国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

解開名詞性從句的五大惑

2015-05-30 10:52:20胡瑞明
高中生學(xué)習(xí)·高三版 2015年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:同位語連接詞語序

胡瑞明

在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句既是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點和重點,更是高考中的重要考點之一?,F(xiàn)就名詞性從句學(xué)習(xí)中的五大疑惑作如下分析,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)參考。

[一 連接詞之惑]

1. what or that?

what與that的區(qū)別是學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的重點和難點,二者在名詞性從句中的作用不同。what是連接代詞,在名詞性從句中不僅起連接作用,而且有詞義,表示“……的事情”,相當于the thing that ...,在句中可充當主語、賓語或表語;而that是純粹的連接詞,本身無詞義,也不充當句子成分,在從句中只起連接作用,因而在口語和非正式文體的賓語從句中經(jīng)常省略,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般不能省略。

例1 (改錯) What impressed the audience most was what the magician Liu Qian played in this years Spring Gala.

解析 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中含有一個主語從句what impressed the audience most ...和一個表語從句 the magician Liu Qian played in this years Spring Gala。表語從句中,句意和結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺少句子成分,所以用連接詞that引導(dǎo)。故將was后面的what改為that。

例2 (改錯) Experts believe what people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

解析 本句句意為“專家們相信人們通過只在必要時購買能減少浪費食物”。由空格前的believe可判斷,believe的后面是一個賓語從句,而該賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整,因此應(yīng)用只起連接作用的that。故將what改為that。

例3 (改錯) “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me.

解析 this is后面是表語從句,從句中動詞tell后面缺少直接賓語(tell sb sth),故將第二個that改為what,表示“媽媽過去常常告訴我的事情”。

例4 (改錯) It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

解析 句中的it是形式主語,真正的主語為to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world。imagine引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,介詞like后缺少賓語,故將that改為what。

例5 (改錯) Its good to know what the dogs will be well cared for while were away.

解析 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,it是形式主語,真正的主語為to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away. know引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中成分完整,意思完整,故應(yīng)將what改為that。

2. whether or if ?

whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時都有“是否”的含義,區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾點:

(1)whether可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,但是if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句;

(2)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可作介詞的賓語,而if不能引導(dǎo)介詞之后的賓語從句;

(3)在賓語從句中和or not連用時只能用whether。

例6 (改錯) It remains to be seen if the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.

解析 句意為“新成立的委員會的政策能否付諸實踐,還有待觀察”。it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的從句,而if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句,故將if改為whether。

例7 (改錯) It doesnt matter if you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.

解析 句意為“在十字路口無論右轉(zhuǎn)還是左轉(zhuǎn)都沒關(guān)系——兩條路都能通向公園”。在名詞性從句中和or not連用時只能用whether,故需將if改為whether。

3. 連接代詞or連接副詞?

連接代詞who, whom, what, which和whatever等,在句中既起連接作用,本身又作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語,并保留本身的含義。連接副詞when, where, how, why, how many, how much和wherever等,在句中既起連接作用,本身又作從句的狀語同時保留本身的含義。

例8 (語法填空) The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.

解析 when。根據(jù)句意“對于一個足球運動員來說,最好的時刻就是當他踢進致勝球的時候”,was后接的表語從句與the best moment相呼應(yīng),表示時間,故填入連接副詞when。

例9 (改錯) Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday, but I have no idea what he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.

解析 根據(jù)句意“邁克拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的入學(xué)邀請,但是我不知道他為什么拒絕,那是他最喜歡的學(xué)校之一?!眎deas后的同位語從句有句意,且表示原因,故需將idea后的what改為why。

此外,還需注意what、why與because引導(dǎo)表語從句時的區(qū)別。一般情況下,當主語是reason(原因)時,后接表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that;why引導(dǎo)表語從句時,強調(diào)的是結(jié)果;because引導(dǎo)的表語從句,強調(diào)的是原因。試比較:

The reason why she hasnt come is that she hasnt received the invitation. 她沒來的原因是她沒有受到邀請。

He was ill. That is why he didnt come yesterday. 他病了,那就是他昨天沒來的原因。

He didnt come yesterday. That is because he was ill. 他昨天沒來,那是因為他病了。

例10 (改錯) From space, the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

解析 根據(jù)句意“從太空看,地球是藍色的,這是因為地球表面71%都被水覆蓋了?!盩his is后接的表語從句強調(diào)的是原因,不是結(jié)果,故需將why改為because。

例11 (語法填空) What she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

解析 why。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,句中was后接的表語從句,句意完整,主語謂語和賓語齊全,再結(jié)合其前的what引導(dǎo)的主語從句及句意,可知表語從句強調(diào)結(jié)果,故填入連接副詞why。

[二 語序之惑]

在名詞性從句中,連接詞要置于從句之首,從句必須用陳述句語序,即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他”。當連接詞含有疑問意義時,不要受習(xí)慣影響錯誤地使用疑問句語序。克服這種錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準從句中的主語和謂語。如:

As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when will you come and see him.

這是由when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。從句應(yīng)用陳述句語序,故需將will you改為you will。

再如:I really dont know when was it that you returned the pen to me.

