文 / 鐘倩霞(無限極(中國)有限公司 廣州 廣東510030)
高效液相色譜法測(cè)定猴頭菇中4種核苷含量
文 / 鐘倩霞(無限極(中國)有限公司 廣州 廣東510030)
目的:運(yùn)用高效液相色譜法分析猴頭菇中尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷、腺苷的含量。方法:色譜條件為:Grace Prevail Select C18 (4.6×150mm, 5?m)分析柱;流動(dòng)相為A(水)-B(甲醇)二元梯度洗脫,梯度為:0~4.0min,B%為0→2%;4.0~10.0min,B%為2%→10%;10.0~16.0min,B%為10%→95%;16.0~20.0min,B%為95%→100%;20.0~25.0min,B%為100%→100%;柱溫25℃;進(jìn)樣量10μL;流速1mL?min-1;檢測(cè)波長254nm。結(jié)果:尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷分別在2.0~181.0μg?mL-1(r=1.0000)、1.5~190.0μg?mL-1(r=0.9999)、0.8~126.4μg?mL-1(r=0.9999)和1.0~171.2 μg?mL-1(r=1.0000)范圍內(nèi)線性關(guān)系良好。加樣回收率(n=3)分別為99.5%(RSD=2.8%)、100.5%(RSD=3.2%)、98.9%(RSD=3.4%)和98.1%(RSD=3.7%)。三個(gè)產(chǎn)地猴頭菇的核苷含量差異比較大,浙江江山猴頭菇的尿苷、鳥苷、腺苷含量是所測(cè)樣品中最高的,分別為:1.44mg?g-1、1.06mgμg-1和2.72mg?g-1,猴頭菇中肌苷含量極低,僅在浙江常山和福建莆田產(chǎn)猴頭菇中檢出,浙江江山猴頭菇未檢出。結(jié)論:本法能夠快速、簡(jiǎn)便地測(cè)定猴頭菇中主要核苷的含量,為其質(zhì)量控制提供保證。
高效液相色譜;猴頭菇;核苷
猴頭菇(Hericium erinaceus)隸屬于擔(dān)子菌門,猴頭菌科,是名貴的藥食兩用真菌。其性平、味甘,具有助消化、利五臟的功能。猴頭菇主要化學(xué)成分為甾醇、脂肪酸、猴頭菌素、猴頭菌酮及多糖,猴頭菇多糖是其主要活性物質(zhì)之一,具有增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力,抗氧化,抗衰老,降血糖,以及治療胃炎胃潰瘍等活性[1]。核苷是生物細(xì)胞維持生命的重要物質(zhì),是半必需營養(yǎng)素—核苷酸的重要組成部分[2],也被認(rèn)為是補(bǔ)益中藥共有的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)[3-5]。目前,對(duì)猴頭菇中的核苷類成分的分析還未見文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本文采用高效液相色譜法同時(shí)檢測(cè)了猴頭菇中的尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷,并對(duì)不同來源的3個(gè)猴頭菇中核苷類成分的含量進(jìn)行了比較。
1.1 儀器
藥材粉碎機(jī)(旗箭,上海)、加壓溶劑提取儀(Dionex, Sunnyvale , CA, USA)、Agilent 1200高效液相色譜系統(tǒng),包括自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器、在線脫氣機(jī)、四元梯度泵、柱溫箱和DAD檢測(cè)器(Agilent,美國)。
1.2 試劑
尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷均購自Sigma公司;甲醇(色譜純,Merk,德國)和水(Millipore超純水系統(tǒng),美國)猴頭菇子實(shí)體分別采自浙江江山、浙江常山、福建莆田,經(jīng)鑒定為Hericium erinaceus(Bull.: Fr.)Pers.。
2.1 色譜條件
Grace Prevail Select C18分析柱(4.6×150 mm, 5?m);流動(dòng)相為A(水)-B(甲醇)二元梯度洗脫,梯度為:0~4.0min,B%為0→2%;4.0~10.0min,B%為2%→10%;10.0~16.0min,B%為10%→95%;16.0~20.0min,B%為95%→100%;20.0~25.0 min,B%為100%→100%。柱溫25℃;進(jìn)樣量10μL;流速:1mL?min-1;檢測(cè)波長254nm。
2.2 對(duì)照品儲(chǔ)備液的制備
準(zhǔn)確稱取對(duì)照品尿苷9.70mg、肌苷9.56mg、鳥苷6.35mg和腺苷9.36mg,分別置于10mL容量瓶中,用水溶解并稀釋至刻度,搖勻,制得對(duì)照品儲(chǔ)備液。
2.3 樣品制備
稱取猴頭菇粉末0.5g,與硅藻土1:1混勻,至11mL提取管中,以純水為溶劑,160℃,5min,1500psi條件下提取,提取液離心,取上清液轉(zhuǎn)移至25mL容量瓶中純水定容,精密量取5mL氮吹濃縮,再轉(zhuǎn)移至1mL容量瓶中用純水定容,過膜備用。
