馬瑞松,李元紅,江洪,胡笑容,李雪飛(武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院,武漢430060;恩施土家族苗族自治州中心醫(yī)院)
IL-33對(duì)大鼠I/R損傷心肌炎癥反應(yīng)和細(xì)胞自噬的影響
馬瑞松1,李元紅2,江洪1,胡笑容1,李雪飛1
(1武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院,武漢430060;2恩施土家族苗族自治州中心醫(yī)院)
摘要:目的探討IL-33對(duì)心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)損傷心肌的保護(hù)作用及機(jī)制。方法將32只大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(n=10)、模型組(n=10)、IL-33組(n=6)及IL-33特異性受體(ST2)抑制劑組(anti-ST2組,n=6)。除假手術(shù)組外,其余各組采用結(jié)扎冠狀動(dòng)脈左前降支法建立I/R心肌損傷模型。假手術(shù)組僅麻醉、開胸、穿線,但不結(jié)扎。IL-33制模前30 min尾靜脈注射IL-33 10 μg,anti-ST2組注射anti-ST2 0.2 mL(1mg/mL)。再灌注4 h后取血清或心肌組織檢測(cè)各組以下指標(biāo):①血清乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平:采用分光光度法檢測(cè);②心肌組織Th1型炎癥因子(TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-6)和Th2型炎癥因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13)水平:采用ELISA法檢測(cè);③心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3和beclin-1相對(duì)表達(dá)量:采用Western blot法檢測(cè)。結(jié)果①LDH、CK水平:模型組均明顯高于假手術(shù)組,IL-33組均明顯低于模型組,P均<0.05; anti-ST2組較模型組無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。②心肌組織炎癥因子表達(dá): Th1型炎癥因子模型組及IL-33組均明顯高于假手術(shù)組,IL-33組明顯低于模型組,P均<0.05; anti-ST2組與模型組比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。Th2型炎癥因子模型組明顯低于假手術(shù)組,IL-33組明顯高于模型組,anti-ST2組與模型組比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;③心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3和beclin-1相對(duì)表達(dá)量:模型組明顯高于、IL-33組明顯低于假手術(shù)組; IL-33組明顯低于模型組(P均<0.05) ; anti-ST2組與模型組比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。IL-33與anti-ST2組各觀察指標(biāo)均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論IL-33可通過抑制細(xì)胞過度自噬,減弱Th1型炎癥反應(yīng),促進(jìn)Th2型炎癥反應(yīng)而減輕心肌I/R損傷。
關(guān)鍵詞:心肌;缺血再灌注損傷;白介素33;細(xì)胞自噬;炎癥因子
研究證實(shí),炎癥反應(yīng)和細(xì)胞自噬在心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)損傷發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[1~4]。IL-33是一種IL-1家族細(xì)胞因子,存在于細(xì)胞核內(nèi),可調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖和轉(zhuǎn)錄。當(dāng)細(xì)胞凋亡和壞死時(shí)IL-33被釋放到細(xì)胞外,但凋亡細(xì)胞中活化的Caspase-3會(huì)將IL-33剪切為無生物活性的片段,而完整的IL-33與其特異性受體ST2結(jié)合可發(fā)揮細(xì)胞因子的作用。近期研究證實(shí),IL-33可誘導(dǎo)幼稚型T細(xì)胞向Th2細(xì)胞分化,加強(qiáng)Th2型炎癥反應(yīng),減弱Th1型炎癥反應(yīng);可參與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞自噬[5,6]。但I(xiàn)L-33是否可通過調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng)和細(xì)胞自噬影響心肌I/R損傷尚無相關(guān)報(bào)道。為此,我們于2014年10月~2015年1月進(jìn)行了如下研究。
1.1動(dòng)物分組與處理SPF級(jí)成年雄性SD大鼠32只,體質(zhì)量200~250 g,購于武漢大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心。隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(假手術(shù)組,n=10)、缺血再灌注組(模型組n=10)、白介素33組(n=6)、ST2抑制劑(anti-ST2)組(anti-ST2組,n=6)。除假手術(shù)組外,其余各組均建立心肌I/R損傷模型: 2%戊巴比妥鈉(40 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,仰臥位固定,氣管插管,連接動(dòng)物呼吸機(jī)(呼吸頻率70次/min,吸呼比1︰1.5,潮氣量3~4 mL/100 g)。動(dòng)物心電圖機(jī)記錄Ⅱ?qū)碾妶D。于胸骨左緣開胸暴露心室前壁,剪開心包膜;于左心耳與肺動(dòng)脈圓錐間用小圓針帶5-0線穿過左前降支(LAD)下緣,將前降支與一個(gè)中間帶凹槽的空心乳膠管一起結(jié)扎。以心尖部心肌變蒼白、心電圖Ⅱ?qū)?lián)明顯上抬表明缺血成功。缺血30 min,再灌注4 h。假手術(shù)組僅麻醉、開胸、穿線但不結(jié)扎。IL-33組及anti-ST2組分別于制模前(麻醉后)尾靜脈注射IL-33 10 μg、anti-ST2 0.2 mL(1 mg/mL)。
