張滿勝,英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)英語(yǔ)碩士,新東方學(xué)校“新思維語(yǔ)法”培訓(xùn)創(chuàng)始人,著有《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法新思維》系列圖書(shū),對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有深入的研究,突破傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法教學(xué),提出了“語(yǔ)法即思維”的全新語(yǔ)法理念,揭開(kāi)了英語(yǔ)思維的深層秘密。他對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的癥結(jié)和困惑有深刻的了解,力爭(zhēng)改變中國(guó)學(xué)生“學(xué)習(xí)多年英語(yǔ),最終還是不會(huì)說(shuō)、不會(huì)寫(xiě)、聽(tīng)不懂”的尷尬局面。歡迎大家來(lái)信咨詢與英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)?jiān)谛欧庥蚁陆腔蜞]件主題欄注明“熱線答疑”。
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張老師,您好!我碰到下面這道題:
I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, ____.
A. if not reminding B. if not reminded
C. although reminded D. although not reminding
所給答案是C,解析說(shuō)是“我忘記買(mǎi)水果了”,但是“should +完成時(shí)態(tài)”不是表示“該做的沒(méi)做”嗎?那不是應(yīng)該理解成“我該忘了,實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)忘”嗎?求解答,謝謝!
本題可填入although reminded,也可填入if not reminded,但是這兩種說(shuō)法含義不同且都不太常見(jiàn)了。若填入although reminded,說(shuō)成:I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, although reminded. 這句話相當(dāng)于:Even though I'd been reminded, I completely forgot to bring home the fruit my mother had asked me to buy. 整句話意為:“盡管被提醒了,但我竟然還是把媽媽讓我買(mǎi)水果回家的事給忘光了。”這里的should是“竟然”之意,由于是在談過(guò)去的事情,故說(shuō)成should have done。但這種說(shuō)法現(xiàn)在并不常用。此外,should表“竟然”的例子還有很多,但通常與表示情緒的詞連用,如:How sad that she should have no one to comfort her! (竟然沒(méi)人安慰她,多可悲?。。?/p>
若填入if not reminded,那最好把should改為would或might,說(shuō)成:I would/might have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, if not reminded. 其中if not reminded還可以替換為if I had not been reminded或had I not been reminded。這句話意為:“如果沒(méi)有被提醒,我當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)把媽媽讓我買(mǎi)水果回家的事給忘光的。”此時(shí),句子的核心意思發(fā)生了改變,表達(dá)的是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。那為什么要把should改為would呢?其實(shí),英國(guó)英語(yǔ)以前是可以用should的,說(shuō)成:I should have forgotten all about my mother's demand that I bring some fruit home for the evening, if not reminded. 其中的should與would、might一樣,用來(lái)表示一種可能性,但這種用法現(xiàn)在一般不常見(jiàn)了,尤其是在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中不被人們接受。
此外,should的含義有很多,should have done并不是只有“應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”這種用法,同學(xué)們對(duì)should的認(rèn)識(shí)不應(yīng)該局限于此。
張老師,您好。Biology, sport, domestic science, the cinema—there is bound to be some area that interests you and in which you can find books of about your level of ability. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)這句話中的in which能否用where代替?如果不行,是為什么呢?
分析句子可知,句中的兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that interests you和in which you can find books of about your level of ability并列,修飾同一個(gè)先行詞some area。這兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句還原成簡(jiǎn)單句分別為:
① The area interests you.
② You can find books of about your level of ability in that area.
也就是說(shuō),in which相當(dāng)于in that area,這里介詞in與area構(gòu)成了語(yǔ)義搭配,表示在具體某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的書(shū)籍,用in which比where語(yǔ)義更加明確。換句話說(shuō),這里用where未嘗不可,但用in which更好。
需要注意的是,當(dāng)which前面的介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞有語(yǔ)義搭配關(guān)系,尤其涉及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的用法時(shí),最好不要把“介詞+ which”換成where。比如:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place from which she drew great inspiration for her poems. 這句話中的定語(yǔ)從句改為簡(jiǎn)單句為:She drew great inspiration from the place for her poems. 這里的draw inspiration from something是一個(gè)語(yǔ)義搭配,表示“從……獲取靈感”。此時(shí)不宜用where說(shuō)成:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place where she drew great inspiration for her poems. 因?yàn)樯倭私樵~from,draw和garden之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系就變得很模糊了。
綜上所述,采用“介詞+ which”會(huì)比where語(yǔ)義更加明確,因此也更好。