劉曉敏,陳銀河,申才良
(1.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬省立醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,安徽 合肥 230001;2.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬阜陽(yáng)醫(yī)院骨科,
安徽 阜陽(yáng) 236000;3.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院骨科,安徽 合肥 230022)
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Matrilin-1基因rs1149048單核苷酸多態(tài)性與青少年特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸易感性的Meta分析
劉曉敏1,陳銀河2,申才良3
(1.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬省立醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,安徽 合肥230001;2.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬阜陽(yáng)醫(yī)院骨科,
安徽 阜陽(yáng)236000;3.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院骨科,安徽 合肥230022)
摘要:目的綜合分析Matrilin-1基因rs1149048單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)與青少年特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸(AIS)易感性的關(guān)系。方法計(jì)算機(jī)檢查Medline、Cochrane圖書館、Ovid、Wiley Online圖書館、EBSCO、 Elsevier Science Direct、Springer、CBM、CNKI、萬方、維普等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),查詢關(guān)于Matrilin-1 rs1149048 SNP與AIS易感性的病例對(duì)照文獻(xiàn),利用Revman 5.3和Stata12.0軟件分析相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果最終共有4篇文獻(xiàn)納入。結(jié)果顯示GG基因型[OR=1.21,95%CI(0.93,1.56),P=0.15]、AA基因型[OR=0.92,95%CI(0.75,1.13),P=0.44]與AIS易感性無關(guān)聯(lián)性,G等位基因[OR=1.12,95%CI(1.01,1.24),P=0.03]、A等位基因[OR=0.89,95%CI(0.80,0.99),P=0.03]與AIS易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性。僅GG基因型有明顯異質(zhì)性(P=0.10,I2=52%),剔除來自日本的研究后,異質(zhì)性降低(P=0.19,I2=41%),結(jié)果發(fā)生明顯變化[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10,1.75),P=0.005],提示該研究為異質(zhì)性來源之一。納入文獻(xiàn)僅4篇,發(fā)表偏倚未評(píng)估。結(jié)論Matrilin-1 rs1149048 G和A等位基因與AIS的易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性,G等位基因攜帶者對(duì)AIS的易感性增高。
關(guān)鍵詞:脊柱側(cè)凸;青少年;Matrilin-1基因;單核苷酸多態(tài)性;Meta分析
1資料與方法
1.1檢索策略計(jì)算機(jī)檢索國(guó)外的Medline、Cochrane圖書館、Ovid、Wiley Online圖書館、EBSCO、Elsevier Science Direct、Springer數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),國(guó)內(nèi)的CBM、CNKI、萬方、維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),均為以上數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建庫(kù)時(shí)間至2015年2月。國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以“脊柱側(cè)凸”或“脊柱側(cè)彎”、“matrilin”或“MATN”、“多態(tài)性”檢索,國(guó)外數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以“scoliosis”、“matrilin”或“MATN”、“polymorphism”檢索;自由詞檢索與主題詞檢索結(jié)合,語(yǔ)種不限。
1.2納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)病例對(duì)照研究;病例組符合AIS的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);兩組的樣本量、基因型或等位基因例數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)明確。
1.3排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)病例對(duì)照研究形式以外的文獻(xiàn);同一單位同一作者或不同作者以雷同或類似內(nèi)容相對(duì)早期發(fā)表于不同期刊雜志的文獻(xiàn)。
1.4文獻(xiàn)篩選和資料提取由前2名研究者分別獨(dú)立進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)篩選、閱讀納入的文獻(xiàn)全文,提取AIS組和對(duì)照組的樣本量、基因型或等位基因的例數(shù),意見不同時(shí)商討決定。
1.5方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線(http://www.genes.org.uk/software/hardy-weinberg.html)評(píng)估對(duì)照組次要等位基因頻率(minor allele frequency,MAF)。若P≤0.05,提示該原始研究統(tǒng)計(jì)效能較低;若P>0.05,提示該原始研究統(tǒng)計(jì)效能較高。網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線(http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa2.pl)評(píng)估對(duì)照組基因型頻率是否符合hardy-weinberg遺傳平衡(hardy-weinberg equilibrium,HWE)。若P≤0.05,提示不符合HWE,原始文獻(xiàn)為低質(zhì)量研究;若P>0.05,提示符合HWE,原始文獻(xiàn)為高質(zhì)量研究[3]。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法利用RevMan 5.3進(jìn)行Meta分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用優(yōu)勢(shì)比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%置信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI)表示。若異質(zhì)性明顯(P<0.1, I2>50%),Meta分析采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型(即M-H,Random模型),且分析異質(zhì)性來源;若異質(zhì)性不明顯(P≥0.1, I2<50%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型(即M-H,Fixed模型)[3]。當(dāng)納入文獻(xiàn)較少(低于10篇)時(shí),發(fā)表偏倚不評(píng)估[4]。檢驗(yàn)水平設(shè)置為α= 0.05。