1.2檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目及方法
1.2.1血清乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)水平采用分光光度法。再灌4 h后各組經(jīng)頸靜脈取血2 mL,3 000 r/min離心15 min,分離血清,-80℃冰箱保存,選用南京建成生物工程研究所試劑盒,按照試劑盒說明書規(guī)范操作檢測(cè)血清LDH和CK。
1.2.2心肌組織Th1、Th2型炎癥反應(yīng)因子表達(dá)再灌4 h后,取各組結(jié)扎線水平以下的心肌,剪除右心室,錫紙包被后-80℃冰箱凍存。制備心肌組織勻漿,選用南京建成生物工程研究所試劑盒,采用ELISA法按照試劑盒說明書規(guī)范操作,檢測(cè)心肌組織中Th1型炎癥反應(yīng)因子(TNF-α、INF-γ和IL-6)和型炎癥反應(yīng)Th2因子(IL-4、IL-5和IL-13)。結(jié)果(pg/mL)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線法算出。
1.2.3心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3、beclin-1表達(dá)采用Western blot法檢測(cè)。取材方法同1.2.2,檢測(cè)方法參照文獻(xiàn)[9],根據(jù)分子質(zhì)量配制12%PAGE膠,電泳后轉(zhuǎn)膜,用5%的脫脂奶粉封閉,4℃孵育一抗過夜,用LC3、beclin-1對(duì)應(yīng)的HRP標(biāo)記的二抗孵育后,ECL顯色。以β-actin為內(nèi)參計(jì)算上述蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。數(shù)據(jù)以珋x±s表示。組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,多組間兩兩比較采用Tukey檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1血清LDH和CK各組血清LDH和CK水平見表1。由表1可見,與假手術(shù)組比較,模型組血清LDH和CK明顯升高(P均<0.05) ; IL-33組血清CK明顯增高(P<0.05),LDH差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與模型組比,IL-33組血清LDH和CK明顯降低(P均<0.05),anti-ST2組血清LDH和CK有增高趨勢(shì),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.2心肌組織Th1、Th2型炎癥因子表達(dá)各組鼠心肌組織Th1型炎癥因子TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-6和Th2型炎癥因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13見表2。由表2可見,與假手術(shù)組比較,模型組和IL-33組心肌組織TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-6水平明顯升高(P均<0.05) ;與模型組比較,IL-33組心肌組織上述三種炎癥因子水平明顯降低(P均<0.05),anti-ST2組心肌組織上述三種炎癥因子表達(dá)有增高趨勢(shì),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與假手術(shù)組比較,模型組心肌組織IL-4、IL-5 和IL-13水平均降低(P均<0.05) ;與模型組比較,IL-33組心肌組織IL-4、IL-5和IL-13水平均升高(P均<0.05),anti-ST2組心肌組織IL-4、IL-5和IL-13水平與模型組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表1 各組血清LDH和CK水平比較(±s)
注:與假手術(shù)組比較,*P<0.05;與模型組比較,#P<0.05;與IL-33組比較,ΔP<0.05。
組別 n LDH(U/L) CK(U/L)假手術(shù)組10 857.988±91.148 1 587.000±179.836模型組 10 1 738.856±88.600* 4 194.760±206.029*IL-33組 6 991.716±11.655# 2 704.333±297.295* #anti-ST2組 6 1 809.073±48.105Δ 4 387.657±200.291Δ
表2 各組心肌組織Th1、Th2型炎癥因子水平比較(pg/mL,±s)
注:與假手術(shù)組比較,*P<0.05;與模型組比較,#P<0.05;與IL-33組比較,ΔP<0.05。
組別 n Th1 Th2型炎癥因子IL-4 IL-5 IL-13假手術(shù)組 10 110.107±5.290 276.269±9.502 72.455±7.930 945.370±59.134 723.139±88.099 965.473±27型炎癥因子TNF-α INF-γIL-6 3.834模型組 10 188.820±8.145* 438.230±8.343* 162.119±10.110* 247.720±37.803* 201.609±17.225*165.449±12.407*IL-33組 6 134.636±5.934# 328.496±9.549# 94.527±5.913# 476.320±26.295* #387.003±17.718* #312.966±53.514* #anti-ST2組 6 205.430±5.585Δ 453.681±8.851Δ 167.921±11.461Δ 315.277±31.615Δ 252.973±17.306Δ 179.636±27.056Δ
