紀(jì)超男,胡馨月,郭遠(yuǎn)新,齊 云,魏玉玲,陽(yáng)群芳,楊 洋,李 昱,楊俊卿
(1.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)藥理學(xué)教研室,重慶市生物化學(xué)與分子藥理學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶 400016;2.西南藥業(yè)股份有限公司,重慶 400038;3.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)病理學(xué)教研室,重慶 400016)
米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用
紀(jì)超男1,胡馨月1,郭遠(yuǎn)新1,齊 云2,魏玉玲1,陽(yáng)群芳1,楊 洋1,李 昱3,楊俊卿1
(1.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)藥理學(xué)教研室,重慶市生物化學(xué)與分子藥理學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶 400016;2.西南藥業(yè)股份有限公司,重慶 400038;3.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)病理學(xué)教研室,重慶 400016)
目的 觀察米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層損傷的保護(hù)作用并探討其機(jī)制。方法 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物設(shè)4組:轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組和藥物處理組APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠各10只,老年對(duì)照組為野生型C57小鼠10只,藥物處理組給予米索前列醇,另兩組給予羧甲基纖維素鈉,均在小鼠24周齡時(shí)以200 μg·kg-1的量開(kāi)始灌胃給予,連續(xù)給藥20周,每周連續(xù)5 d,每天1次;在指標(biāo)測(cè)試階段,另取10只8周齡野生型C57小鼠作為青年對(duì)照組。采用Morris水迷宮測(cè)試空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力,HE染色觀察海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元形態(tài)變化,生化法檢測(cè)海馬和皮層SOD活性、MDA含量變化,免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測(cè)海馬和皮層Aβ表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果 與老年對(duì)照組小鼠相比,轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期明顯延長(zhǎng),海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元出現(xiàn)明顯核固縮,SOD活性明顯下降,MDA含量明顯增加,Aβ表達(dá)明顯增多;給予米索前列醇后,APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期明顯縮短,海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元核固縮明顯減輕,SOD活性明顯升高,MDA含量明顯降低,Aβ表達(dá)明顯減少。結(jié)論 米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層的神經(jīng)損傷有顯著保護(hù)作用,其機(jī)制可能與米索前列醇減輕APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠腦組織氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)。
米索前列醇;APP/PS1;海馬;皮層;Aβ;EP;氧化應(yīng)激;神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用
阿爾茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是一種與年齡高度相關(guān)的慢性中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)退行性疾病,主要病理特征是大腦β淀粉樣蛋白(Aβ)在細(xì)胞外積累,并形成老年斑(SP)和腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)tau蛋白異常磷酸化聚積形成神經(jīng)纖維纏結(jié)(NTF),其發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全明了,臨床亦無(wú)有效防治藥物[1]。研究表明,中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激是急慢性腦損傷疾病進(jìn)程的共同特征之一,長(zhǎng)期服用非甾體類抗炎藥(NSAIDS)可抑制環(huán)氧合酶(COX),減少其下游產(chǎn)物前列腺素(prostaglandins,PGs)的生成,明顯降低患者罹患AD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2]。然而,長(zhǎng)期服用NSAIDS,不僅使AD患者發(fā)生出血性心腦血管疾病及胃腸道潰瘍等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,且有增加患者認(rèn)知缺陷的可能[3]。其原因可能與COX下游PGs及其受體類型繁多,長(zhǎng)期服用NSAIDS 過(guò)度抑制COX活性,引發(fā)COX下游PGs合成酶-PGs-PGs受體信號(hào)通路紊亂,使保護(hù)性PGs效應(yīng)被損傷性PGs效應(yīng)掩蓋有關(guān)。因此,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為從下游PGs信號(hào)通路某些靶點(diǎn)干預(yù),效果可能優(yōu)于直接干預(yù)COX[4]。