2結(jié)果
2.1文獻(xiàn)基本情況按檢索策略總檢出104篇文獻(xiàn),排除不相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)86篇,獲得18篇關(guān)于AIS易感性的文獻(xiàn),再排除13篇各數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)重復(fù)的文獻(xiàn)而獲得5篇,全文閱讀后發(fā)現(xiàn)1篇中文內(nèi)容和1篇英文內(nèi)容相似,排除其中1篇中文文獻(xiàn),最終納入4篇英文文獻(xiàn)。文獻(xiàn)篩選流程見圖1。兩組的基本資料見表1。
2.2Meta分析結(jié)果
2.2.1GG基因型異質(zhì)性明顯(P=0.10,I2=52%),隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型的結(jié)果示兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[OR=1.21,95%CI(0.93,1.56),P=0.15],即GG基因型與AIS的易感性無關(guān)聯(lián)性,見圖2。
2.2.2AA基因型異質(zhì)性不明顯(P=0.49,I2=0%),固定效應(yīng)模型的結(jié)果示兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[OR=0.92,95%CI(0.75,1.13),P=0.44],即AA基因型與AIS的易感性無關(guān)聯(lián)性,見圖3。
表1 AIS組和對(duì)照組的基本資料
注:a聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)限制性片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性(polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment-length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP);b實(shí)時(shí)聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)。
2.2.3G等位基因異質(zhì)性不明顯(P=0.15,I2=44%),固定效應(yīng)模型的結(jié)果示兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[OR=1.12,95%CI(1.01,1.24),P=0.03],即G等位基因與AIS的易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性,提示G等位基因攜帶者對(duì)AIS的易感性增加,見圖4。
2.2.4A等位基因異質(zhì)性不明顯(P=0.15,I2=44%),固定效應(yīng)模型的結(jié)果示兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[OR=0.89,95%CI(0.80,0.99),P=0.03],即A等位基因與AIS的易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性,提示A等位基因攜帶者對(duì)AIS的易感性降低,見圖5。
2.3敏感性分析方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)顯示納入的4個(gè)研究的對(duì)照組MAF和HWE均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1),提示這4個(gè)研究均為高質(zhì)量。僅GG基因型的研究間有明顯異質(zhì)性,當(dāng)剔除Chen等[6]時(shí)異質(zhì)性降低(P=0.95,I2=0),結(jié)果無明顯變化[OR=1.07,95%CI(0.91,1.26),P=0.44]。當(dāng)剔除Bae等[8]時(shí),異質(zhì)性仍明顯(P=0.06,I2=65%),結(jié)果也無明顯變化[OR=1.26,95%CI(0.91,1.75),P=0.16]。當(dāng)剔除Yilmaz等[9]時(shí),仍有明顯異質(zhì)性(P=0.05,I2=68%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析,結(jié)果未發(fā)生明顯變化[OR=1.22,95%CI(0.91,1.63),P=0.19]。當(dāng)剔除Takahashi等[7]時(shí),異質(zhì)性降低(P=0.19,I2=41%),結(jié)果有明顯變化[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10,1.75),P=0.005],提示其為異質(zhì)性來源之一。
3討論
Matrilin-1又稱軟骨基質(zhì)蛋白,是非膠原性細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)蛋白家族之一,其基因位于1p35區(qū)域,主要表達(dá)于骨和軟骨組織[10-12]。Montanaro等[13]對(duì)特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸家系的Matrilin-1基因微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記進(jìn)行傳遞不平衡檢驗(yàn)分析,103 bp位點(diǎn)有明顯的優(yōu)先傳遞,提示家族性AIS可能與Matrilin-1有關(guān)聯(lián)性。AIS患者M(jìn)atrilin-1蛋白水平顯著比對(duì)照組低,在進(jìn)展型AIS患者中表達(dá)更低,提示Matrilin-1蛋白可能與AIS的發(fā)病有關(guān)[14]。陳志軍等[5,15]首先認(rèn)為Matrilin-1 rs1149048 SNP與AIS的易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性,且與AIS的嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。但國(guó)外學(xué)者在日本人群、韓國(guó)人群及土耳其人群中并未證實(shí)該位點(diǎn)SNP與AIS的易感性存在關(guān)聯(lián)性或具有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[7-9]。
在GG基因型比較中異質(zhì)性明顯,經(jīng)敏感性分析異質(zhì)性可能來源于Takahashi等[7]的研究,但其MAF和HWE結(jié)果提示為高質(zhì)量研究,異質(zhì)性可能與種族差異,基因分型方法的選用及各研究所選擇的病例和對(duì)照人群差異有關(guān)。Chen等[6]和Bae等[8]的對(duì)照組為健康者,而Takahashi等[7]的對(duì)照組為部分健康者、部分頸椎后縱韌帶骨化患者和膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,Yilmaz等[9]的對(duì)照組為因不同病因于就診于康復(fù)科的非脊柱側(cè)凸門診患者。目前尚無關(guān)于Matrilin-1基因rs1149048 SNP與頸椎后縱韌帶骨化和骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎易感性有無關(guān)聯(lián)性的報(bào)道,選用患者作為對(duì)照組對(duì)結(jié)果是否有影響,尚無證據(jù)支持。
