楊紅
·論著·
酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常的有效性及安全性研究
楊紅
目的探究酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常的有效性及安全性。方法選取如皋市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科2011年2月—2014年4月收治的女性更年期心律失?;颊?6例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為研究組和對(duì)照組,各43例。對(duì)照組患者給予更年安片治療,研究組患者給予酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療,均以2周為1個(gè)療程,持續(xù)治療4個(gè)療程。比較兩組患者臨床療效、治療前和治療第8周末24 h心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)及治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果研究組患者顯效24例,有效13例,無效6例;對(duì)照組患者顯效13例,有效14例,無效16例,研究組患者臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房纖顫、室性期前收縮及交界性期前收縮發(fā)生次數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后研究組患者房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房纖顫、室性期前收縮及交界性期前收縮發(fā)生次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。研究組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為11.6%(5/43),對(duì)照組為11.6%(5/43),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常安全有效,能有效減少心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)。
心律失常,心性;更年期;女性;酒石酸美托洛爾;普羅帕酮
楊紅.酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常的有效性及安全性研究[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2015,23(3):13-15.[www.syxnf.net]
Yang H.Effectiveness and safety of metoprolol combined with propafenone in treating female menopause arrhythmia[J]. Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2015,23(3):13-15.
更年期是女性從中年步入老年階段的必經(jīng)過程,是指女性卵巢功能由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰直至消失的階段,主要包括絕經(jīng)及絕經(jīng)后一段時(shí)間[1]。對(duì)于更年期女性而言,體內(nèi)激素水平構(gòu)成比例失調(diào)會(huì)引起生理及心理狀態(tài)改變,部分女性會(huì)被更年期癥狀困擾而導(dǎo)致日常生活質(zhì)量下降[2]。心律失常是更年期的常見癥狀,主要是由心肌細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣離子水平失衡所致,細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞之間的傳導(dǎo)通道異常及心肌心電學(xué)的不均衡分布是誘發(fā)心律失常的病理電生理基礎(chǔ)[3],更年期女性焦躁會(huì)在一定程度上加重及觸發(fā)心律失常,使其呈持續(xù)性或突發(fā)突止的心電圖變化[4]。另外,由于女性體內(nèi)激素水平紊亂,會(huì)引起胸悶、氣促、心悸及焦躁等不良癥狀,這亦會(huì)進(jìn)一步刺激交感神經(jīng),使機(jī)體處于更加明顯的應(yīng)激狀態(tài)[5]。目前,臨床上治療女性更年期心律失常的方法較多,而藥物治療是患者依從性較高且療效相對(duì)較佳的方案[6]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常具有較好的臨床療效[7],為此筆者采用隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究探討酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常的有效性和安全性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料選取如皋市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科2011年2月—2014年4月收治的女性更年期心律失?;颊?6例,年齡48~57歲,平均(49.4±5.1)歲?;颊呷朐簳r(shí)均進(jìn)行24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖監(jiān)測(cè)及檢測(cè)促卵泡生成激素、雌二醇、孕酮及促黃體生成素等生化指標(biāo),均符合第7版《內(nèi)科學(xué)》中的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):心、肝、腎功能正常;無語言障礙;智力水平正常;對(duì)本研究知情并簽署知情同意書。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為研究組和對(duì)照組,各43例。兩組患者年齡和心律失常類型比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。
1.2 治療方法研究組患者給予酒石酸美托洛爾(阿斯利康制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字J20100098)聯(lián)合普羅帕酮(江蘇神龍藥業(yè)有限公司生產(chǎn),國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H32020350)治療,具體方案:餐后服用酒石酸美托洛爾,40 mg/次,2次/d,同時(shí)給予普羅帕酮口服,75 mg/次,2次/d。對(duì)照組患者給予更年安片(亞寶藥業(yè)太原制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字Z14021926)治療,3片/次,3次/d。兩組患者均以2周為1個(gè)療程,持續(xù)治療4個(gè)療程。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)(1)臨床療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):顯效:臨床癥狀基本消失,且期前收縮消失或次數(shù)減少≥90%;有效:臨床癥狀有所改善,且期前收縮次數(shù)減少≥50%;無效:臨床癥狀無改善甚至出現(xiàn)惡化,且期前收縮次數(shù)減少<50%。(2)24 h心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù):兩組患者于治療前及治療后第8周末行24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖監(jiān)測(cè),并記錄各類心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)。(3)不良反應(yīng):觀察兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布者以(x±s)表示,采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn);等級(jí)資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 臨床療效研究組患者顯效24例,有效13例,無效6例;對(duì)照組患者顯效13例,有效14例,無效16例。研究組患者臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(u=-2.760,P=0.006)。
2.2 24h心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)比較治療前兩組患者房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房纖顫、室性期前收縮及交界性期前收縮發(fā)生次數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后研究組患者房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房纖顫、室性期前收縮及交界性期前收縮發(fā)生次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
表2 兩組患者治療前后24 h心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)比較(±s,次/24 h)Table 2 Comparison of 24 h arrhythmias frequencies between the two groups before and after treatment
表2 兩組患者治療前后24 h心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù)比較(±s,次/24 h)Table 2 Comparison of 24 h arrhythmias frequencies between the two groups before and after treatment
