曾國慶(上海市徐匯區(qū)徐家匯街道社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心 上海 200030)
某社區(qū)高血壓合并焦慮心理干預(yù)效果評價
曾國慶
(上海市徐匯區(qū)徐家匯街道社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心 上海 200030)
摘 要目的:評價在藥物基礎(chǔ)上采用社區(qū)心理干預(yù)治療高血壓合并焦慮的效果。方法:將106例高血壓合并焦慮情緒患者隨機(jī)分入心理干預(yù)組和對照組,每組53例。對照組予苯磺酸氨氯地平片5 mg 1次/d,心理干預(yù)組予苯磺酸氨氯地平片5 mg 1次/d和心理干預(yù),兩組療程均為6周。采用t檢驗比較治療前后及兩組間的焦慮自評量表評分和血壓。采用卡方檢驗比較兩組間的有效率。 結(jié)果:心理干預(yù)組治療前后SAS評分比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(55.68±8.41比42.76±6.35,P<0.05)。治療后心理干預(yù)組SAS評分顯著低于對照組(54.39±9.13),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后心理干預(yù)組收縮壓和舒張壓[分別為(131.45±12.15) mmHg和(80.67±6.18)mmHg]均顯著低于對照組[分別為(138.32±10.15)mmHg和(88.23±5.56)mmHg],兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P <0.05和0.01)心理干預(yù)組有效降壓率為84.91%,對照組為64.15%,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:心理干預(yù)在社區(qū)能提高合并焦慮高血壓患者的降壓效果。
關(guān)鍵詞高血壓 焦慮 心理干預(yù) 效果
Evaluation of the psychological intervention effect on hypertension complicated with anxiety in a community
ZENG Guoqing
(Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China)
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effect of the community psychological intervention in the treatment of hypertension complicated with anxiety based on the medicine. Methods: One hundred and six patients with hypertension complicated with anxiety were randomly divided into a psychological intervention group and a control one with 53 cases each. The control group was given benzene sulfonic acid amlodipine 5 mg, once a day and the psychological intervention group benzene sulfonic acid amlodipine 5 mg, once a day and the psychological intervention. The treatment course for two groups was 6 weeks. T test was used to compare the anxiety self rating scale score and blood pressure between two groups before and after the treatment. Chi square test was used to compare the efficiency between two groups. Results: The difference of SAS score compared before and after the treatment in the intervention group had the statistical significance (55.68±8.41 to 42.76±6.35, P< 0.05), After the treatment, the SAS score in the psychological intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (54.39±9.13), and the difference had the statistical significance (P<0.05). After the treatment, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the psychological intervention group were (131.45 + 12.15) mmHg and (80.67 + 6.18) mmHg respectively which were significantly lower than those in the control group (138.32±10.15)mmHg and(88.23±5.56)mmHg. The difference compared between two groups had the statistical significance (P<0.05 and 0.01). The effective depressurization rate was 84.91% in the psychological intervention group and 64.15% in the control group, and there was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The psychological intervention can improve the antihypertensive effect of hypertension complicated with anxiety in the community.
