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藤梨正丁醇部位化學(xué)成分的研究

2015-03-21 06:01向梅先金財多寇榮生楊光忠
關(guān)鍵詞:吡喃正丁醇硅膠

向梅先, 金財多, 寇榮生, 楊光忠, 李 竣

(中南民族大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院, 武漢 430074)

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向梅先, 金財多, 寇榮生, 楊光忠, 李 竣*

(中南民族大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院, 武漢 430074)

采用薄層色譜,正相、反相硅膠,葡聚糖凝膠,半制備高效液相柱對中藥藤梨的正丁醇部位進(jìn)行了分離研究.得到8個化合物,分別為:2-β-D-葡萄糖-1,3,7-三羥基-酮 (1), 7-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-1,8-二羥基-3-甲氧基-酮(2), 3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,7,4′-三羥基黃酮(3),6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羥基黃酮(4), 6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,4′-三羥基黃酮 (5), 1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-8-羥基-3,7-二甲氧基-酮(6), 3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,3′,4′-四羥基黃酮 (7), 7-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,3′-二羥基-4′-甲氧基二氫黃酮 (8).所有的化合物都是首次從該植物分離得到.

藤梨; 正丁醇部位; 化學(xué)成分研究

藤梨又稱藤梨根、陽桃、木子、獼猴桃根,為獼猴桃科獼猴桃屬植物硬毛中華獼猴桃 [Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.] 的根.中華獼猴桃史載于《開寶本草》,生于林下或灌木叢中,海拔1 400~1 620 m,主要分布于我國東北、華北、西北及長江流域,日本和朝鮮也有分布,我國陜西省廣泛栽培,栽植面積占全國一半以上.民間將獼猴桃的根洗凈,曬干,切碎后進(jìn)行入藥使用.具清熱解毒、清熱利濕、防腫瘤抗癌、祛風(fēng)除濕、利尿止血、解毒消腫,可緩解或治療消化不良、嘔吐、風(fēng)濕痹痛、風(fēng)濕骨痛、消化道癌腫、消化道腫瘤、癰瘍瘡癤、風(fēng)濕骨痛及黃疸等癥.近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)該植物具有抗癌,降血脂等活性[1].隨著癌癥病人的高發(fā),對該藥的研究也引起科學(xué)家的高度重視.本研究對其化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分離研究,采用正相和反相硅膠柱色譜、葡聚糖凝膠LH-20色譜、高效液相半制備色譜及重結(jié)晶等分離和純化方法,同時配合硅膠薄層層析跟蹤分析,以薄層色譜指導(dǎo)柱層析,從藤梨乙酸乙酯和正丁醇位分離得到共計(jì)25個化合物,鑒定出了正丁醇部位分離的8個,且所有化合物均首次從該植物分離得到.8個化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示.

1 儀器與材料

1.1 儀器

ZF-6型三用紫外光譜儀;Bruker AM-600型核磁共振儀;Finnigan LCQ-Deca和Waters/ Micromass Q-Tof-Ultima 型質(zhì)譜儀;美國戴安Ultimate 3000型高效液相色譜儀(Chromeleon 色譜工作站);5C18-MS-Ⅱ(10 mm×250 mm)色譜柱;RE-52型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(上海亞榮生化儀器廠);KQ-500E型超聲波清洗儀;紫外分光光度儀(VU);Nicolet NEXUS-670 傅立葉變更紅外光譜儀;中草藥粉碎機(jī)(FW177,天津市泰斯特儀器有限公司).

1.2 材料

藤梨根購自湖北天濟(jì)中藥飲片廠,經(jīng)中南民族大學(xué)萬定榮教授鑒定為硬毛中華獼猴桃 [Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.]的根.

1.3 試劑

95%的工業(yè)酒精(武漢酒精廠);乙醇:分析純,天津博迪化學(xué)試劑廠;甲醇:分析純,天津博迪化學(xué)試劑廠;乙酸乙酯:分析純,上海國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司;石油醚:分析純,上海國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司;正丁醇:分析純,湖北大學(xué)化學(xué)試劑廠;苯:分析純,國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司;

薄層層析:GF254高效薄層板,青島海洋化工有限公司;TLC板:GF254板,青島海洋化工有限公司;柱層析硅膠:100~200目、200~300目、硅膠H,青島海洋化工廠;RP-18: 50 μm; 反相硅膠,葡聚糖凝膠:日本YMC 公司.