治療后對(duì)照組431 372.7±628.3885.6±139.2847.5±92.7613.4±56.8980.5±203.1619.2±78.0750.8±139.14組別例數(shù)房性期前收縮治療前治療后短陣房性心動(dòng)過速治療前治療后心房纖顫治療前治療后室性期前收縮治療前治療后交界性期前收縮治療前12.6±79.0318.2±8.0212.7±5.7研究組431 418.0±631.9652.5±102.8852.0±93.5362.8±48.91 005.2±218.9453.1±65.3743.0±136.3257.8±53.2315.9±8.3107.3±3.2 t .6581.308105.732 P值0.7400.0000.8230.0000.5890.0000.7930.00值0.3338.8330.22421.9250.54210.7070.26310 00.1940.000
2.3 不良反應(yīng)研究組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為11.6% (5/43),對(duì)照組為11.6%(5/43),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.000,P=1.000,見表3)。兩組患者胃腸道反應(yīng)、頭暈及甲狀腺功能減低癥狀經(jīng)對(duì)癥處理后消失,未影響后續(xù)治療。
表3 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較(例)Table 3 Comparison of incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups
近年來隨著我國(guó)人口老齡化進(jìn)程的加快,越來越多的女性逐步邁入更年期,這給女性的工作生活帶來極大影響[8]。更年期心律失常是因機(jī)體內(nèi)分泌紊亂所致,激素失調(diào)會(huì)誘發(fā)機(jī)體處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致交感神經(jīng)張力增強(qiáng)、副交感神經(jīng)張力減弱,從而影響心肌組織正常的舒縮功能而誘發(fā)期前收縮[9]。由于這類群體較為特殊,大部分患者不存在心臟器質(zhì)性病變,臨床上極少發(fā)現(xiàn)更年期惡性心律失常[10],因此女性更年期心律失常的臨床分級(jí)尚未達(dá)到使用抗心律失常藥物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11]。雖然更年期心律失常嚴(yán)重程度較輕,但患者會(huì)有非常嚴(yán)重的不適癥狀,因此探究一種具有較佳抗心律失常療效且安全性較高的治療方案非常重要。
普羅帕酮是臨床上常用的Ic類抗心律失常藥物,其作用于細(xì)胞膜而導(dǎo)致鈉離子通道關(guān)閉,使細(xì)胞外液中鈉離子流至細(xì)胞內(nèi)受阻,進(jìn)而減慢收縮除極速度、延長(zhǎng)傳導(dǎo)時(shí)間[12];另外,該藥還可以通過作用于心房和心肌傳導(dǎo)纖維而與β受體阻滯劑競(jìng)爭(zhēng),進(jìn)而高效抑制心肌細(xì)胞興奮性、延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作電位時(shí)程及有效不應(yīng)期,對(duì)房性期前收縮的改善效果明顯[13]。另外,傳導(dǎo)延緩機(jī)制亦會(huì)作用于房室旁路,延長(zhǎng)其前向傳導(dǎo)速度而提高心肌細(xì)胞的閾電位,最終改善房室交界性心律失常[14]。除此之外,該藥還能降低房室傳導(dǎo)速度,即可借助降低心肌細(xì)胞興奮性及延長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)期使折返性心律失常發(fā)生率降低[15]。且該藥具有作用時(shí)間持久及起效迅速的藥學(xué)特性,使其能快速干預(yù)及防治室性或室上性異位起搏,進(jìn)而降低心律失常發(fā)生率[16]。酒石酸美托洛爾屬于選擇性β受體阻滯劑,其能有效降低去甲腎上腺素及腎上腺素分泌量,延長(zhǎng)房室傳導(dǎo)間隔及減弱心肌自律性,進(jìn)而減緩心率、抑制心肌收縮力,在改善女性更年期臨床癥狀的同時(shí)減弱更年期對(duì)心律失常的影響[17]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,研究組患者臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,治療后研究組患者房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房纖顫、室性期前收縮及交界性期前收縮發(fā)生次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,表明酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常療效較好,且能有效改善患者心律失常發(fā)生情況。另外,兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率間無明顯差異。
綜上所述,酒石酸美托洛爾聯(lián)合普羅帕酮治療女性更年期心律失常安全有效,且能有效減少患者的心律失常發(fā)生次數(shù),可作為女性更年期心律失常的治療方案。
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Effectiveness and Safety of Metoprolol Combined with Propafenone in Treating Female Menopause Arrhythmia
YANG Hong.
Department of Cardiology,People's Hospital of Rugao,Rugao 226500,China
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness and safety of metoprolol combined with propafenone in treating female menopause arrhythmia.MethodsFrom February 2011 to April 2014,a total of 86 female patients with menopausal arrhythmia were selected in the Department of Cardiology,People's Hospital of Rugao,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,43 cases in each group.Patients of control group were given gengnianan tablets,while patients of observation group were given metoprolol combined with propafenone;both groups treated for 4 courses (2 weeks as a course).Clinical effect,arrhythmia frequencies before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment,incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn observation group,24 cases got excellent effect,13 cases got good effect,6 cases was invalid;in control group,13 cases got excellent effect,14 cases got good effect,16 cases was invalid,the clinical effect of observation group was better than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of frequencies of premature atrial contraction,transient atrial tachycardia,atrial fibrillation,ventricular premature contraction or premature junctional contraction was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);while frequencies of premature atrial contraction,transient atrial tachycardia,atrial fibrillation,ventricular premature contraction and premature junctional contraction of observation group were lower than those of control group after treatment(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of observation group was 11.6%,that of control group was 11.6%,the difference was not statistically significantly different(P>0.05).ConclusionMetoprolol combined with propafenone is effective and safe in treating female menopause arrhythmia,can effectively reduce the arrhythmia frequencies.
Arrhythmia,cardiac;Climacteric;Femininity;Metoprolol;Propafenone
R 541.7
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2015.03.004
2014-10-12;
2015-03-02)
(本文編輯:謝武英)
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