桂紅珍,楊 浪,金 鵬,盛劍秋
(北京軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科, 北京 100700)
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研究論文
褪黑素減輕浸水-束縛應(yīng)激大鼠胃黏膜損傷
桂紅珍,楊 浪,金 鵬,盛劍秋*
(北京軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科, 北京 100700)
目的探討褪黑素(MT)對大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍的保護(hù)作用及對胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2 和TIMP-2表達(dá)的影響。方法用浸水-束縛應(yīng)激(WIRS) 建立大鼠應(yīng)激性潰瘍模型。應(yīng)激前30 min,分別腹腔注射褪黑素10、20、40和60 mg/kg。應(yīng)激3 h后,觀察大鼠胃黏膜病變,對潰瘍指數(shù)(UI)進(jìn)行評分;組織學(xué)觀察胃出血;用real-time PCR及Western blot檢測胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果WIRS應(yīng)激3 h能成功誘導(dǎo)大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍。預(yù)先注射MT可明顯降低應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍大鼠的UI(P<0.01),明顯降低黏膜層炎性細(xì)胞浸潤數(shù)(P<0.01)。WIRS誘導(dǎo)大鼠胃黏膜MMP-9和MMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)上調(diào)(P<0.01),TIMP-2則下降;MT預(yù)處理后,MMP-2/MMP-9明顯下降(P<0.05或P<0.01); 而TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。結(jié)論MT可能通過下調(diào)MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá),及增加TIMP-2表達(dá),減輕WIRS誘導(dǎo)的大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍。
應(yīng)激;胃潰瘍;褪黑素;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶;細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)
胃潰瘍的發(fā)病與胃組織細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extracellular matrix,ECM)重塑的調(diào)節(jié)異常有關(guān)[1-2]?;|(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)選擇性降解ECM的成分,在ECM重塑中起重要作用。MMPs是一組Zn2+依賴的內(nèi)源性蛋白水解酶,在多種炎性反應(yīng)疾病發(fā)病中起重要作用,其中MMP-9和MMP-2對大鼠急性和慢性胃潰瘍具有不同的調(diào)節(jié)作用[3];其活性受轉(zhuǎn)錄、分泌、酶原激活及金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)調(diào)節(jié)[4]。
褪黑素(melatonin,MT)是一種內(nèi)源性物質(zhì),主要由松果體分泌,在胃腸道中有較高的活性,近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)MT通過增強(qiáng)谷胱甘肽水平、減少髓過氧物酶、防止脂質(zhì)過氧化作用保護(hù)吲哚美辛誘導(dǎo)的大鼠胃潰瘍[5-6]。MT對大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍MMPs的影響如何?本研究探討MT對大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-2表達(dá)的影響,旨在進(jìn)一步探討MT對應(yīng)激性胃黏膜損傷的保護(hù)作用及可能機(jī)制。
1.1 實(shí)驗動物、試劑
SPF級SD雄性大鼠60只,6周齡,180~220 g(維通利華實(shí)驗動物技術(shù)有限公司,動物合格證號34760)。MT及SDS-PAGE試劑(Sigma公司), Trizol試劑盒(Invitrogen公司),PCR引物(生工生物工程(上海)有限公司),M-MLV反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(Takara公司),real-time PCR擴(kuò)增試劑盒(北京中原領(lǐng)先科技有限公司),MMP-9和MMP-2一抗(Millipore公司),GAPDH一抗(康成生物),其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 實(shí)驗分組及給藥:將大鼠隨機(jī)分為對照組、模型組、應(yīng)激+MT組(再分10、20、40、60 mg/kg組,應(yīng)激前30 min腹腔注射預(yù)處理)。應(yīng)激+MT組于應(yīng)激前30 min腹腔注射預(yù)處理,模型組應(yīng)激前30 min腹腔注射等體積0.9%氯化鈉注射液。常規(guī)WIRS誘導(dǎo)大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍模型。
1.2.2 潰瘍指數(shù)(ulcer index,UI)測定:浸水應(yīng)激3 h、乙醚麻醉后頸椎脫臼法處死動物,進(jìn)行UI評估[7]:點(diǎn)狀出血為1分,線狀出血長度<1 mm為2分,1~2 mm為3分,2~4 mm為4分,>4 mm為5分,寬度>1 mm時分值×2。每只動物的累計總分即為該動物的潰瘍指數(shù)。潰瘍抑制率(%)= (模型組潰瘍指數(shù)均值-實(shí)驗組潰瘍指數(shù)均值/模型組潰瘍指數(shù)均值) ×100 %。
1.2.3 組織學(xué)觀察:評估UI之后切取部分胃組織,常規(guī)組織病理制片進(jìn)行組織學(xué)觀察,在400倍顯微鏡下,分別記錄黏膜層5個不同視野內(nèi)炎性細(xì)胞浸潤數(shù)量,取平均數(shù)作為該標(biāo)本的炎性細(xì)胞浸潤數(shù)量。
