胡 劍,任 魁,艾清秀,王湘玉
經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)前列腺體積結(jié)合PSA檢測(cè)對(duì)于前列腺癌診斷的意義
胡 劍1,任 魁1,艾清秀1,王湘玉2*
(1.武漢大學(xué)恩施臨床學(xué)院·恩施州中心醫(yī)院超聲診斷中心,湖北恩施445000;2.恩施州婦幼保健計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)中心)
目的探討經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)前列腺體積結(jié)合前列腺特異性抗原檢測(cè)對(duì)于前列腺癌的診斷價(jià)值。方法 回顧性分析我院2011年1月-2013年12月間收治的52例前列腺疾病患者的臨床資料,入院后均給予經(jīng)直腸超聲檢查,后經(jīng)過(guò)前列腺穿刺活檢或術(shù)后病理證實(shí),其中有21例確診為前列腺癌設(shè)為PCa組,中重度前列腺增生31例設(shè)為BPH組,比較兩組經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)的聲像特點(diǎn)及其PSA水平。結(jié)果 PCa組患者前列腺體積相比于BPH患者明顯減小,t=3.901,P<0.05,其異常血流信號(hào)發(fā)生率明顯升高,χ2=15.511,P<0.05,PCa組患者的PSA值相比于BPH組患者顯著升高,t=18.470,其>10ng/ml區(qū)段的分布率顯著高于對(duì)照組,χ2=23.862,P<0.05,<4ng/ml的分布率顯著低于對(duì)照組,χ2=26.870,P<0.05。結(jié)論 較小的前列腺體積以及異常的血流信號(hào)是前列腺癌直腸超聲的檢測(cè)特點(diǎn),PSA是前列腺癌的敏感性檢測(cè)指標(biāo),二者聯(lián)合應(yīng)用于前列腺癌的診斷具有極高的臨床價(jià)值。
經(jīng)直腸超聲;前列腺體積;PSA;前列腺癌
(Chin J Lab Diagn,2015,19:1655)
前列腺癌在男性惡性腫瘤性疾病中的發(fā)病率很高,也是臨床上導(dǎo)致男性死亡的重要原因,早期診斷十分重要[1],但是前列腺癌在早期時(shí)往往沒(méi)有典型的臨床癥狀,很難與前列腺增生作出鑒別,本院對(duì)收治的52例前列腺疾病患者進(jìn)行回顧性分析,探討經(jīng)直腸超聲聯(lián)合前列腺特異性抗原檢測(cè)對(duì)于前列腺癌診斷的臨床意義。
1.1 臨床資料
回顧性分析我院2011年1月-2013年12月間收治的52例前列腺疾病患者的臨床資料,其中經(jīng)過(guò)前列腺穿刺或手術(shù)病理診斷為前列腺癌患者21例,前列腺增生患者31例,分別設(shè)置為PCa組以及BPH組,其中PCa組年齡51-77歲,平均年齡(68.4 ±7.8)歲;中重度前列腺增生患者31例中年齡54-79歲,平均年齡(69.2±7.5)歲,兩組在入院后均接受了經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)以及PSA檢測(cè),后予以行超聲引導(dǎo)下前列腺穿刺活檢術(shù)。
1.2 方法
采集清晨的空腹靜脈血2ml,分離血清,嚴(yán)格遵照操作說(shuō)明使用PSA試劑盒,采用化學(xué)發(fā)光標(biāo)記免疫分析方法檢測(cè)PSA,超聲檢測(cè)診斷儀器型號(hào)為Philip-IU-22,GE E6,探頭頻率7.5-10MHz,通過(guò)彩超顯像以及多普勒血流成像技術(shù)觀察前列腺的大小,形態(tài)及其內(nèi)的回聲血流情況,測(cè)量前列腺前后、左右、上下徑,計(jì)算前列腺體積,計(jì)算公式[2]:(前后徑*上下徑*左右徑)*π/6,比較前列腺良惡性組患者的超聲圖像特征并比較PSA的檢測(cè)結(jié)果。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
結(jié)果應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件予以統(tǒng)計(jì)。計(jì)量資料以(x—±s)的形式表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用相對(duì)數(shù)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)設(shè)置為0.05,P<0.05時(shí)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)的聲像特點(diǎn)分析
PCa組患者的前列腺體積相對(duì)于BPH患者明顯縮小,t=3.901,P<0.05,異常血流信號(hào)的發(fā)生率明顯上升,χ2=15.511,P<0.05,而兩組間的異常回聲結(jié)節(jié)發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯差異,P>0.05,見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組患者經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)的聲像特點(diǎn)分析
2.2 兩組患者PSA比較
PCa組患者的PSA值相比于BPH組患者顯著升高,t=18.470,其>10ng/ml區(qū)段的分布率顯著高于對(duì)照組,χ2=23.862,P<0.05,<4ng/ml的分布率顯著低于對(duì)照組,χ2=26.870,P<0.05,見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組患者的PSA檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較(n,%)
經(jīng)直腸彩超檢測(cè)可以對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行更加清晰的顯示,減少偽像的形成,而經(jīng)過(guò)腹部彩超檢測(cè)可以明確前列腺結(jié)構(gòu)及其中的病灶位置和形態(tài),同時(shí)還可以清晰顯示血流信號(hào)[3,4],泌尿外科醫(yī)師可以根據(jù)超聲圖像對(duì)前列腺的情況予以很好的把握,并在超聲的引導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行前列腺穿刺活檢,提高前列腺癌的診斷率。
通過(guò)我們的研究看出,在前列腺癌患者中,PSA>10ng/ml區(qū)段的分布率顯著高于對(duì)照組,<4 ng/ml的分布率顯著低于對(duì)照組,PSA是一種單鏈蛋白,其是由前列腺泡以及導(dǎo)管上皮細(xì)胞所產(chǎn)生以及分泌的,屬于絲氨酸蛋白酶,在前列腺癌的患者中,腫瘤細(xì)胞異常增殖破壞了正常的細(xì)胞屏障,使得血清中的PSA濃度急劇升高[5],目前PSA是前列腺癌的重要檢測(cè)標(biāo)志物,PSA高水平患者前列腺癌的檢出率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于PSA低水平者[6],這與我們的研究結(jié)果是相一致的。
