林稱意
作者單位:442000湖北省十堰市,湖北醫(yī)藥學院附屬太和醫(yī)院胸心大血管外科
·適宜技能·
胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)對早中期肺癌患者免疫功能及心肺功能的影響
林稱意
作者單位:442000湖北省十堰市,湖北醫(yī)藥學院附屬太和醫(yī)院胸心大血管外科
【摘要】目的 探討胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)對早中期肺癌患者免疫功能及心肺功能的影響。方法選取2011年12月—2013年12月在湖北醫(yī)藥學院附屬太和醫(yī)院胸外科接受手術(shù)治療的肺癌患者110例,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對照組,各55例。對照組患者給予常規(guī)開胸手術(shù),觀察組患者給予胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)。比較兩組患者手術(shù)及術(shù)后恢復情況、術(shù)前和術(shù)后第7天免疫功能指標細胞分數(shù)細胞分數(shù)及細胞比值)及術(shù)前、術(shù)后第7天、術(shù)后第30天心肺功能指標〔包括第一秒用力呼氣容積(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼氣峰值流速(PEF)、6分鐘步行距離(6MWD)〕。結(jié)果觀察組患者手術(shù)時間、引流管放置時間、住院時間均短于對照組(P<0.05);兩組患者清掃淋巴結(jié)組數(shù)和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)前兩組患者細胞分數(shù)細胞分數(shù)及/ 細胞比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后第7天觀察組患者細胞分數(shù)細胞分數(shù)及細胞比值高于對照組(P<0.05)。術(shù)前兩組患者FEV1、FVC、PEF及6MWD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后第7天觀察組患者FEV1、FVC、PEF高于對照組,6MWD長于對照組(P<0.05),而術(shù)后第30天兩組患者FEV1、FVC及PEF比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后第30天觀察組患者6MWD長于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)治療早中期肺癌效果較好,能有效提高患者免疫功能,改善心肺功能,增強運動耐力。
【關(guān)鍵詞】肺腫瘤;胸腔鏡外科手術(shù);肺葉切除術(shù);心肺功能
林稱意.胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)對早中期肺癌患者免疫功能及心肺功能的影響[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2015,23(12):80-83.[www.syxnf.net]
近年來,肺癌的發(fā)病率和病死率呈逐年增長趨勢,是威脅人們生命健康的主要惡性腫瘤之一。目前,電視胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)是治療早中期肺癌的主要手段之一,該術(shù)式具有創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后炎性反應(yīng)輕、術(shù)后恢復快、遠期生存率高的特點,可使患者心率和血氧飽和度快速恢復到術(shù)前狀態(tài),從而有效改善呼吸困難癥狀及運動受限情況,提高患者生活質(zhì)量[1]。本研究采用胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)治療早中期肺癌,并觀察其對患者免疫功能及心肺功能的影響。
1資料與方法
1.1納入及排除標準[2]納入標準:(1)術(shù)前經(jīng)影像學檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)肺占位性病變,且無明顯縱隔淋巴結(jié)腫大;(2)術(shù)后病理診斷為肺癌;(3)術(shù)前未進行放療及化療;(4)術(shù)后30 d按時進行相關(guān)指標評定。排除標準:(1)胸腔鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中轉(zhuǎn)開胸者;(2)術(shù)后并發(fā)嚴重肺部感染、呼吸機輔助治療時間>48 h者;(3)術(shù)后因出血和持續(xù)漏氣而需要再次手術(shù)者;(4)術(shù)后不配合相關(guān)指標評定者。
1.2一般資料選取2011年12月—2013年12月在湖北醫(yī)藥學院附屬太和醫(yī)院胸外科接受手術(shù)治療的肺癌患者110例,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對照組,各55例。觀察組中男39例,女16例;年齡56~72歲,平均年齡(63.8±6.5)歲;臨床分期:Ⅰ期33例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲa期4例。對照組中男41例,女14例;年齡54~73歲,平均年齡(63.1±6.2)歲;臨床分期:Ⅰ期34例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲa期3例。兩組患者性別(χ2=0.18)、年齡(t=0.58)及肺癌分期(χ2=0.16)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準,且患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.3方法