KEY WORDShypertension; anxiety; psychological intervention; effect
高血壓及其并發(fā)的心血管疾病居我國疾病死亡因素的第二位,給社會造成巨大的醫(yī)療負(fù)擔(dān)。多項研究資料表明焦慮與高血壓的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),焦慮不僅降低了患者的生活質(zhì)量,而且是引起高血壓的獨立危險因素[1-3],
嚴(yán)重影響降壓藥物的療效和高血壓的轉(zhuǎn)歸、預(yù)后[4-5]。同時,高血壓也易使焦慮加重,國外資料表明,25%~54%的高血壓患者伴有焦慮癥狀[6]。杜勤等[7]的研究表明,高血壓伴焦慮癥狀患者達(dá)31%。本研究調(diào)查心理干預(yù)對高血壓合并焦慮治療的作用,以期提高高血壓合并焦慮的療效。
1.1 一般資料
采用焦慮自評量表(self-rating anxiety scale ,SAS)[8]對2014年3月至2014年12月在某社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心全科門診就診的高血壓1~2級患者進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,量表共包含20項問題,每個問題有4個選項,分別為“偶爾”、“很少”、“經(jīng)?!?、“總是”,依次對應(yīng)0、1、2、3分。20項問題分?jǐn)?shù)之和為總粗分,然后按照公式換算成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分=總粗分×1.25,取整)。SAS總粗分超過40分(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分50分)為焦慮。按納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共選擇106例患者,分成心理干預(yù)組和對照組,每組各53例,兩組性別、年齡、血壓、SAS評分比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P﹥0.05)。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1周內(nèi)非同日舒張壓(diastolic blood pressures ,DBP)均值為90~109 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),且收縮壓(systolic blood pressures ,SBP)均值﹤180 mmHg,年齡60~78歲,患者知情同意,且自愿接受心理咨詢師心理測評及心理干預(yù)。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):繼發(fā)性高血壓、半年內(nèi)發(fā)生過腦卒中及心肌梗死、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能障礙、心肺功能不全、惡性腫瘤、精神病史、意識障礙、文盲、嚴(yán)重?zé)熅剖群谩⒎每菇箲]藥物等患者及SAS總粗分小于40分(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分50分)患者。
1.2 方法
對照組給予苯磺酸氨氯地平片口服,5 mg,1次/d;心理干預(yù)組在的對照基礎(chǔ)上給予心理干預(yù),6周后復(fù)測血壓及SAS評分。由1名取得國家二級心理咨詢師證書的心理咨詢師對患者進(jìn)行每周2次的心理疏導(dǎo)、認(rèn)知行為療法干預(yù)(包括心理支持、認(rèn)知教育、生活習(xí)慣干預(yù)、控制體重及放松訓(xùn)練等),共計12次,每次45 min。
1.3 療效評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
按1998年衛(wèi)生部制定的血管系統(tǒng)《藥物臨床研究指導(dǎo)原則》評定,顯效指DBP下降≥10 mmHg并降至正常范圍,或雖未降至正常,但降低20 mmHg以上;有效指DBP下降﹤10 mmHg,但已降到正常范圍,或下降10~19 mmHg;無效指未達(dá)到上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 15.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計處理,計量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,組間比較行t檢驗,計數(shù)資料有百分率表示,組間比較行卡方檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 治療前后SAS評分比較
心理干預(yù)組治療前SAS評分為(55.68±8.41)分,治療后為(42.76±6.35)分,治療前后SAS評分差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P﹤0.05);對照組治療前SAS評分為(56.35±9.48)分,治療后為(54.39±9.13)分,治療前后SAS評分差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P﹥0.05)。治療后心理干預(yù)組SAS評分顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P﹤0.05)。
2.2 治療前后血壓變化
心理干預(yù)組治療后SBP為(131.45±12.15) mmHg,對照組為(138.32±10.15)mmHg,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P﹤0.05)。心理干預(yù)組治療后DBP為(80.67±6.18)mmHg,對照組為(88.23±5.56)mmHg,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P ﹤0.01)。
2.3 治療有效率比較
心理干預(yù)組顯效27例、有效18例、無效8例,有效率為84.91%;對照組分別為12例、22例、19例,有效率為64.15%。兩組有效率比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P ﹤0.05)。
高血壓與心理因素密切相關(guān),焦慮患者由于精神緊張、情緒波動大、各種升壓神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)增多等,使降壓治療效果下降[9]。焦慮等心理因素也可使交感神經(jīng)興奮,使血管中兒茶酚胺等血管活性物質(zhì)增加,引起心跳加快,血壓升高[10]。有研究顯示,合并焦慮的高血壓患者,單
用降高血壓藥療效不明顯,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用降壓藥與抗焦慮藥后,療效有所提高,主張在應(yīng)用降壓藥物治療的同時,配合綜合性心理干預(yù)治療,會有更好效果。目前許多臨床醫(yī)生未重視焦慮的存在,同時對心理因素與高血壓發(fā)生、發(fā)展的密切關(guān)系認(rèn)識不夠[11]。另外,患者也有可能不知道存在焦慮或不接受醫(yī)生的心理治療。本研究對伴有焦慮的高血壓患者采用藥物與心理治療相結(jié)合,取得良好效果,提示對于高血壓患者,應(yīng)采用個體化治療,對伴焦慮者輔以心理治療能獲得更好療效。
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收稿日期:(2015-01-09)
文章編號:1006-1533(2015)06-0060-03
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
中圖分類號:R544.1/R395.2