米索前列醇(misoprostol)是人工合成的PGE1類似物,目前臨床主要用于婦科和產(chǎn)科。最新研究表明,米索前列醇可以通過(guò)改善全身性氧化應(yīng)激與炎癥反應(yīng),對(duì)培養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元可能產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[5]。我們前期研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)米索前列醇對(duì)慢性鋁負(fù)荷所致的大鼠腦損傷有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[6]。APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠是目前臨床癥狀、病理變化與臨床上AD最為相似的模型之一[7]。本研究以APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠為AD動(dòng)物模型,通過(guò)慢性口服給予APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠米索前列醇,觀察其對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。
1.1 材料
1.1.1 動(dòng)物 將購(gòu)于南京大學(xué)模式動(dòng)物研究所的APP/PS1 轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠[B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J][動(dòng)物許可證號(hào):SCXK(蘇)2010-0111],以雄 ∶雌=1 ∶2比例合籠,成功繁殖后,產(chǎn)下后代3周后離乳,用PCR鑒定基因型;相應(yīng)野生型C57(C57/BL6)小鼠購(gòu)于重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物中心[動(dòng)物許可證號(hào):SCXK(渝)2012-0001],所有動(dòng)物均飼養(yǎng)于重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物中心SPF級(jí)環(huán)境。所有實(shí)驗(yàn)操作均獲得重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)的許可。
1.1.2 藥品與試劑 米索前列醇 (北京紫竹藥業(yè),43130916);Biospin組織基因組DNA提取試劑盒(杭州博日科技有限公司,20130501);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA) 試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,20140222,20140219);鼠抗單克隆Aβ抗體(abcam,Ab11132); DAB 顯色試劑盒(北京中杉金橋,K137726A);其余試劑均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.1.3 主要儀器 凝膠成像系統(tǒng) (Bio-Rad,美國(guó)),Morris 水迷宮(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院藥物研究所),低溫離心機(jī)(Sigma,美國(guó)),光學(xué)顯微鏡(Nikon,日本),全自動(dòng)酶標(biāo)儀(Spectra Max M2 公司,美國(guó)) 。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因傳代小鼠基因型鑒定 小鼠離乳時(shí),剪取尾端組織約 0.5 cm,參照Biospin組織基因組 DNA 提取試劑盒說(shuō)明書,提取基因組 DNA 。由上海生物工程有限公司合成引物,APP引物上游序列5′-GACTGACCACTCGACCAGGTTCTG-3′,下游序列 5′-CTTGTAAGTTGGATTCTCATATCCG-3′,PCR擴(kuò)增片段長(zhǎng)度350 bp;PS1 引物上游序列 5′-AATAGAGAACGGCAGGAGCA-3′,下游序列5′-GCCATGAGGGCACTAATCAT-3′,PCR擴(kuò)增片段長(zhǎng)度608bp;內(nèi)參PRP引物上游序列5′-CCTCTTTGTGACTATGTGGACTGATGTCGG-3′,下游序列5′-GTGGATAACCCCTCCCCCAGCCTAGACC -3′,PCR擴(kuò)增片段長(zhǎng)度750 bp。反應(yīng)總體系為 25 μL: ddH2O 8 μL, 2×Taq Master Mix 12.5 μL,上游引物1 μL,下游引物1 μL,基因組 DNA 2.5 μL,反應(yīng)循環(huán)參數(shù)為94℃ 3 min,隨后 94℃ 30 s,56℃ 1 min,72℃ 1 min,35個(gè)循環(huán),72℃ 5min,反應(yīng)結(jié)束,4℃保存。擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物用10 g·L-1瓊脂糖凝膠電泳觀察。
1.2.2 分組與給藥 實(shí)驗(yàn)分4組:根據(jù)傳代小鼠基因型鑒定結(jié)果,篩選APP、PS1雙陽(yáng)性轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠20只,隨機(jī)分為兩組,即轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組和藥物處理組;取10只同周齡野生型C57小鼠作為老年對(duì)照組,在小鼠24周齡時(shí)開(kāi)始灌胃。參考我們前期米索前列醇對(duì)慢性鋁負(fù)荷大鼠產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用的給藥方法[6],使米索前列醇溶于5 g·L-1羧甲基纖維素鈉,以200 μg·kg-1給予藥物處理組小鼠,連續(xù)給藥20周,每周連續(xù)5 d,每天1次,灌胃體積為0.1 mL·kg-1。轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組和老年對(duì)照組給予相應(yīng)體積的5 g·L-1羧甲基纖維素鈉。在灌胃結(jié)束前3 d,另取10只8周齡野生型C57小鼠作為青年對(duì)照組。各組小鼠均♀♂各半。
1.2.3 行為學(xué)測(cè)定 停止灌胃d 2,電腦全自動(dòng)程控Morris水迷宮對(duì)小鼠進(jìn)行空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)階段一:首次訓(xùn)練時(shí)將小鼠置于平臺(tái)上適應(yīng)60s,之后依次從A、B、C、D 4個(gè)入水點(diǎn)將小鼠背對(duì)平臺(tái)入水,令其自由游泳到達(dá)平臺(tái),小鼠首次上臺(tái)時(shí)間即為尋臺(tái)潛伏期(exploring time,EL);90s內(nèi)未找到平臺(tái)者,操作人員協(xié)助將其引至平臺(tái)并停留10s,EL記為90s,從d 2起,同樣方法每日訓(xùn)練4次,持續(xù)訓(xùn)練4 d。階段二:在d 5時(shí)撤去平臺(tái),將小鼠從最后1次訓(xùn)練時(shí)的入水位置放入,電腦記錄小鼠第1次跨越原平臺(tái)的時(shí)間即為EL,超過(guò)90 s未找到平臺(tái)者,EL記為90 s。