1.3.1手術(shù)方法對照組患者給予常規(guī)開胸手術(shù)治療,即患者全麻后取后外側(cè)手術(shù)入路行肺葉切除術(shù)+系統(tǒng)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù);觀察組患者給予胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)治療,即單向式電視胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)+系統(tǒng)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)[3]。具體操作如下:(1)單向式電視胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù):首先對患者行單肺通氣麻醉,麻醉完成后在患者肋間不同位置做觀察孔、主操作孔和輔助操作孔。觀察孔位于腋中線第7~8肋間,直徑1 cm,用于置入胸腔鏡;主操作孔位于肩胛下線第8~9肋間,直徑1.5~2.0 cm,用于置入胸腔鏡切割縫合器;輔助操作孔位于第4~5肋間,直徑6~10 cm,置入小號肋骨撐開器;在胸腔鏡器械和鏡下開胸手術(shù)器械的協(xié)同下切除肺葉,采用胸腔鏡切割縫合器切除發(fā)育不全的肺裂、粘連在一起的肺葉,并進行支氣管離斷,慕絲線結(jié)扎加近端縫扎肺血管。術(shù)中如出血過多、無法有效清掃淋巴結(jié)者則中轉(zhuǎn)開胸手術(shù)治療。(2)系統(tǒng)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù):術(shù)中必須完全清掃左側(cè)第5~10組淋巴結(jié),清掃右側(cè)第2~4組和7~10組淋巴結(jié),并進行縱隔淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)。(3)閉合支氣管殘端:術(shù)中應(yīng)用EC60閉合支氣管殘端,檢查葉間裂發(fā)育情況,必要時應(yīng)用切割縫合器縫合處理。(4)創(chuàng)面處理:手術(shù)完畢用生物膠處理創(chuàng)面,切口放置一次性28F硅膠管或24F蕈形尿管引流,切口縫合后在復蘇室恢復后送回到胸外科病房,必要時在胸外ICU留觀12 h。
1.3.2術(shù)后處理兩組患者術(shù)后均應(yīng)用鹽酸曲馬多注射液(1.0~1.5 mg/h)持續(xù)泵入鎮(zhèn)痛,疼痛嚴重時輔助應(yīng)用布洛芬緩釋膠囊或氨酚羥考酮片等非甾體類止痛藥。術(shù)后嚴密觀察胸腔引流氣體和液體量,根據(jù)胸片結(jié)果決定拔除引流管時間。引流管拔除的同時拔除鎮(zhèn)痛泵,術(shù)后鼓勵患者早期下床活動。
2結(jié)果
2.1手術(shù)及術(shù)后恢復情況觀察組患者手術(shù)時間、引流管放置時間、住院時間均短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);兩組患者清掃淋巴結(jié)組數(shù)和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
表1 兩組患者手術(shù)及術(shù)后恢復情況比較
注:a為χ2值
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)前后免疫功能指標比較±s)
注:與術(shù)前比較,aP<0.05
2.3心肺功能指標術(shù)前兩組患者FEV1、FVC、PEF及6MWD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后第7天觀察組患者FEV1、FVC、PEF高于對照組,6MWD長于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后第30天兩組患者FEV1、FVC及PEF比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),而術(shù)后第30天觀察組患者6MWD長于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
表3 兩組患者手術(shù)前后心肺功能指標比較±s)
注:FEV1=第一秒用力呼氣容積,F(xiàn)VC=用力肺活量,PEF=呼氣峰值流速,6MWD=6分鐘步行距離
3討論
肺癌嚴重影響患者的呼吸功能,會引起呼吸困難、低氧血癥等,肺癌本身即可增加患者心理壓力,手術(shù)又給患者帶來創(chuàng)傷,諸多因素均影響患者術(shù)后恢復效果。胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)是一種治療肺癌的微創(chuàng)手術(shù),其手術(shù)創(chuàng)口小、術(shù)后心肺功能恢復快[5],與傳統(tǒng)開胸手術(shù)相比具有以下優(yōu)勢:(1)胸腔鏡能夠使手術(shù)視野更加清晰,容易辨認小血管[6];(2)胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)主要采用鈍性分離,配合鈦夾及超聲刀,可以避免術(shù)后滲漏[7];(3)胸腔鏡手術(shù)創(chuàng)口較小,減少了肋部滲漏。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者手術(shù)時間、引流管放置時間、住院時間均短于對照組,但清掃淋巴結(jié)組數(shù)與對照組比較無差異。李斌等[8]研究顯示,胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)有助于緩解患者術(shù)后疼痛程度,提示胸腔鏡肺葉切除術(shù)不僅可以達到傳統(tǒng)開胸手術(shù)的治療效果,且可以減輕患者痛苦、縮短康復時間[9]。
常規(guī)開胸手術(shù)治療肺癌可破壞患者胸廓的完整性,損傷肋間神經(jīng),術(shù)后疼痛程度高,胸廓破壞會影響患者有效呼吸,導致肺功能下降,患者術(shù)后呼吸困難或呼吸效能降低,血氧飽和度下降,進而影響心肺運動耐力[13]。胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)采用微創(chuàng)技術(shù),創(chuàng)傷小,避免了對前鋸肌、背闊肌和肋間肌等呼吸肌造成過多損傷,保護了胸壁的完整性,維持了與呼吸相關(guān)的輔助功能,有效保護了患者的心肺功能[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后第7天觀察組患者FEV1、FVC、PEF均高于對照組,6MWD長于對照組,術(shù)后第30天觀察組患者6MWD長于對照組,提示胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)可改善早中期肺癌患者心肺功能,提高患者運動耐力,更有利于達到提高肺癌患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的治療目的。
綜上所述,胸腔鏡輔助肺葉切除術(shù)治療早中期肺癌效果較好,有助于減少手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷、改善心肺功能,增強運動耐力,提高治療效果。
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(本文編輯:謝武英)
Lin CY.Impact of thoracoscopy-assisted pulmonary lobectomy on immunologic function,cardiac and pulmonary function of patients with early or middle stage lung cancer[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2015,23(12):80-83.