2.4 線性關(guān)系考察
分別準(zhǔn)確量取尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的對(duì)照品儲(chǔ)備液適量制成混標(biāo),加水稀釋成6個(gè)濃度的系列對(duì)照品混合溶液,以0.45μm微孔濾膜過濾后供HPLC分析。以各對(duì)照品峰面積Y對(duì)濃度X(μg?mL-1)進(jìn)行線性回歸。尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的回歸方程及最低檢測(cè)限(LOD,S /N=3)和最低定量限(LOQ,S / N=10)見表1。
表1 尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的線性范圍及檢測(cè)限和定量限Table1 Regression data, limit of detection and limit of quantification of uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine
2.5 精密度考察
取同一份對(duì)照品混合溶液,同一天連續(xù)進(jìn)樣6次,計(jì)算各峰面積,考察日內(nèi)精密度;每天進(jìn)樣2次,連續(xù)測(cè)定3天,計(jì)算各峰面積,考察日間精密度。結(jié)果尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的日內(nèi)精密度RSD(n=6)分別為0.42%、0.59%、0.63%和0.48%;日間精密度RSD(n =6)分別為2.54%、3.05 %、1.62 %和2.66 %。
2.6 重復(fù)性考察精密稱取同一猴頭菇樣品粉末0.30g、0.40g、0.50g各3份,按2.3項(xiàng)下方法制備供試品溶液,分別測(cè)定,計(jì)算峰面積,結(jié)果RSD分別小于3.1%、2.5%和1.8%。
2.7 加樣回收率考察稱取已知含量的猴頭菇粉末6份,每份約0.25g,按各成分在原藥材中的含有量分別精密加入等量的對(duì)照品,按2.3項(xiàng)下方法制備供試液,測(cè)定并計(jì)算加樣回收率。結(jié)果尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的平均加樣回收率和RSD分別為99.5%(RSD=2.8%)、100.5%(RSD=3.2%)、98.9%(RSD=3.4%)和98.1%(RSD=3.7%)。
2.8 不同來源猴頭菇中核苷類成分含量測(cè)定
按照2.3方法制備供試品溶液,用外標(biāo)法測(cè)定不同來源的猴頭菇中的尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷含量,HPLC譜圖如圖1所示,含量的測(cè)定結(jié)果見表2。
圖1 HPLC分析猴頭菇中4種核苷色譜圖A,混合對(duì)照品;B,浙江江山猴頭菇樣品;C,浙江常山猴頭菇樣品;D,福建莆田猴頭菇樣品Figure 1 HPLC chromatograms of investigated samples A, Mixed standards; B, C and D, Sample of Hericium erinaceus from Zhejiang Jiangshan, Zhejiang Changshan and Fujian Putian, respectively
表2 3個(gè)產(chǎn)地猴頭菇中尿苷、肌苷、鳥苷和腺苷的含量(mg?g-1)Table 2 Contents(mg?g-1)of uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine in Hericium erinaceus
3.1 提取方法的選擇
猴頭菇在日常生活中多以水煮熬湯的方式食用,且核苷類成分水溶性良好,故本實(shí)驗(yàn)選用水作為提取溶劑。提取技術(shù)是中藥質(zhì)量控制的關(guān)鍵,目前常用的提取方法有索氏提取法、超聲提取法、回流提取法等。但這些提取方法或多或少的存在一些不足之處,如:提取時(shí)間較長、溶劑消耗量較高、提取效率較低。加壓溶劑提取技術(shù)具有的提取快速、效率高、節(jié)約溶劑以及自動(dòng)化等優(yōu)點(diǎn),具有很高的重現(xiàn)性,可有效降低提取條件差異帶來的實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差。
3.2 色譜條件的優(yōu)化
本實(shí)驗(yàn)比較了不同型號(hào)的色譜柱對(duì)核苷類成分的分離效果,包括Agilent SBC18,Agilent Bonus-RP,Agilent Eclips XDB C18和Grace Prevail select C18。結(jié)果顯示,Grace Prevail select C18在甲醇-水體系下即可對(duì)4種核苷類成分有良好的分離,峰型也未見明顯拖尾,且該型號(hào)的色譜柱在高水相流動(dòng)相下有良好的柱壽命及穩(wěn)定性,適合核苷類成分的分離。此外,該色譜條件還同時(shí)兼顧了真菌特征成分—麥角甾醇的分離,可同時(shí)測(cè)定猴頭菇中核苷和麥角甾醇含量。