1.2.4 組織病理學(xué)檢查 每組取4只小鼠,40 g·L-1水合氯醛(0.1 ml·kg-1,i.p.)麻醉,仰臥位固定于蛙板上。以肝臟作為血液及灌注液出口,每只小鼠用約30 ml預(yù)冷肝素化生理鹽水及50 ml 40 g·L-1多聚甲醛磷酸鹽緩沖液,經(jīng)左心室快速滴入,進(jìn)行在體灌流及腦固定。完整分離腦組織,4℃保存于40 g·L-1多聚甲醛2~3 d,梯度乙醇脫水,石蠟包埋,冠狀切面連續(xù)切片,厚約4~5 μm,HE染色,光鏡下觀察海馬及皮層神經(jīng)元形態(tài)變化。
1.2.5 SOD 活性、MDA含量檢測(cè) 每組另取6只小鼠,斷頸取腦,分離海馬與皮層,用生理鹽水分別制成10 g·L-1的勻漿液,參照說(shuō)明書,以黃嘌呤氧化酶法測(cè)定 SOD 活性,硫代巴比妥酸法測(cè)定MDA 含量變化。
1.2.6 Aβ表達(dá)檢測(cè)[15]采用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測(cè),取1.2.4所述石蠟切片,常規(guī)脫蠟至水,枸櫞酸高溫修復(fù)抗原,30 g·L-1H2O2孵育,山羊血清封閉,1 ∶100 Aβ一抗4℃孵育過(guò)夜,二抗室溫孵育30 min,辣根酶標(biāo)記的鏈霉卵白素工作液室溫孵育后,鏡下滴加DAB至顯色,自來(lái)水充分沖洗,復(fù)染、脫水、透明、封片,顯微鏡下觀察海馬及皮層Aβ表達(dá)情況,每組4只小鼠各取1張切片,每張切片取400×光鏡下3個(gè)不同視野,用軟件Image-pro plus 6.0進(jìn)行光密度分析。
2.1 APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因傳代小鼠基因型鑒定觀察PCR產(chǎn)物電泳結(jié)果,350 bp(APP)和608 bp(PS1)處均出現(xiàn)明顯條帶者為陽(yáng)性APP/PS1雙轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠(Fig 1)。
2.2 米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶力的影響與青年對(duì)照組小鼠相比,老年對(duì)照組小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期延長(zhǎng)(P<0.05),而轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠較老年對(duì)照組小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期延長(zhǎng)(P<0.05),給予米索前列醇后,可明顯縮短APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期(P<0.05,Tab 1)。
Tab 1 Effects of misoprostol on changes of exploring time of APP/PS1 transgenic ±s,n=10)
#P<0.05vsyouth group;*P<0.05vselderly group;△P<0.05vsAPP/PS1 group.
Fig 1 Positive results of APP/PS1 transgenic mice genotype by PCR
2.3 米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層病理形態(tài)結(jié)果的影響青年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,排列緊密,核膜完整,核仁清晰,無(wú)明顯核固縮,與青年對(duì)照組小鼠相比,老年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元數(shù)目減少,胞核出現(xiàn)核固縮,核深染現(xiàn)象,而轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元大片死亡,數(shù)目明顯減少,核固縮及核深染現(xiàn)象較老年組更加明顯,給予美索前列醇后,轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元壞死、核固縮及核深染現(xiàn)象減輕(Fig 2,3)。
Fig 2 Effect of misoprostol on neuronal damage of APP/PS1 transgenic mice hippocampus(HE×400)
A:Youth group; B:Elderly group; C: APP/PS1 group; D: Misoprostol-trearted group
2.4 海馬和皮層組織SOD、MDA 的變化與青年對(duì)照組小鼠相比,老年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬SOD活性明顯降低(P<0.05),MDA含量明顯升高(P<0.01),皮層SOD活性明顯降低(P<0.05),MDA含量明顯升高(P<0.05)。與老年對(duì)照組小鼠相比,轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠海馬SOD活性明顯降低(P<0.05),MDA含量明顯升高(P<0.05),皮層SOD活性明顯降低(P<0.01),MDA含量明顯升高(P<0.05)。給予米索前列醇后,轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬SOD活性明顯升高(P<0.05),MDA含量明顯降低(P<0.05),皮層SOD活性明顯升高(P<0.05),MDA含量明顯降低(P<0.05,Tab 2,3)。
Fig 3 Effect of misoprostol on neuronal damage of APP/PS1 transgenic mice cortex (HE×400)
A:Youth group; B:Elderly group; C: APP/PS1 group; D: Misoprostol-trearted group
GroupSOD/kU·g-1ProMDA/mmol·g-1ProYouth36.89±6.761.86±0.49Elderly28.37±4.29#3.64±0.70##APP/PS117.42±5.27*6.30±1.49*Misoprostol26.46±4.74△3.57±1.04△
#P<0.05,##P<0.01vsyouth group;*P<0.05vselderly group;△P<0.05vsAPP/PS1 group.
