鄭夏芳 彭國(guó)平
[摘要] 目的 探討復(fù)方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及腎臟功能的臨床效果。 方法 選取乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者80例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(40例)和治療組(40例);分別給予單純低蛋白飲食和在此基礎(chǔ)上加用復(fù)方α-酮酸口服治療。比較兩組患者臨床療效、治療前后重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良(SAG-C)率、血漿白蛋白(Alb)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、24 h尿蛋白量、腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(eGFR)及C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)等指標(biāo)水平。 結(jié)果 治療組患者臨床療效顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療后營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)相關(guān)指標(biāo)水平均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療后24 h尿蛋白量顯著低于對(duì)照組、治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);但治療前后兩組eGFR水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組患者治療后CRP水平顯著低于對(duì)照組和治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 復(fù)方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及腎臟功能效果確切,具有臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 復(fù)方α-酮酸;乙型肝炎;慢性腎臟病;營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài);腎臟功能
[中圖分類號(hào)] R512.62 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2015)04-0082-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate clinical improving effects of α-keto acids on patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease for nutritional status and renal function. Methods 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease were chosen and randomly divided into both groups including control group (40 patients) with low-protein diet and treatment group (40 patients) with compound α-keto acid on the basis of control group; And the clinical curative effect, the levels of severe malnutrition rate (SAG-C), plasma albumin (Alb), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), three triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol (TC), 24 h proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and C reactive protein(CRP) of both groups were compared. Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was significantly better than that of control group, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The levels of nutritional status indexes of treatment groups after treatment was significantly better than that of control group, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The levels of 24 h proteinuria of treatment groups after treatment was significantly lower than that of control group and before treatment, there was significant difference(P<0.05); And there was no significant difference in level of eGFR between two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). The levels of CRP of treatment groups after treatment was significantly lower than that of control group and before treatment, there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The α-keto acids on patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease can efficiently improve nutritional status and protect renal function.
[Key words] α-Keto acids; Chronic hepatitis B; Chronic kidney disease; Nutritional status; Renal function
乙型肝炎病毒合并慢性腎臟病多見(jiàn)于中青年男性,常規(guī)治療采用飲食低蛋白質(zhì)攝入方案,有效減輕殘余腎臟負(fù)擔(dān)。但目前研究顯示單純蛋白質(zhì)攝入控制療法效果不佳,無(wú)法有效緩解病情進(jìn)展[1,2]。本次研究選取乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者80例,分別給予單純低蛋白飲食和在此基礎(chǔ)上加用復(fù)方α-酮酸治療,比較兩組患者臨床療效、治療前后SAG-C率、Alb、HDL、LDL、TG、TC、24 h尿蛋白量、eGFR及CRP等指標(biāo)水平,探討復(fù)方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及腎臟功能的臨床效果。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