2.3心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3、beclin-1表達(dá)各組心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3、beclin-1水平見表3。由表3可見,與假手術(shù)組比較,模型組心肌組織中LC3和beclin-1水平明顯升高(P均<0.05),IL-33組心肌組織中LC3和beclin-1水平明顯降低(P均<0.05)。與模型組比較,IL-33組心肌組織中LC3、beclin-1水平明顯降低(P均<0.05),anti-ST2組心肌組織中LC3、beclin-1水平與模型組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表3 各組心肌組織自噬蛋白LC3、beclin-1表達(dá)比較(相對(duì)表達(dá)量,±s)
注:與假手術(shù)組比較,*P<0.05;與模型組比較,#P<0.05;與IL-33組比較,ΔP<0.05。
組別 n LC3/β-actin beclin-1/β-actin假手術(shù)組10 0.319±0.071 0.287±0.043模型組 10 0.409±0.075* 0.424±0.063*IL-33組 6 0.178±0.048* # 0.160±0.021* #anti-ST2組 6 0.545±0.096*Δ 0.496±0.071*Δ
研究證實(shí),IL-33可誘導(dǎo)幼稚T細(xì)胞分化為Th2型細(xì)胞,并可作為Th2細(xì)胞的趨化因子促進(jìn)Th2細(xì)胞聚集;還可直接作用于Th2細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)Th2型炎癥因子的分泌[7~9]。Li等[5]報(bào)道,IL-33可通過抑制Th1型炎癥反應(yīng)(降低INF-γ)、誘導(dǎo)Th2型炎癥反應(yīng)(升高IL-4、IL-5和IL-13)抑制肝臟I/R。Yin等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-33可通過誘導(dǎo)Th2型炎癥反應(yīng)明顯延長小鼠心臟移植后心臟的存活時(shí)間。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在心臟I/R過程中,IL-33可通過抑制Th1炎癥反應(yīng)(降低TNF-α、INF-γ和IL-6),誘導(dǎo)Th2炎癥反應(yīng)(升高IL-4、IL-5和IL-13)達(dá)到降低血清LDH和CK水平、保護(hù)心肌的目的。這與前期的研究一致。近期有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,IL-33可促進(jìn)Th1型免疫反應(yīng);亦可影響CD+8型抗病毒T細(xì)胞的發(fā)育[11]。但本研究中未發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-33可升高Th1相關(guān)炎癥因子水平,提示IL-33可能僅在抗腫瘤和抗慢性病毒性疾病時(shí)激活Th1型免疫反應(yīng)[11],而在心肌I/R中不能激活Th1型免疫反應(yīng)。
近期大量的研究表明,細(xì)胞自噬在心肌I/R中起著非常重要的作用[6,12,13]。心肌I/R導(dǎo)致的ATP耗竭、氧化應(yīng)激、內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激和蛋白降解均可導(dǎo)致心肌細(xì)胞自噬。但自噬對(duì)心肌I/R的利與弊取決于具體環(huán)境,適度激活自噬對(duì)心肌細(xì)胞有保護(hù)作用,但過度激活自噬會(huì)造成細(xì)胞死亡[12]。目前普遍認(rèn)為,在缺血階段適度激活自噬可處理受損蛋白質(zhì),是一種細(xì)胞自我保護(hù);在再灌注階段自噬過度激活可加重心肌I/R損傷[12,13]。Matsui等[14,15]的研究表明,心肌I/R階段自噬過度激活,表現(xiàn)為beclin-1表達(dá)升高,Bcl-2表達(dá)顯著下調(diào),可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡。本研究模型組心肌組織LC3、beclin-1水平明顯高于假手術(shù)組,提示I/R損傷可導(dǎo)致心肌細(xì)胞過度自噬; IL-33組心肌組織LC3、beclin-1水平明顯低于模型組,提示IL-33可通過抑制I/R引起的心肌細(xì)胞過度自噬,保護(hù)心肌。ST2為IL-33特異性受體,anti-ST2可特異性阻斷內(nèi)源性IL-33的作用。本研究結(jié)果顯示,anti-ST2組和模型組大鼠血清及心肌組織各指標(biāo)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這可能是內(nèi)源性IL-33含量低所致。心肌中IL-33由血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞及心肌成纖維細(xì)胞分泌,含量極低;同時(shí)在心肌I/R過程中心肌細(xì)胞損傷以凋亡為主,而完整的IL-33在細(xì)胞凋亡時(shí),會(huì)被活化的Caspase-3剪切為無活性的片段,進(jìn)一步降低IL-33水平,而極低的IL-33表達(dá)水平,不足以表現(xiàn)出心肌保護(hù)作用。
