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“建議”表達(dá)法全搜索

2015-05-07 13:11劉鵬
關(guān)鍵詞:表達(dá)法原形答語

劉鵬

請(qǐng)先看以下三道考查 “建議”的表達(dá)法的中考題:

1. —How about going to the Disneyland together?

— (廣州市)

A. Enjoy yourself!

B. Good luck!

C. Whats up?

D. Sounds like a good idea!

2. —What about a rest?

—OK, Lets go out and have a walk. (長沙市)

A. to take B. takes

C. taking

3. Since you are tired,youd better and have a good rest. (四川省廣元市)

A. stop to study B. stop study

C. stop studying

分析:上面的三道中考題均是在考查同學(xué)們是否掌握了“建議”的表達(dá)法。正確答案分別為:1. D;2. C;3. C。

英語中,“建議”的表達(dá)法大致有兩類情況:一類是用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)“建議”;另一類是用特定句型表達(dá)“建議”。下面我們一起來回顧一下它們的具體用法:

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)“建議”

用來表達(dá)“建議”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:should、ought to、had better、must、have (has) to等。

1. should表示責(zé)任、建議或勸告,意為“應(yīng)該”,表明某事是必須做的,后接動(dòng)詞原形,否定形式是should not do sth.。

例如:

a. You should wash your hands before each meal. (飯前你應(yīng)當(dāng)洗手。)

b. We should not talk in class. (我們不應(yīng)該在課堂上講話。)

2. ought to后接動(dòng)詞原形,表示義務(wù)、勸告、建議或推測,意為“應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該”,用法同should,但語氣比should強(qiáng)一些。其否定形式是ought not to do sth.,意為“不應(yīng)該”。其疑問句將ought提前。

例如:

a. He ought to have a rest. (他應(yīng)該休息一會(huì)兒。)

b. Ought he to have a rest? (他應(yīng)該休息一會(huì)兒嗎?)

c. You ought not / oughtnt to watch TV too much. (你不應(yīng)該看太多電視。)

友情提示:should、ought to表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí),兩者可互換使用。

3. had better表示“最好……”,后接動(dòng)詞原形,其中的had并非指過去,而是指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,通用于各種人稱,在人稱代詞后常縮略為“... d”。had better的否定式是had better not,而不是hadnt better;疑問式是將had提前,而不用助動(dòng)詞did;had better的反意疑問句的反意部分用had,不用did或would。

例如:

a. Youd better leave here at once, or Ill ask for the police. (你最好立刻離開這兒,否則我要叫警察了。)

b. Its getting late. Wed better go home by bus. (很晚了,我們最好乘公交車回家。)

c. Youd better not watch TV every day. (你最好不要每天看電視。)

d. Had he better finish the work? (他最好完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?)

e. Youd better take a raincoat,hadnt you? (你最好帶上雨衣,好不好?)

4. must和have (has) to都表示“必須”,通??苫Q使用。但是must表示說話人的主觀看法,認(rèn)為有必要、有義務(wù)做某事?;卮鹩蒻ust提問的一般疑問句,肯定回答仍用must,否定回答常用neednt或dont have to,表示較為委婉的語氣,意為“不必、不需要”;have(has) to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)由于外界客觀因素的影響需要那樣做。另外,must表示推測意為“一定、必定”,其可能性很大,只用于肯定句中,否定句常用cant,表示“不可能”。

例如:

a. We must learn English well. (我們必須學(xué)好英語。)

b. He has to stop smoking. (他必須戒煙。)

c. —Must I finish my homework now? (我必須現(xiàn)在完成作業(yè)嗎?)

—Yes, you must. / No, you neednt / dont have to. (是的,你必須。/ 不,你不必。)

d. This dictionary cant be Toms. It has Anns name on it. (這本詞典不可能是湯姆的,它上面有安的名字。)

e. The boy under the big tree must be Jims brother. (大樹下的那個(gè)男孩一定是吉姆的哥哥。)

二、特定句型表“建議”endprint

用來表示“建議”的特定句型有:“Shall we ...?”、“Why dont you do ...?”、“Why not do ...?”、“What / How about ...?”、“Lets do ...”、“Would you like ...?”等。

1. “Shall I / we ...?”表示“我(們)要不要……?;我(們)……好嗎?”?;卮稹癝hall I / we ...?”句型時(shí),若同意用“Good idea!”,“All right!”或“OK.”等;若不同意則說“No, lets ...”或“Sorry.”等。

例如:

a. Shall we go to the zoo to see the animals? (我們?nèi)?dòng)物園看動(dòng)物好嗎?)

b. Shall I cook English food for you? (我給你做英國飯菜如何?)

c. —Shall we climb that hill? (我們爬那座小山怎么樣?)

—Good idea!(好主意。)

d. —Shall we fly kites now? (咱們現(xiàn)在放風(fēng)箏怎么樣?)