2.5 米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1小鼠海馬和皮層Aβ表達(dá)的影響青年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)細(xì)胞幾乎檢測(cè)不到Aβ的表達(dá),老年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬和皮層神經(jīng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)有少量Aβ表達(dá),胞外未見(jiàn)明顯Aβ聚積;而在轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠海馬和皮層不但胞內(nèi)表達(dá)Aβ,且胞外Aβ大量聚積,形成明顯老年斑;給予米索前列醇后,轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層Aβ表達(dá)減少,聚積形成的老年斑得到改善(Fig 4,5)。Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析各組圖片平均光密度值,老年對(duì)照組小鼠海馬和皮層Aβ光密度值較青年對(duì)照組明顯增加(P<0.01),轉(zhuǎn)基因模型組小鼠海馬和皮層Aβ光密度值較老年對(duì)照組明顯增加(P<0.05),給予米索前列醇后,轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層Aβ光密度值明顯降低(P<0.05,F(xiàn)ig 6)。
GroupSOD/kU·g-1ProMDA/mmol·g-1ProYouth34.83±5.971.62±0.46Elderly25.18±4.36#3.32±0.94#APP/PS113.40±3.16**5.67±1.21*Misoprostol23.50±6.68△3.46±0.71△
#P<0.05vsyouth group;*P<0.05,**P<0.01vselderly group;△P<0.05vsAPP/PS1 group.
Fig 4 Effect of misoprostol on Aβ expression of APP/PS1 transgenic mice hippocampus (×400)
A:Youth group; B:Elderly group; C: APP/PS1 group; D:Misoprostol-trearted group
AD是老年癡呆的主要類型之一,臨床以進(jìn)行性認(rèn)知功能障礙、精神行為異常及生活能力減退等為主要表現(xiàn),隨著人口老齡化的日益突出,已成為嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康及生活質(zhì)量的疾病之一[8]。目前,臨床仍無(wú)有效的防治手段,因此深入研究其發(fā)生機(jī)制,開(kāi)發(fā)防治AD的有效藥物勢(shì)在必行。
AD動(dòng)物模型多種多樣,但現(xiàn)有動(dòng)物模型均不能全面準(zhǔn)確地反映其特征。相比其他動(dòng)物模型,APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠腦內(nèi)不僅出現(xiàn)Aβ沉積、形成Aβ斑塊的時(shí)間早,而且Aβ的量多,并伴有神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損傷和突觸丟失以及與年齡有關(guān)的神經(jīng)行為功能障礙等,因而是重要的模型之一[9]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠作為AD動(dòng)物模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與老年野生型C57小鼠相比,空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力降低,海馬和皮層神經(jīng)元核固縮及核深染現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重, SOD活性下降, MDA含量增加,Aβ表達(dá)增多且聚積形成明顯老年斑,這與Wang等[10]研究結(jié)果一致。
Fig 5 Effect of misoprostol on Aβ expression of APP/PS1 transgenic mice cortex (×400)
A:Youth group; B:Elderly group; C: APP/PS1 group; D:Misoprostol-trearted group
##P<0.01vsyouth group;*P<0.05vselderly group;△P<0.05vsAPP/PS1 group
神經(jīng)退行性疾病進(jìn)程中,氧化應(yīng)激發(fā)揮著重要作用,隨著腦損傷的加劇,腦組織大量產(chǎn)生氧自由基并過(guò)量聚積,通過(guò)脂質(zhì)代謝產(chǎn)生MDA等發(fā)揮毒性作用[11]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),給予米索前列醇后,APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層SOD活性增加, MDA含量降低,Aβ的表達(dá)及老年斑的形成減少,神經(jīng)元核固縮及核深染現(xiàn)象減少,小鼠尋臺(tái)潛伏期縮短,這表明米索前列醇能降低APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠海馬和皮層的氧化應(yīng)激程度和神經(jīng)損傷程度,改善其空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶力。與我們研究結(jié)果類似, Abdel等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn),在LPS所致的小鼠損傷模型中,米索前列醇可通過(guò)降低小鼠腦部MDA含量,升高小鼠腦部谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,減輕小鼠腦部的氧化應(yīng)激程度,從而發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。Li等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn),在大腦中動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎腦損傷模型中,米索前列醇可降低大鼠腦水腫及梗死面積,提高其神經(jīng)功能學(xué)評(píng)分。這些結(jié)果提示,在腦損傷模型中,給予米索前列醇可能對(duì)模型產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,這可能與米索前列醇改善模型腦組織的氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)。Bilak等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn),在慢性谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體抑制劑誘導(dǎo)的肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥模型中,與米索前列醇同為EP3激動(dòng)劑的硫前列酮,可減少皮層運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元壞死,降低其炎癥及氧化應(yīng)激程度。
