Trx的水平與細胞因子IL-8呈正相關(guān)性,胞外Trx的水平可作為疾病炎癥反應(yīng)強度的判斷指標[9].在急性肺損傷患者中,患者血漿、支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)、肺巨噬細胞及肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細胞中Trx的含量顯著增加.腹腔注射重組人Trx-1可減弱博萊霉素或炎癥因子IL-2和lL-18引起的間質(zhì)性肺炎和肺纖維化[10],這提示外源性重組人Trx-1的適當補充可增強其抗炎作用,對機體組織及臟器等具有保護作用.LPS是細菌內(nèi)毒素的主要成分,本研究中LPS注射后大鼠出現(xiàn)ALI,肺組織損傷嚴重,肺出血明顯,光鏡下可見肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,肺泡間隔明顯增寬,肺泡腔內(nèi)有紅細胞、炎癥細胞及漿液滲出,血管周圍組織可見白細胞浸潤,毛細血管有明顯充血及擴張表現(xiàn),隨時間延長,損傷有加重趨勢.但給予外源性rhTrx-1干預(yù)后,內(nèi)毒素急性肺損傷大鼠24 h死亡率明顯降低,肺出血顯著減輕,肺組織病理形態(tài)觀察提示紅細胞和炎癥細胞的滲出及浸潤減少,肺部炎癥反應(yīng)減輕,急性肺損傷的病理進程被阻斷,這些均證實補充外源性rhTrx-1對內(nèi)毒素導致急性肺損傷新生大鼠也具有保護作用.
給予外源性rhTrx-1能減少內(nèi)毒素作用后新生大鼠的死亡,抑制肺組織的炎癥反應(yīng).可能與其對于炎癥反應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵因子NF-κB有一定的調(diào)節(jié)作用有關(guān),通過抑制氧化劑,提高DNA和NF-κB的連接,活化NF-κB,從而調(diào)控炎癥因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄和激活,Trx的這種還原作用比L—Cys和還原型谷胱甘肽的作用更為強烈[11].胞外Trx除了調(diào)節(jié)細胞因子的分泌、表達及釋放外,它還具有調(diào)節(jié)炎癥信號轉(zhuǎn)導過程的作用,如能抑制P38有絲分裂原蛋白激酶的活性[12],參與對炎癥相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子如轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(AP-1)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、糖皮質(zhì)激素受體的調(diào)節(jié),抑制巨噬細胞遷移、抑制因子MIF(一種促炎因子)的活性與釋放[11]等.Trx對于各種還原酶系統(tǒng)都有顯著調(diào)節(jié)作用,例如超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidasedimutase,SOD),從而能抵抗體內(nèi)的氧化反應(yīng).因此,Trx能抑制過激的炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化反應(yīng),起到保護臟器免受損害的作用
本研究動物實驗證實,給予外源性rhTrx-1能抑制內(nèi)毒素造成的過激炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化反應(yīng),抑制單核細胞和中性粒細胞等免疫細胞到達炎癥反應(yīng)部位,進而抑制促炎因子的表達和釋放,減輕炎癥反應(yīng)及炎癥損傷.胞外Trx具有抗炎特性及對過激炎癥導致臟器損害的保護作用.因此,許多研究者開始合成rhTrx-1,進一步明確其抗炎效果以及相關(guān)機制,期待可以用于臨床,治療炎癥類疾病.
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[責任編輯:陳詠梅]
Protective effect of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 on LPS-induced acute lung injury of neonatal rats
CHEN Hongwu1, ZHAO Haiyan1, HU Xuchu2
(1.Department of Neonatology,the Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;2.Department of Parasitology,the Zhongshan Medical College,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)
Aim:To study the protective effects of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 on LPS-induced acute lung injury of neonatal rats.Methods:Prepare recombinant human thioredoxin-1 and then prepare animal model of LPS-induced acute lung injury of newborn rats.The full-term newborn Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven days were randomly divided into three groups-negative control group,LPS group and rhTrx-1 intervention group.The rats of rhTrx-1 group were received intraperitoneal injection with rhTrx-1 10 milligram per kilogram,and then with LPS 5 milligram per kilogram in the same way half an hour later,while LPS group were received intraperitoneal injection with LPS 5 milligram per kilogram,negative control group with 0.9%saline 0.1 m l.Their general state and mortality of24 hour were observed.The lung morphology of 2 hour and 8 hour was observed by hematoxylin-eosin stain.Results:1.The prepara-tion of rhTrx-1 was successful.2.In the negative control group,everything was normal,no deaths occurred.In the LPS group,rats gradually showed a decrease in activity,drowsiness,perioral cyanosis,shortness of breath and some systemic inflammatory response symptoms after LPS injected.It turned grey in the skin and they had shallow breathing when they were moribund.The mortality was 67%.In rhTrx-1 group,the general condition of rats were obviously better than that of the control group.The mortality was 17%.The differences among the three groups had statistical significance.3.In the negative control group,the structure of the lung tissue was complete and there was no edema in alveolar septum.In LPS group,the structure of the lung tissue was incomplete and alveolar septum widened.There were a large number of red blood cells,inflammatory cells and serous exudates in the alveolar.Leukocyte infiltration,capillary hyperemia and expansion was visible in perivascular tissue.Compared with LPS group,pathological change was significantly reduced in the rhTrx-1 group.The edema was mild,alveolar septum widened slightly.Also,the leakage of red blood cell and the infiltration of leukocyte reduce significantly.Conclusion:The rhTrx-1 protein has protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury of neonatal rats.
recombinant human thioredoxin-1; acute lung injury; neonatal rat
R365.563
A
1000-9965(2015)03-0256-05
10.11778/j.jdxb.2015.03.012
2015-03-13
廣東省科技計劃基金項目(2012B031800140)
陳紅武(1966-),主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:新生兒危重癥
陳紅武,女,主任醫(yī)師,Mobile:13682257393;E-mail:13682257393@163.com