圖1 8個化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)Fig.1 Structures of compounds 1~8

2 方法

2.1 藥材的提取與分離

取藤梨根飲片10 kg,用粉碎機(jī)粉碎成粗粉.將其粗粉置95%的酒精中室溫浸泡提取3次,每次24 h.過濾,合并濾液,減壓回收濃縮得浸膏3.4 kg,將浸膏用90%的甲醇水溶液溶解后用等體積石油醚萃取,回收石油醚得到石油醚浸膏200 g,即石油醚部位.減壓回收下層的甲醇水溶液,得浸膏,浸膏用蒸餾水溶解后,分別用等體積的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,減壓回收正丁醇得到浸膏1.1 kg. 稱取乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位浸膏各500 g,分別采用正相硅膠、反相硅膠、葡聚糖凝膠、半制備高效液相色譜柱進(jìn)行分離,采用重結(jié)晶法對分離的化合物進(jìn)行純化,得到25 個化合物,鑒定了其中的8個.這8個化合物均來自于正丁醇部位.

2.2 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1:黃色粉末,MW=406.33.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 13.41 (1H,s, 1-OH),10.14 (1H,s,OH),7.37(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz, H-5),7.51 (1H,d,J=3.0 Hz, H-8), 7.48 (1H,dd,J=9.0, 3.0Hz, H-6),6.31 (1H,s,H-4), 4.71 (1H, d,J=9.8 Hz, H-1 of Glc);13C NMR (150MHz,DMSO); 179.8 (C=O),165.1 (C-3), 162.1 (C-1), 156.3 (C-4a), 124.5 (C-6), 148.8 (C-4b), 153.9 (C-7),120.5 (C-8a), 108.3 (C-8), 107.8 (C-2),118.7 (C-5), 101.9 (C-8b), 93.2 (C-4),81.7 (C-1′of Glc), 79.2 (C-5′of Glc), 73.3 (C-2′of Glc),70.5 (C-3′of Glc),70.3 (C-4′of Glc),61.6 (C-6′of Glc).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[2].故鑒定該化合物為2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1,3,7-三羥基-酮.

化合物2:黃色粉末,MW=568.48.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 11.75,11.72 (each 1H,s,1,8-OH),7.80 (1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-6), 6.76 (1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-5), 6.67 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz, H-4), 6.46 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2), 4.76 (1H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-1′of Glc), 4.07 (1H,d,J=7.4 Hz, H-1″of Xyl), 3.67 (3H,s,OCH3);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 184.2 (C=O), 167.2 (C-3), 162.0 (C-1),157.6 (C-4a), 149.3 (C-8), 149.8 (C-4b),140.4 (C-7), 125.3 (C-6), 107.2 (C-8a), 101.7 (C-8b), 106.2 (C-5), 103.8 (C-1″of Xyl), 101.1(C-1′of Glc), 97.2(C-2), 92.7 (C-4), 76.5 (C-3″of Xyl), 76.3 (C-5′of Glc), 76.2(C-3′of Glc), 73.3(C-2′of Glc), 73.1 (C-2″of Glc), 69.6 (C-4″of Xyl), 69.5 (C-4′of Glc) ,68.4 (C-6′of Glc), 65.7 (C-5″of Xyl), 56.4 (OCH3).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[3],故鑒定該化合物為7-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-1,8-二羥基-3-甲氧基-酮.

化合物3: 黃色粉末,MW=594.52.

1H NMR (600 MHz, 甲醇): 8.18 (1H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-2′,6′), 6.58 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz, H-3′,5′), 6.58 (1H, brs,H-8), 6.19 (1H,brs, H-6), 5.13 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz, H-1″of Gal), 4.62 (1H,s,H-1?of Rha), 1.28 (3H,d,J=6.2 Hz, H-6?of Rha);13C NMR (150 MHz,甲醇); 179.4 (C=O), 166.8 (C-7), 162.8 (C-5),161.7 (C-4′),158.6 (C-4), 159.3 (C-2), 135.6 (C-3), 132.4 (C-2′,6′), 122.5 (C-1′), 116.3 (C-3′,5′), 105.7 (C-1″ of Gal),105.4 (C-10), 101.7 (C-1?of Rha), 100.3 (C-6), 95.0 (C-8), 75.5 (C-3″ of Gal), 75.2 (C-5″of Gal), 73.7 (C-4?of Rha), 73.1 (C-2″of Gal), 72.4 (C-3?of Rha), 72.2 (C-2?of Rha), 70.1 (C-5?of Rha), 69.8 (C-4″of Gal), 67.4 (C-6″of Gal), 18.1 (C-6?of Rha).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[4],故鑒定該化合物為3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,4′-三羥基黃酮.