1.2.4 Real-time PCR檢測:載玻片均勻刮取胃黏膜,Trizol法提取胃黏膜組織總RNA。紫外分光光度計檢測RNA濃度及純度。cDNA合成按照反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書操作。擴(kuò)增引物序列見表1。擴(kuò)增條件為:94 ℃ 2 min,94 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s,72 ℃ 10 min,循環(huán)45次。用2-ΔΔCT法計算各個樣本目的基因的表達(dá)變化[8]。
表1 擴(kuò)增基因引物序列Table 1 Amplification gene sequence primers
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
2.1 大鼠UI測定結(jié)果
大鼠經(jīng)束縛-浸水應(yīng)激3 h,建立了SD大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍模型。模型組大鼠的整個胃組織上皮表面可見大量的出血點(diǎn)。與模型組比較, MT20、40及60 mg/kg組的UI均顯著低于模型組(P<0.01),而且MT劑量越大,UI值越小(表2,圖1)。
表2 各組潰瘍指數(shù)、潰瘍抑制率比較Table 2 Comparison of ulcer index,ulcer inhibition rate(n=10)
*P< 0.01 compared with model group.
2.2 組織學(xué)觀察結(jié)果
模型組中可見胃小凹連續(xù)性中斷和腺上皮凋亡,糜爛灶形成。MT預(yù)處理的各組別中, MT 10 mg組病變?nèi)悦黠@,與模型組差別不大;但隨著MT劑量加大,病變逐漸減輕,MT 60 mg組可明顯預(yù)防應(yīng)激胃黏膜的形成。MT 20、40及MT 60 mg/kg組黏膜層炎性細(xì)胞浸潤數(shù)均顯著低于模型組(P<0.01)(圖2)。
2.3 MT預(yù)處理對WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9 及TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的影響
與對照組比較,模型組大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2及MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)明顯升高(P<0.01)。MT 10、20、40和60 mg/kg預(yù)處理組與模型組比較均明顯下降(P<0.0 5或P<0.01)。而TIMP-2的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)趨勢與之相反, MT 40、60 mg/kg預(yù)處理組與模型組比較均明顯升高(P<0.0 5) (圖3)。
A.blank control; B.model group; C.MT 10 mg/kg; D.MT 20 mg/kg; E.MT 40 mg/kg; F.MT 60 mg/kg圖1 MT預(yù)處理后浸水-束縛應(yīng)激大鼠的胃組織形態(tài)學(xué)Fig 1 Morphology of gastric tissues pre-treated by MT in water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) rats
A.blank control; B.model group; C.MT 10 mg/kg; D.MT 20 mg/kg; E.MT 40 mg/kg; F.MT 60 mg/kg圖2 MT預(yù)處理后浸水-束縛應(yīng)激大鼠的胃組織病理圖Fig 2 Histological appearances of gastric tissues pre-treated by MT in water-immersion and restraint stress(WIRS) rats(×200)
A.mRNA level of MMP-2; B.mRNA level of MMP-9; C.mRNA level of TIMP-2; D.protein level of MMP-2; E.protein level of MMP-9; F.protein level of TIMP-2; G.representative Western blot of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2; #P<0.01 compared with blank control group;*P<0.05 compared with model group; **P<0.01 compared with model group圖3 MT對WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-2 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)的影響Fig 3 Effect of melatonin on MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression and protein level in rat mucosa duringprevention of WIRS-induced gastric damage (n=6)
應(yīng)激是急性胃黏膜病變的主要原因之一,通過引起胃酸向胃黏膜逆向擴(kuò)散,胃黏膜血流減少,抑制黏膜前列腺素產(chǎn)生,黏液素減少,氧化應(yīng)激增加,中性粒細(xì)胞激活,胃黏膜細(xì)胞生長和增生抑制等機(jī)制引起胃損傷[9-10]。應(yīng)激因素可能長期存在,而目前長期應(yīng)用抑酸藥預(yù)防潰瘍易引起并發(fā)癥。因此有必要探索其他作用強(qiáng)、不良反應(yīng)小的預(yù)防潰瘍的藥物。本研究觀察MT對應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍發(fā)生的影響,結(jié)果顯示MT 40 mg/kg對WIRS誘導(dǎo)的大鼠胃損傷具有保護(hù)作用,隨著劑量增加效果更加明顯。