—Sorry!Im too busy. (對(duì)不起,現(xiàn)在我實(shí)在太忙了。)

2. “Why not do ...?”表示說話人的建議或勸告,意為“為什么不……?”,和“Why dont you do ...?”意思一樣?!癢hy not do ...?”是“Why dont you do ...?”的省略形式。

例如:

a. Why dont we meet earlier?

= Why not meet earlier? (我們?yōu)槭裁床辉琰c(diǎn)見面呢?)

b. Why dont you go to school?

= Why not go to school? (你為什么不去上學(xué)?)

3. “What / How about ...?”用來征求對(duì)方的意見,about后接名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式。

例如:

a. What / How about having an English evening? (舉行一場英語晚會(huì)怎么樣?)

b. How about a trip to the beach on Sunday? (星期日去海濱玩一次怎么樣?)

4. “Lets do ...”表示建議時(shí),意為“讓我們做……吧”。

例如:

a. Lets look at that picture. (我們看看那幅畫吧。)

b. Lets go out for a walk. (我們出去散步吧。)

友情提示:

① 這一句式的否定式可用“Lets not ...”或“Dont let us ...”。

例如:

a. Lets not get up too early tomorrow. (明天我們不要起得太早。)

b. Dont let us waste our time arguing?。ㄔ蹅儎e浪費(fèi)時(shí)間再爭論下去了!)

② lets是let us的縮寫形式,一般情況下兩者可以互換,但略有區(qū)別:lets的“我們”包括說話人和聽話人雙方,而let us不包括聽話人在內(nèi)。

例如:

a. Lets play basketball, shall we? (咱們打籃球,好嗎?)

b. Let us go with you, will you? (請(qǐng)讓我們和你一起去,好嗎?)

5. “Would you like ...?”表示“你想要……嗎?”,like后接名詞、代詞或不定式。

例如:

a. Would you like a cup of coffee? (你想要杯咖啡嗎?)

b. Would you like to go to the park with me? (你愿意和我一起去公園嗎?)

友情提示:

① 這一句式的肯定答語有“Yes, please. / Yes, Id like(love) to. / All right. / OK.”;否定答語有“No, thanks, Id like ... / Im afraid not.”等。

例如:

a. —Would you like to have a bottle of milk? (你想喝杯牛奶嗎?)

—No,thanks. Id like to have a cup of tea. (不,謝謝。我想喝杯茶。)

b. —Would you like an apple? (你想吃個(gè)蘋果嗎?)

—Yes,please. (好的,請(qǐng)給我拿一個(gè)。)

② “Would you like ...?”可用“Would you please + 動(dòng)詞原形 + ...?”代替,語氣更委婉、禮貌。

例如:

Would you like to go out for a walk with me?

= Would you please go out for a walk with me? (你和我一起去散步好嗎?)

③ 這一句式一般不接v.-ing形式。endprint

例如:

這個(gè)星期天你想去釣魚嗎?

誤: Would you like going fishing this Sunday?

正: Would you like to go fishing this Sunday?

**********************************************

I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

( )1. —Its a fine day. Shall we go out for a walk?

— .

A. Good luck

B. Thats all right.

C. Its very kind of you

D. Good idea

( )2. —The room is so dirty. we clean it?

—Of course.

A. Will B. Would

C. Do D. Shall

( )3. —Lets go out and play basketball for a while.

— .

A. Its very kind of you

B. It doesnt matter

C. Thats a good idea

D. Youre welcome

( )4. The suitcase looks too heavy for the lady to carry. Lets go to help her, ?

A. will you B. wont you

C. shall we D. do we

( )5. —How about some drinks?

— .

A. Yes, great B. No, I cant

C. Yes, youre welcome D. Yes, please

( )6. — something to drink?

—Good idea. Im thirsty.

A. What about B. Shall we

C. Would you D. Why not

( )7. —Would you like to come to our English party?

—Oh, great. .

A. Id love to B. Id like

C. Thats all right D. I want very much

( )8. Your teeth are very bad. You eat so much sweet food any more.

A. ought not to B. ought to not

C. ought not D. should not to

( )9. Your father is sleeping. Youd better .

A. not wake up him

B. not to wake up him.

C. not wake him up

D. not to wake him up

( )10. —This book is a bit difficult. read something easier?

—All right.

A. Why not to B. Why dont

C. Why not D. Why not you

II. 翻譯下列句子,每空一詞。

1. 今晚我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝幔?/p>

go out for a walk this evening?

2. 為啥不送一些花給你的女朋友呢?

you some flowers to your girl friend?

3. 我們在閱覽室時(shí),應(yīng)該保持安靜。

We when we are in the reading room.

4. 明天在學(xué)校門口見怎么樣?

at the school gate tomorrow?

5. 我們太累了,休息一會(huì)吧。

We are too tired. have a rest.endprint

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