化合物4:黃色粉末,MW=462.40.

1H NMR( 600MHz, DMSO): 13.44 (1 H,s,5-OH), 7.52 (2 H,m,H-2′,6′), 6.79(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5′), 6.57 (1H,s,H-3), 6.68 (1H,s,H-8), 4.59 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz H-1″of Glc);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.5 (C=O), 163.6 (C-7), 163.6 (C-2), 160.5 (C-5), 156.2 (C-9),149.7 (C-4′),145.6 (C-3′), 121.5 (C-1′),119.2 (C-6′),113.3 (C-2′), 116.3 (C-5′), 108.7 (C-6), 103.4 (C-10), 102.6 (C-3), 93.3 (C-8), 81.5 (C-1′of Glc), 79.2 (C-5′of Glc), 73.2 (C-2′of Glc), 70.7 (C-3′of Glc), 70.3 (C-4′of Glc), 61.4 (C-6″of Glc).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[5],故鑒定該化合物為6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羥基黃酮.

化合物5:黃色粉末,MW=432.37.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 13.46 (1H,s,5-OH), 7.91 (2H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-2′,6′), 6.82 (1H,d,J=7.5 Hz, H-3′,5′), 6.65 (1H,s,H-3), 6.59 (1H,s,H-8), 4.60 (1H, d,J=9.6 Hz, H-1″ of Glc);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.7 (C=O),163.4 (C-7), 161.4 (C-5), 160.7 (C-4′), 156.4 (C-9), 156.5 (C-2),128.3 (C-2′,6′), 121.2 (C-1′),116.1(C-3′,5′),109.2 (C-6), 103.3 (C-10), 102.5 (C-3), 93.6 (C-8), 81.7 (C-1″of Glc),79.2 (C-5″of Glc), 73.2 (C-2″of Glc), 70.7 (C-3″of Glc),70.2 (C-4″of Glc), 61.4 (C-6″of Glc)).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[6],故鑒定該化合物為6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,4′-三羥基黃酮.

化合物6:黃色粉末,MW=582.50.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 3.26 (1H,s,1-OH), 7.44 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-6), 6.69(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-5), 6.83 (2H,brs,H-2,4), 5.17 (1H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-1′of Glc), 4.27 (1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1′of Xyl), 3.81, 3.91 (each 3H, s, 3,7-OCH3);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.3 (C=O), 165.6 (C-3), 159.3 (C-1), 158.7 (C-4a), 150.3 (C-8), 148.2 (C-4b), 142.4 (C-7), 120.5 (C-6), 104.6 (C-8b),104.4 (C-5), 104.1 (C-1″ of Xyl), 100.6 (C-1′of Glc), 98.6 (C-2), 94.8 (C-4),76.7 (C-3″ of Xyl), 76.5 (C-5′ of Glc), 75.6 (C-3′ of Glc), 73.5 (C-2′ of Glc), 73.3 (C-2″ of Glc), 69.7 (C-4″ of Xyl), 69.4 (C-4′ of Glc), 68.6 (C-6′ of Glc), 65.6 (C-5″ of Xyl), 56.6 (OCH3), 56.3 (OCH3). 以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[7], 故鑒定該化合物為1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-8-羥基-3,7-二甲氧基-酮.

化合物7:黃色針狀結(jié)晶,MW=610.50.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 12.48 (1H,s,5-OH), 7.75 (1H, dd,J=8.5, 2.1Hz,H-6′),7.52 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′), 6.71 (1H,J=8.4 Hz, H-5′), 6.46 (1H,brs,H-8), 6.16 (1H, brs, H-6), 5.31 (1H, d,J=7.7 Hz, H-1′of Gal), 4.32 (1H, s, H-1?of Rha), 1.26 (3H,d,J=6.2 Hz, H-6?of Rha);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 177.5 (C=O), 165.2 (C-7), 161.2 (C-5),156.6 (C-9),156.4 (C-2),148.8 (C-4′), 144.7 (C-3′),133.4 (C-3), 121.7 (C-1′), 121.2 (C-6′), 115.8 (C-2′), 115.4 (C-5′), 103.6 (C-10), 102.2 (C-1″of Gal), 100.2 (C-1?of Rha), 99.3 (C-6), 93.7 (C-8), 73.5 (C-3″of Gal), 73.2 (C-5″of Gal), 71.9 (C-4?of Rha),71.0 (C-2″of Gal), 70.7 (C-3?of Rha),70.4 (C-2?of Rha), 68.3 (C-4″of Gal), 68.3 (C-5?of Rha), 65.2 (C-6″of Gal), 17.8 (C-6?of Rha).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[8], 故鑒定該化合物為3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,3′,4′-四羥基黃酮.