Impact of Thoracoscopy-assisted Pulmonary Lobectomy on Immunologic Function,Cardiac and Pulmonary Function of Patients with Early or Middle Stage Lung CancerLINChen-yi.DepartmentofCardiothoracicVascularSurgery,AffiliatedTaiheHospital,HubeiCollegeofMedicine,Shiyan442000,China
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the impact of thoracoscopy-assisted pulmonary lobectomy on immunologic function,cardiac and pulmonary function of patients with early or middle stage lung cancer.MethodsFrom December 2011 to December 2013,a total of 110 patients with early or middle stage lung cancer were selected in the Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery,Affiliated Taihe Hospital,Hubei College of Medicine,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,each of 55 cases.Patients of control group received conventional thoracotomy,while patients of observation group received thoracoscopy-assisted pulmonary lobectomy.Operative condition and postoperative recovery condition,immunologic function index(including cell cell percentage and cell ratio)before operation and after 7 days of operation,cardiac and pulmonary function index(including FEV1,F(xiàn)VC,PEF and 6-minute walk distance)before operation and after 7 days,30 days of operation were compared between the two groups.ResultsDuration of operation,catheter-retaining time and hospital stays of observation group were statistically significantly shorter than those of control group(P<0.05);no statistically significant differences of number of resected lymph nodes or incidence of complication was founol between the two groups(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of cell cell percentage or cell ratio was found between the two groups before operation(P>0.05),while cell cell percentage and cell ratio of observation group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group after 7 days of operation(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of FEV1,F(xiàn)VC,PEF or 6-minute walk distance was found between the two groups before operation(P>0.05);after 7 days of operation,F(xiàn)EV1,F(xiàn)VC and PEF of observation group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group,and 6-minute walk distance of observation group was statistically significantly longer than that of control group(P<0.05);after 30 days of operation,no statistically significant differences of FEV1,F(xiàn)VC or PEF was found between the two groups(P>0.05),while 6-minute walk distance of observation group was still statistically significantly longer than that of control group(P<0.05).ConclusionThoracoscopy-assisted pulmonary lobectomy has better clinical effect in treating early or middle stage lung cancer,can effectively improve patients′ immunologic function,cardiac and pulmonary function,enhance the exercise tolerance.
【Key words】Lung neoplasms;Thoracoscopic surgical procedures;Lobectomy;Cardiopulmonary function
(收稿日期:2015-08-16;修回日期:2015-12-10)
【中圖分類號】R 734.2
【文獻標識碼】B
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2015.12.024