3.3 不同產(chǎn)地猴頭菇中核苷含量的差異
從表2可以看出,不同產(chǎn)地的猴頭菇,4種核苷的含量均存在較大差異,其中尿苷、鳥苷、腺苷3個(gè)成分含量,按高低依次為:浙江江山>浙江寶新>福建莆田。而肌苷的含量在所有猴頭菇樣品中均較低,含量依次為:浙江常山>福建莆田,而浙江江山猴頭菇的肌苷含量低于定量限。不同猴頭菇中核苷類成分的含量差異與產(chǎn)地或采收時(shí)間的關(guān)系,值得進(jìn)一步深入研究。
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HPLC Determination of 4 Nucleosides in Hericium erinaceus from Different Regions
ZHONG Qian-xia
Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030;
Aim: To determine nucleosides (uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine) in Hericium erinaceus by HPLC-DAD. Method: Grace Prevail Select C18 (4.6×150 mm, 3?m) column was used for simultaneous determination of uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine in D. echinovolvata. Gradient elution with solvent A (water) and B (methanol) was performed as: 0-4.0 min,0→2%B;4.0-10.0min,2%→10%B;10.0-16.0 min,10%→95%B;16.0-20.0 min,95%→100%B;20.0-25.0 min,isocratic 100%B. The flow rate was 1 mL?min-1and the injection volume was 10μL. The system operated at 25 ℃ and the 4 nucleosides were monitored and quantified at 254 nm. Result: Uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine showed good linearity in the ranges of 2.0-181.0μg?mL-1(r=1.0000), 1.5-190.0μg?mL-1(r=0.9999), 0.8-126.4 μg?mL-1(r=0.9999) and 1.0-171.2 μg?mL-1(r=1.0000), and the average recoveries (n=3) were 99.5% (RSD=2.8%), 100.5% (RSD=3.2%), 98.9% (RSD=3.4%) and 98.1% (RSD=3.7%), respectively. The contents of investigated nucleosides were differ from different regions of Hericium erinaceus The contents of uridine, guanosine and adenosine in Hericium erinaceus from Zhejiang jiangshan was the highest among the 3 samples, and the content of uridine, guanosine and adenosine was 1.44 mg?g-1, 1.06 mg?g-1and 2.72 mg?g-1, respectively. However, the content of inosine was very low in investigated Hericium erinaceus, the samples from Zhejiang Changshan and Fujian Putian could be detected and Zhejiang Jiangshan could not be detected. Conclusion: High performance liquid chromatography established in this study is a rapid and simple method for simultaneous determination of nucleosides in Hericium erinaceus and helpful to its quality control.
high performance liquid chromatography; Hericium erinaceus; nucleosides