化合物8:黃色粉末,MW=610.56.

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 11.89 (1H, s, 5-OH), 9.26 (1H,s,3′-OH), 6.79(3H, m, H-2′,5′,6′), 6.21 (1H,brs,H-2), 6.19 (1H,brs,H-4), 4.84 (1H,d,J=7.2 Hz, H-1′of Glc), 4.53 (1H, brs, H-1″ of Rha), 3.54 (3H, s, OCH3), 1.16 (3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-6″of Rha);13C NMR(150 MHz, DMSO): 197.2 (C=O), 165.1 (C-7), 163.3 (C-5), 162.4 (C-9), 148.1 (C-4′), 146.6 (C-3′), 130.7 (C-1′), 118.1 (C-6′), 114.3 (C-2′), 112.3 (C-5′), 103.2 (C-10), 100.7 (C-1?of Rha), 99.4 (C-1″of Glc), 96.4 (C-6), 95.7 (C-8), 78.3 (C-2), 76.5 (C-3″ of Glc), 75.6 (C-5″of Glc), 73.2 (C-2″of Glc), 72.1 (C-4?of Rha), 70.5 (C-3?of Rha), 70.3 (C-2?of Rha), 69.5 (C-4″of Glc), 68.3 (C-5?of Rha), 66.2 (C-6″of Glc), 55.6 (4′-OCH3), 42.1 (C-3), 17.6 (C-6?of Rha).以上數(shù)據(jù)與參考文獻(xiàn)一致[9], 故鑒定該化合物為7-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,3′-二羥基-4′-甲氧基二氫黃酮.

3 討論

藤梨為恩施土家藥,具有較好的抗腫瘤活性.鑒于藤梨的藥效,有必要對藤梨進(jìn)行全面研究與開發(fā),充分發(fā)揮其潛在的應(yīng)用價值.本文對藤梨根的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等部位進(jìn)行了化學(xué)成分的分離研究,并探討了治療腫瘤的藥效及作用機(jī)制.采用系統(tǒng)溶劑萃取及柱層析技術(shù)分離和重結(jié)晶方法,從乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位分離得到25個化合物,鑒定了其中8個化合物的結(jié)構(gòu),這8個化合物均來自于正丁醇部位.經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析和文獻(xiàn)資料查閱[10],發(fā)現(xiàn)分離的化合物全部為首次從該屬植物中分離得到,下一步將對其進(jìn)行活性篩選與作用機(jī)制研究,以期為該藥在治療腫瘤的臨床應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù).

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Study on chemical compound ofn-butyl alcohol fraction fromActinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.

XIANG Meixian, JIN Caiduo, KOU Rongsheng, YANG Guangzhong, LI Jun

(College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074)

To study chemical composition of fraction fromActinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq. TLC, normal-phase silica gel column, reverse-phase silica gel column, sephadex-LH and semi-preparative HPLC column were used to isolate chemical compositions ofn-butyl alcohol fraction fromarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq. Eight compounds were identified as: 2-β-D-Glu-1,3,7-tri hydrogen-xanthone (1), 7-O-[beta-D-xylose-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy Xanthone (2); 3-O-[beta-D-Pyranrham-nose-(1-6)-beta-D-galactopyranose]-5,7,4′-trihydroxy flavone (3); 6-C-glucose-5,7,3′,4′-tetra hydroxy flavone (4); 6-C-glucose -5,7,4′-trihydroxy flavone(5), 1-O-[beta-D-xylose-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy Xanthone (6); 3-O-[beta-D-pyran rhamnose-(1-beta-D-pyran galactose]-5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy flavone (7); 7-O-[beta-D-pyran rhamnose-(1-6)-beta-D-pyran glucose]-5, 3′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy two dihydrogen flavone (8).All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant, moreover, all compounds were gained from genus for first time.

Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.;n-butyl alcohol fraction; chemical composition

2015-02-18.

武漢市科技晨光計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014070404010210).

1000-1190(2015)03-0397-05

O629

A

*通訊聯(lián)系人. E-mail: Lijunwuhan@sina.com.

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