綜上所述,米索前列醇對(duì)APP/PS1轉(zhuǎn)基因致AD小鼠可發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,其機(jī)制可能與其降低小鼠腦組織的氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)。另一方面,考慮到米索前列醇主要激動(dòng)的是EP3受體,其神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用機(jī)制與EP3受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)通路是否相關(guān)需要進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。
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Protective effect of misoprostol on neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
JI Chao-nan1, HU Xin-yue1,GUO Yuan-xin1,QI Yun2,WEI Yu-ling1,YANG Qun-fang1,YANG Yang1,LI Yu3,YANG Jun-qing1
(1.DeptofPharmacology,KeyLaboratoryofBiochemistryandMolecularPharmacology,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China;2.SouthwestPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd,Chongqing400038,China; 3.DeptofPathology,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China)
Aim To investigate the protective effects of misoprostol on hippocampal and cortical neuronal injury in APP / PS1 transgenic mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Mice were divided into 4 groups including youth group, elderly group, APP/PS1 group and misoprostol-treated group.Ten 24-month-old APP / PS1 transgenic mice were randomized into two groups as APP / PS1 group and misoprostol-trearted group. Ten 24-month-old wild-type C57 mice were chosen as elderly group.Mice in misoprostol-treated group were administered with misoprostol (200μg·kg-1d-1, p.o.) five days a week for 20 weeks. Mice in the other two groups were administered with carboxymethylcellulose sodium(200 μg·kg-1d-1, p.o.) five days a week for 20 weeks. Three days before misoprostol treatment was stopped, ten 8-week-old wild-type C57 mice were chosen as youth group. The spatial learning and memory function was evaluated by Morris water maze.The hippocampal and cortical neuronal damage was detected by HE staining. SOD activities and MDA contents were measured by biochemistry method.The expression of Aβ in mice hippocampus and cortex was observed using the immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with those of elderly group,the exploring time of mice was lengthened remarkably, the hippocampal and cortical neurons appeared obvious nucleus pycnosis and deep dye, the SOD activities were decreased significantly, the MDA contents and the levels of Aβ increased significantly in APP/PS1 group. Compared with those of APP/PS1 group,the exploring time of mice was shortened remarkably, the damage of hippocampal and cortical neurons reduced significantly, the SOD activities increased significantly, the MDA contents and the levels of Aβ decreased significantly in the misoprostol-treated group.Conclusion Our research results suggest that misoprostol has a significant neuroprotective effect on brain injury in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The neuroprotective mechanism of misoprostol might be related to its antioxidative stress in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
misoprostol; APP/PS1; hippocampus; cortex; Aβ; EP; oxidative stress; neuroprotective effect
時(shí)間:2015-3-3 11:08 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20150303.1108.009.html
2014-12-08,
2015-01-04
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No 81070972)
紀(jì)超男(1988-),女,碩士生,研究方向:神經(jīng)精神藥理學(xué),E-mail:chaonan1988@163.com; 楊俊卿(1968-),男,博士,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,通訊作者,Tel:023-68485161,E-mail:qqqjy@sohu.com
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2015.03.009
A
1001-1978(2015)03-0334-06
R-332;R322.81;R394.2;R745.7;R977.6;R979.22