關(guān)于IL-33的具體作用機(jī)制,目前認(rèn)為可能與Bcl-2和活性氧(ROS)有關(guān)。研究證實(shí),饑餓刺激時(shí),Bcl-2可調(diào)節(jié)beclin-1介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞自噬[16],ROS也參與調(diào)節(jié)beclin-1的表達(dá),且抗氧化劑可以明顯減少beclin-1的表達(dá)[17]。此外,ROS還可通過抑制自噬相關(guān)基因4(Atg4)的活性,促進(jìn)LC3脂質(zhì)化和激發(fā)自噬[18]。IL-33可促進(jìn)Bcl-2表達(dá)[19],減少ROS生成[20],而二者進(jìn)一步調(diào)節(jié)再灌注階段LC3、beclin-1的表達(dá)。beclin-1是心肌缺血后再灌注階段調(diào)節(jié)自噬最重要的蛋白[14,15]。再灌注階段beclin-1高表達(dá)可過度激活自噬,造成細(xì)胞損傷;而通過siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染抑制beclin-1的表達(dá)可抑制過度自噬保護(hù)心?。?1,22]。故我們推測(cè)IL-33可通過調(diào)控Bcl-2 和ROS的表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)LC3和beclin-1表達(dá),抑制過度自噬,保護(hù)I/R心肌。但其具體機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Ma S,Wang YB,Chen YD,et al.The role of the autophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1852(2) : 271-276.
[2]Chen-Scarabelli C,Agrawal PR,Saravolatz L,et al.The role and modulation of autophagy in experimental models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury[J].J Geriatr Cardiol,2014,11(4) : 338-348.
[3]Hu X,F(xiàn)u W,Jiang H.HMGB1: A potential therapeutic target for myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury[J].Int J Cardiol,2012,155(3) : 489-489.
[4]Xiong J,Xue FS,Yuan YJ,et al.Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a possible approach to protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury[J].Chin Med J,2010,123 (19) : 2720-2726.
[5]Li S,Zhu FX,Zhang HB,et al.Pretreatment with interleukin-33 reduces warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice[J].Chin J Med,2013,126 (10) : 1855-1859.
[6]Wu J,Carlock C,Zhou C,et al.IL-33 Is Required for Disposal of Unnecessary Cells during Ovarian Atresia through Regulation of Autophagy and Macrophage Migration[J].J Immunol,2015,194 (5) : 2140-2147.
[7]Rank MA,Kobayashi T,Kozaki H,et al.IL-33-activated dendritic cells induce an atypical TH2-type response[J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2009,123(5) : 1047-1054.
[8]Kurowska-Stolarska M,Kewin P,Murphy G,et al.IL-33 induces antigen-specific IL-5 T cells and promotes allergic-induced airway inflammation independent of IL-4[J].J Immunol,2008,181 (7) : 4780-4790.
[9]Komai-Koma M,Xu D,Li Y,et al.IL-33 is a chemoattractant for human Th2 cells[J].Eur J Immunol,2007,37(7) : 2779-2786.
[10]Yin H,Li XY,Jin XB,et al.IL-33 Prolongs Murine Cardiac Allograft Survival Through Induction of TH2-Type Immune Deviation [J].Transplantation,2010,89(10) : 1189-1197.
[11]Daniel OV,David BW.Interleukin 33: a switch-hitting cytokine [J].Curr Opin Immunol,2014,28(4) : 102-106.
[12]Sciarretta S,Hariharan N,Monden Y,et al.Is autophagy in response to ischemia and reperfusion protective or detrimental for the heart?[J].Pediatr Cardiol,2011,32(3) : 275-281.
[13]Przyklenk P,Undyala VVR,Wider J,et al.Acute induction of autophagy as a novel strategy for cardioprotection[J].Autophagy,2011,7(4) : 432-433.
[14]Matsui Y,Takagi H,Qu X,et al.Distinct roles of autophagy in the heart during ischemia and reperfusion: roles of AMP-activated protein kinase and beclin 1 in mediating autophagy[J].Circ Res,2007,100(6) : 914-922.