結(jié)合多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索以防漏檢文獻(xiàn),同時(shí)以主題詞與自由詞檢索提高文獻(xiàn)查全率,并制定規(guī)范的文獻(xiàn)篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),剔除重復(fù)報(bào)道的文獻(xiàn),將選擇偏倚控制至最小。本研究的局限性在于語(yǔ)言偏倚,僅納入了英文和中文文獻(xiàn),除中英文文獻(xiàn)外可能還有其他語(yǔ)種的文獻(xiàn)未被檢索及納入。4個(gè)研究中心采用的基因檢測(cè)方法不完全相同,有研究?jī)?nèi)偏倚,可能對(duì)結(jié)果有一定的影響。
綜上所述,除Matrilin-1 rs1149048 GG和AA基因型外,僅能明確G和A等位基因與AIS的易感性有關(guān)聯(lián)性,G等位基因攜帶者對(duì)AIS的易感性增高,可能為AIS易感的因素之一。后期仍需進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)良好(年齡匹配、對(duì)照組為健康人群等)、大樣本的病例對(duì)照研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)Matrilin-1 rs1149048 SNP與AIS易感性的關(guān)系。
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A Meta-analysis on the association between rs1149048 polymorphism of
Matrilin-1 gene and susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
LIU Xiao-min1,CHEN Yin-he2,SHEN Cai-liang3
(1.DepartmentofNeurology,theAffiliatedProvincialHospitalofAnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei,Anhui230001,
China;2.DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,theAffiliatedFuyangHospitalofAnhuiMedicalUniversity,Fuyang,
Anhui236000,China;3.DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofAnhuiMedical
University,Hefei,Anhui230022,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the association between rs1149048 polymorphism of Matrilin-1 gene and the susceptibility to AIS by a meta-analysis.MethodsCase-control studies were searched from Medline,Cochrane Library,Ovid,Wiley Online Library,EBSCO,Elsevier Science Direct,Springer,CBM,CNKI,Wan Fang and Wei Pu databases for the association between Matrilin-1 rs1149048 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to AIS.Meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with 95% confidence interval(CI)were derived from random-effects or fixed-effects models to assess the strength of the association.ResultsFour case-control studies were included in the final meta-analysis.No statistically significant differences between AIS and controls group were observed between the susceptibility to AIS and Matrilin-1 rs1149048 genotype GG [OR=1.21,95%CI(0.93,1.56),P=0.15] and AA [OR=0.92,95%CI(0.75,1.13),P=0.44];however,significant differences in allele G [OR=1.12,95%CI(1.01,1.24),P=0.03] and allele A [OR=0.89,95%CI(0.80,0.99),P=0.03] were observed between AIS and control groups.There was obvious heterogeneity among the studies in Genotype GG(P=0.10,I2=52%),sensitivity analysis performed by omitting one study at a time.When a Japanese study was omitted,the heterogeneity decreased(P=0.19,I2=41%),and the pooled results were statistically significant [OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10,1.75),P=0.005],indicating that it might be a source of heterogeneity.Because there were only four studies included,the assessment of publication bias was not performed.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis reveals that alleles G and A of Matrilin-1 rs1149048 are associated with the susceptibility to AIS.G-allele carriers have higher susceptibility.
Key words:scoliosis;adolescent;Matrilin-1;single nucleotide polymorphism;Meta-analysis青少年特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是青少年期最常見的脊柱畸形,發(fā)病率為2%~3%[1]。AIS的發(fā)病機(jī)制仍未明確,AIS的家族聚集現(xiàn)象提示遺傳因素在其發(fā)病中可能起一定作用[2]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道數(shù)篇Matrilin-1基因rs1149048單核苷酸多態(tài)性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)與AIS易感性的研究,結(jié)論不統(tǒng)一,為明確AIS易感性與Matrilin-1 rs1149048 SNP的關(guān)聯(lián)性而行此Meta分析。
(收稿日期:2015-03-10,修回日期:2015-05-25)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6469.2015.10.026