通過(guò)本研究的結(jié)果顯示,前列腺癌患者的體積為(43.8±19.2)cm3,顯著小于前列腺增生患者的(64.5±26.9)cm3,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,有研究指出,前列腺體積的大小是前列腺穿刺活檢過(guò)程中常常需要檢測(cè)的一個(gè)指標(biāo),其與前列腺癌的診斷率有一定的關(guān)系[7],Andriole等通過(guò)研究指出[8],在一定的范圍內(nèi)前列腺增生患者的PSA會(huì)出現(xiàn)波動(dòng),但是經(jīng)過(guò)前列腺體積的校正之后就仍異常升高,則要可疑前列腺癌。因此PSAD的升高可以作為前列腺癌診斷的特異性指標(biāo)。既往有研究指出,小體積的前列腺診斷出前列腺癌的概率更高,這即是由于PSAD在經(jīng)過(guò)體積的校正之后,PSAD升高的緣故,所以PSAD可以為前列腺穿刺活檢提供一個(gè)十分可靠的依據(jù),而對(duì)于PSAD的診斷臨界值是現(xiàn)在臨床上討論的一個(gè)話題[9]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)所接受的PSAD臨界診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為0.15ng/ml2,其敏感度可達(dá)47%,特異度達(dá)到了90%,極高的特異度可以作為一種較好的排除診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),減少不必要的穿刺所帶來(lái)的痛苦[10]。
此外,國(guó)外的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)前列腺的大小與腫瘤的惡性程度有關(guān),一項(xiàng)多中心臨床數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究認(rèn)為[11],小體積的前列腺中出現(xiàn)的腫瘤往往有著較高的Gleason評(píng)分、高分期,其細(xì)胞生物學(xué)往往表現(xiàn)出較高的惡性程度,即腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)能力強(qiáng),侵襲力強(qiáng),使得腫瘤組織的比重上升,而前列腺體積較大的患者則很少見(jiàn)到這些情況。
所以通過(guò)本次研究我們認(rèn)為,在對(duì)前列腺癌進(jìn)行診斷時(shí)采用經(jīng)直腸超聲檢測(cè)前列腺體積聯(lián)合PSA檢測(cè)可以有效提高前列腺癌診斷的敏感性以及特異性,可以更好地鑒別前列腺癌以及前列腺增生。
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The clinical value of using prostate volume detecting via transrectal ultrasound combine PSA level in the diagnosis for pros-tate cancer
HU Jian,REN Kui,AI Qing-xiu,et al.
(Ultrasonic Diagnosis Center of Enshi Central Hospital,Enshi 445000,China)
ObjectiveStudy the clinical value of using prostate volume detecting via transrectal ultrasound combine PSA level in the diagnosis for prostate cancer.Methods Made a retrospective analysis for clinical data of 52patients with prostate disease in our hospital from January 2011-December 2013,after hospital all of them received transrectal ultrasound detection,after the prostate biopsy or postoperative pathology,of which 21patients was diagnosed with prostate cancer and set as PCa group,31patients was diagnosed with moderately of severe hyperplasia and set as BPH group,compared acoustic image characteristics by transrectal ultrasound detection and the PSA level in two groups.Results The prostate volume of PCa patients is lower than patients with BPH,t=3.901,P<0.05,the incidence rate of abnormal blood flow signal was significantly higher than that of BPH group,χ2=15.511,P<0.05,PSA level of PCa group was significant higher than patients in BPH group,t=18.470,interval distribution rate of>10is significantly higher than in the control group,χ2=23.862,P<0.05,interval distribution rate of<4ng/ml was significantly lower than the control group,χ2=26.870,P<0.05).Conclusion Smaller volume of the prostate and abnormal blood flow signals of transrectal ultrasound features of prostate cancer,PSA is the sensitivity detection index of prostate cancer,making a combination of them rise the diagnosis rate of prostate cancer.
transrectal ultrasound;Prostate volume;PSA;Prostate cancer
R737.25
A
2014-06-19)
1007-4287(2015)10-1655-03
*通訊作者