[15]Matsui Y,Kyoi S,Takagi H,et al.Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of autophagy during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion[J].Autophagy,2008,4(4) : 409-415.
[16]Brady NR,Hamacher-Brady A,Yuan H,et al.The autophagic response to nutrient deprivation in the hl-1 cardiac myocyte is modulated by Bcl-2 and sarco/endoplasmmic reticulum calcium stores [J].FEBS J,2007,274(12) : 3184-3197.
[17]Hariharan N,Zhai P,Sadoshima J.Oxidative stress stimulates autophagic flux during ischemia/reperfusion[J].Antioxid Redox Signal.2011,14(11) : 2179-2190.
[18]Scherz-Shouval R,Shvets E,F(xiàn)ass E,et al.Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4[J].EMBO J,2007,26(7) : 1749-1760
[19]Seki K,Sanada S,Kudinova AY,et al.Interleukin-33 prevents apoptosis and improves survival after experimental myocardial infarction through ST2 signaling[J].Circ Heart Failure,2009,2 (6) : 684-691.
[20]李冠臻,張新超.白介素33對(duì)乳鼠心肌細(xì)胞乏氧/復(fù)氧損傷時(shí)胞內(nèi)活性氧自由基生成的影響[J].中國心血管雜志,2014,19 (2) : 139-143.
[21]Hamacher-Brady A,Brady NR,Gottlieb RA.Enhancing macroautophagy protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes[J].J Biol Chem,2006,281(40) : 29776-29787.
[22]Xie H,Liu Q,Qiao S,et al.Delayed cardioprotection by sevoflurane precondition: a novle mechanism via inhibitying Beclin-1-mediated autophagic cell death in cardiac myocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury[J].Int J Clin Exp pathol,2015,8(1) : 217-226.
Effect of interleukin 33 on inflammation response and autophagy in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
MA Rui-song1,LI Yuan-hong,JIANG Hong,HU Xiao-rong,LI Xue-fei
(1 Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of interleukin 33 (IL-33) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanism.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (n=10),I/R group (model group,n=10),IL-33 group (n=6) and anti-ST2 group (n=6).In addition to the control group,the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method was adopted to establish the myocardial I/R injury model in the other groups (the sham operation group only received anesthesia,open-chest and threading,but not ligation).Rats in the IL-33+ I/R group and anti-ST2+ I/R group were separately injected to the caudal vein with 10 μg IL-33 and 0.2 mL anti-ST2 (1 mg/mL) 30 min before modeling.After reperfusion for 4 h,we obtained the serum or myocardial tissues to detect the following indicators of each group: (1) the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) level: using spectrophotometry,(2) Th1 inflammation factors in the myocardial tissues (TNF-α,INF-γ and IL-6) and Th2 inflammatory cytokines (IL-4,IL-5 and IL-3) : using the ELISA,(3) the relative expression of autophagy protein LC3 and beclin 1 in the myocardial tissues: using Western blotting.Results(1) LDH and CK level: the model group was significantly higher than the control group,IL-33 group was significantly lower than the model group (P<0.05),and no statistical difference was found between the anti-ST2 group and the model group.(2) the inflammation factor expression in thebook=2,ebook=464myocardial tissues: Th1 type inflammation factor expression: the model group and IL-33 group were significantly higher than the control group,IL-33 was significantly lower than the model group (all P<0.05),and no difference was found between the anti-ST2 group and the model group.Th2 type inflammation factor expression: the model group was significantly lower than the control group,IL-33 group was significantly higher than the model group,and no statistical difference was found between the anti-ST2 group and the model group.(3) The relative expression of autophagy protein LC3 and beclin-1 in the myocardial tissues: the model group was significantly higher,IL-33 group was significantly lower than the control group,IL-33 was significantly lower than the model group (all P<0.05),no significant difference was found between the anti-ST2 group and the model group.Statistically significant differences were found in all indexes between the IL-33 and anti-ST2 group.Conclusion IL-33 may attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting the excessive autophagy,weakening Th1 inflammatory response and enhancing Th2 inflammatory response.
Key words:Myocardium; ischemia-reperfusion injury; interleukin 33; autophagy; inflammatory factor
(收稿日期:2015-03-11)
通信作者簡介:李元紅(1956-)男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,教授,研究方向?yàn)樾碾娚砗凸谛牟?。E-mail: lyholol@ vip.163.com
作者簡介:第一馬瑞松(1988-),碩士在讀,研究方向?yàn)楣谛牟?。E-mail: maruisong@ outlook.com
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81370308)。
文章編號(hào):1002-266X(2015)22-0001-04
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
中圖分類號(hào):R543.1
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.22.001