選取我院腎內(nèi)科2010年5月~2012年12月收治的乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者80例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(40例)和治療組(40例)。對(duì)照組患者中男28例,女12例,年齡35~62歲,平均(43.80±6.41)歲;治療組患者中男30例,女10例,年齡36~61歲,平均(43.87±6.43)歲。兩組患者的一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.1.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①符合慢性腎臟?。–KD)Ⅰ-Ⅱ期診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3];②符合慢性乙型肝炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3];③未達(dá)到慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒藥物治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn);④簽署知情同意書,自愿加入研究。
1.1.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①腎功能急性衰竭或下降超過(guò)30%;②失代償性肝病或中重度炎癥;③治療前4周內(nèi)接受抗病毒藥物和激素治療;④自身免疫性疾??;⑤惡性腫瘤;⑥妊娠哺乳期女性。
1.2 治療方法
對(duì)照組患者采用低蛋白飲食治療,每天蛋白質(zhì)攝入量=24 h尿蛋白量+蛋白質(zhì)(0.7~0.8)g/kg;治療組患者則在此基礎(chǔ)上加用復(fù)方α-酮酸(北京費(fèi)森尤斯卡比醫(yī)藥有限公司,批號(hào)81GK307,0.63 g×100片/盒)0.3 g/(kg·d)治療。治療過(guò)程中保證每天膳食優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白比例超過(guò)70%,總熱量攝入維持125~150 kJ。兩組患者治療時(shí)間均為16周。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指標(biāo)包括SAG-C率、Alb、HDL、LDL、TG及TC;其中主觀綜合性營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)估C級(jí)(SAG-C)代表重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良[4];②腎臟功能指標(biāo)包括24 h尿蛋白量和eGFR;其中eGFR=186×(Scr/88.4)-1.154×年齡-0.203×(0.742女性)[5];③CRP檢測(cè)采用美國(guó)Beckman全自動(dòng)生化儀。
1.4 療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]
①顯效:24 h尿蛋白量≤0.3 g;②有效:24 h尿蛋白量下降≥50%,但>0.3 g;③無(wú)效:未達(dá)到上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
數(shù)據(jù)錄入分析軟件選擇Epidata 3.01和SPSS 17.0,其中計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料采用Willcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn);P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.4 兩組患者治療前后CRP水平比較
對(duì)照組患者治療前后CRP水平分別為(1.87±0.43)mg/L、(1.77±0.40)mg/L;治療組患者治療前后CRP水平分別為(1.90±0.44)mg/L、(1.32±0.34)mg/L;治療組患者治療后CRP水平顯著低于對(duì)照組和治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.174、2.236,P=0.035、0.031)。
3 討論
慢性乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者長(zhǎng)期處于微炎癥狀態(tài),機(jī)體蛋白質(zhì)-能量代謝異常,同時(shí)因蛋白質(zhì)于肝臟部位代償性合成,又可誘發(fā)脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂[7,8],最終形成惡性循環(huán),嚴(yán)重營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高。低蛋白飲食療法有助于改善腎臟功能高濾過(guò)狀態(tài)和蛋白質(zhì)代謝,在拮抗局部氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的同時(shí),調(diào)節(jié)生長(zhǎng)因子、部分激素水平[9,10]。而復(fù)方α- 酮酸主要組成成分為α-酮酸和必需氨基酸;其中α-酮酸參與人體氨基酸特別是必需氨基酸合成過(guò)程,有助于減輕膳食體外補(bǔ)充必需氨基酸代謝后廢物對(duì)殘余腎臟組織功能損傷[11]。復(fù)方α-酮酸有助于降低慢性腎臟病患者尿蛋白量,維持正常腎臟功能作用亦被證實(shí),具體機(jī)制如下:①輔助蛋白質(zhì)攝入控制方案可提高蛋白質(zhì)適應(yīng)性合成水平,穩(wěn)定機(jī)體蛋白質(zhì)平衡;②其中含有支鏈氨基酸成分不會(huì)誘發(fā)腎臟血流量及濾過(guò)率改變;③加強(qiáng)支鏈氨基酸功能在腎小管部位再吸收能力[12-14]。
本次研究結(jié)果中,治療組患者臨床療效和治療后24 h尿蛋白量均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明復(fù)方α-酮酸輔助治療乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者在控制尿蛋白、保護(hù)腎臟功能方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì),其對(duì)腎臟纖維化因子表達(dá)高效抑制作用是可能的治療機(jī)制之一[15],但因兩組均采用低蛋白飲食,降低飲食蛋白量也可有效減輕腎臟負(fù)擔(dān),降低蛋白尿量[16],具體機(jī)制還需進(jìn)一步探討。而治療組患者治療后營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指標(biāo)顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組、治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示復(fù)方α-酮酸聯(lián)合低蛋白飲食有助于保持乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者良好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài),但因隨訪時(shí)間較短,遠(yuǎn)期療效及安全性仍有待進(jìn)一步確認(rèn);同時(shí)復(fù)方α-酮酸對(duì)于氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)具有明確抑制作用,可顯著降低患者炎癥反應(yīng)水平,而炎癥反應(yīng)水平異常升高可促進(jìn)患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良狀態(tài)的發(fā)生發(fā)展亦被證實(shí)[17,18]。本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn),治療組患者治療后CRP水平顯著低于對(duì)照組、治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),與以上結(jié)論相一致。
綜上所述,復(fù)方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性腎臟病患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及腎臟功能效果確切,具有臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。但因研究樣本量少、單一中心及隨訪時(shí)間短等限制,所得結(jié)論還需更大規(guī)模臨床隨機(jī)對(duì)照雙盲試驗(yàn)確證。
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(收稿日期:2014-08-08)