培養(yǎng)的胃上皮細(xì)胞分泌MMP-2、MMP-3、MMP-7、MMP-9[11-12],提示ECM蛋白和ECM降解酶(MMPs)參與胃潰瘍發(fā)病。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2在轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯水平的表達(dá)上調(diào),支持MMPs參與應(yīng)激性潰瘍的發(fā)生。與本研究結(jié)果類似,在大鼠慢性胃潰瘍模型進(jìn)行的研究中,吲哚美辛可引起MMP-2和MMP-9活性增加,表明MMPs參與胃十二指腸潰瘍發(fā)病[3,13]。在基因和蛋白水平調(diào)節(jié)MMPs的表達(dá),是胃潰瘍形成和愈合過程中ECM降解和重塑的潛在機(jī)制[14]。有關(guān)應(yīng)激性潰瘍MMPs的表達(dá)、釋放和激活形成活化形式的確切機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。
本研究顯示,應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍大鼠胃組織MMP-9和MMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)同時, TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)增加,提示TIMP-2可能通過調(diào)節(jié)MMP-9和MMP-2活性,共同參與應(yīng)激性潰瘍的發(fā)生。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)MT能反向抑制MMP-9和MMP-2并同時增加TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)。與本研究結(jié)果一致,在乙醇誘導(dǎo)的大鼠胃潰瘍模型中,MT能反向抑制TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表達(dá)[15]。提示MT可能通過調(diào)節(jié)MMPs和TIMP預(yù)防應(yīng)激性潰瘍的發(fā)生,然而其具體分子機(jī)制尚待進(jìn)一步闡明。
總之, MT可能通過下調(diào)MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá)及增加TIMP-2表達(dá),減輕WIRS誘導(dǎo)的大鼠應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍。MT可能是治療應(yīng)激性胃潰瘍的具有前景的重要補(bǔ)充,了解MT對潰瘍的MMP調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制,有助于MT未來應(yīng)用于控制臨床疾病的必要基礎(chǔ)。
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Melatorin alleviates gastric mucosal injury induced by water-immersion and restraint seress in rats
GUI Hong-zhen,YANG Lang,JIN Peng,SHENG Jian-qiu*
(Dept.of Gastroenterology,the Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA,Beijing 100700,China)
Objective To investigative the protective effects of melatonin (MT) in gastric stress ulcer of rat and expression of MMP-9,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in mucosa.Methods Stress ulcer model was established by water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS).Melatonin at dose of 10,20,40,60 mg/kg were administrated in different group of rat at 30 min before the onset of WIRS.The rat mucosa was examined and ulcer index was evaluated after 3 hours stress.Mucosa hemorrhage was determined by histology.In addition,the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were measured by PCR and western blot.Results The rat stress ulcer model can be established by WIRS at 3 hours.Pre-administration of melatonin can decrease the ulcer index (UI) and inflammatory cells in mucosa(P<0.01).In addition,the mRNA and protein level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was increased,TIMP-2 was decreased in WIRS induced rat ulcer model (P<0.01).Moreover,the mRNA and protein level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was inhibited,while TIMP-2 was promoted by melatonin in stress induced ulcer(P<0.05 orP<0.01).Conclusions The alleviation role of Melatonin on WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats may partly exert through regulating the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2.
stress; gastric ulcer; melatonin; matrix metal protein ases; extracellular matrix
2014-09-18
2014-12-02
全軍醫(yī)學(xué)科技“十二五”科研項目(BWS11J058)
*通信作者(corresponding author):lina201207012@163.com
1001-6325(2015)03-0318-05
R573.1
A