此句中動詞know后是含有強調(diào)句“it is+被強調(diào)部分+that”結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語從句,從句必須用陳述句語序,并且引導(dǎo)詞要置于句首,故將was it改為it was。

[三 時態(tài)之惑]

根據(jù)動詞時態(tài)一致性原則,賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài),常常受主句謂語時態(tài)的制約。主句與從句的動詞時態(tài)的基點應(yīng)保持一致,或都以現(xiàn)在為基點,或都以過去為基點。

若主句的謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r態(tài),從句的謂語須根據(jù)需要選用任何時態(tài);若主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài),則從句的謂語動詞需要用過去相應(yīng)的某種時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時);若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實、格言、諺語、常識等時,從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)不受動詞時態(tài)一致性原則的限制,即仍然使用一般現(xiàn)在時;若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時,仍然使用一般過去時。

例12 (改錯) We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody has broken into the office during the night.

解析 句意為“我們在早晨到達工作地點時發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)有人在前一天晚上闖進了辦公室?!标J進辦公室的時間發(fā)生在發(fā)現(xiàn)之前,是過去的過去,故賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時,所以將has改為had。

例13 (改錯) Our teacher said that January was the first month of the year.

解析 在名詞性從句中,如果賓語從句所陳述的是常識,其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。根據(jù)句意“一月是一年中的第一個月份”,這是常識,故將賓語從句中的謂語動詞was改為is。

[四 語氣之惑]

名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣應(yīng)注意三個方面:

1. 在表示“堅持、要求、命令、建議”之類的動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”形式,should可省略。這樣的動詞有:一個“堅持(insist)”;兩個“命令(order,command)”;三個“建議(suggest,advise,propose)”;四個“要求(demand,request,require,urge)”。

2. 在動詞wish后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用過去式,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的一種愿望;用“had+過去分詞”,表示與過去事實相反的一種愿望或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的一件遺憾事情;用“should/would/might/could+動詞原形”表示與將來事實相反或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。

3. 主語是suggestion, proposal, request, idea等表示“建議、請求、命令、要求、決定”意義的詞時,表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”。

4. 在主語從句中用來表示“驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此”等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:

(1)It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.) that ...

(2)It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that ...

(3)It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that ...

例14 (改錯) Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam is at the age of six months old.

解析 句意為“眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子在六個月時就要進行第一次眼科檢查”。根據(jù)句中謂語動詞recommend判斷出后面的賓語從句應(yīng)該用“should+動詞原形”,且should可以省略,所以將is改為(should)be。

例15 (改錯) In this country it is required that anyone who has recently come here has to pass this kind of test.

解析 在it is required that ...句型中,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句要用虛擬語氣,其謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。在本題中,注意主語從句中嵌套了一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,從句的謂語應(yīng)是句中的“has to pass this kind of test”,故應(yīng)將has改為(should) have。

[五 it用作形式主語之惑]

在名詞性從句中,常用用it作形式主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有以下四種:

1. “it+be+形容詞+that ...”從句。如:it is necessary that ... “有必要……”,it is important that ... “重要的是……”,it is obvious that ... “很明顯……”;

2. “it+be+過去分詞+that ...”從句。如:it is believed that ... “人們相信……”,it is known to all that ... “眾所周知……”,it has been decided that ... “已決定……”;

3. “it+be+名詞+that ...”從句。如:it is common knowledge that ... “……是常識”,it is a surprise that ... “令人驚奇的是……”,it is a fact that ... “事實是……”;

4. “it+不及物動詞+that ...”從句。如:it appears that ... “似乎……”,it happens that ...“碰巧……”,it occurred to me that ... “我突然想起……”。

例18 (改錯) What has been announced that anyone who is caught cheating in the exam will be graded zero.

解析 本句有兩種改錯方法,第一種是將句首的What改為It,構(gòu)成it用作形式主語的句型;另一種改法是在句中的that前加is,將that引導(dǎo)的從句構(gòu)成表語從句。

例19 (改錯) It suddenly (occur) him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.

解析 occured to。本題考查的是it的固定結(jié)構(gòu)it occurred to sb. that ... ,故填入occurred to。

練習(xí)

請使用正確的連詞來完成下面的短文。

worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is she puts on too much weight. She has some doubts she has eaten too much junk food. Also, with the college entrance examination drawing near, its obvious she suffers from high pressure and couldnt sleep well these days. Maybe this is also the cause she couldnt lose weight these days. Now, she could become slimmer and healthier has been her main task.

參考答案 What; that; whether; that; that; how

猜你喜歡
同位語連接詞語序
淺析同位語從句的用法
連動結(jié)構(gòu)“VP1來VP2”的復(fù)句化及新興小句連接詞“來”的形成
Brain remembers language better if you sing it
語序類語法填空題的解題技巧
as引導(dǎo)狀語從句的倒裝語序
漢韓“在”字句的語序類型及習(xí)得研究
這樣分析含同位語的長句
同位語從句及引導(dǎo)詞
英語連接詞:傳統(tǒng)與反思
英語連接詞的顯功能初探
宁都县| 寿阳县| 榆林市| 西和县| 札达县| 万源市| 辉县市| 通州区| 林周县| 阜阳市| 沙田区| 仙桃市| 苏尼特右旗| 新疆| 苗栗市| 安阳县| 盐源县| 秦皇岛市| 饶平县| 平远县| 德庆县| 永寿县| 民丰县| 八宿县| 望谟县| 岳池县| 靖安县| 丽水市| 乌拉特后旗| 嘉兴市| 天镇县| 岚皋县| 进贤县| 金平| 永丰县| 来安县| 阿坝| 潍坊市| 巴东县| 墨脱县| 潼南县|