劉 帆,李春艷,徐魯斌,陳納澤,周 末,姜浩武,馬 超
(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院 人體解剖與組織胚胎學(xué)系, 北京 100005)
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研究論文
Fcγ和Fcε受體在小鼠三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)的表達(dá)
劉 帆,李春艷,徐魯斌,陳納澤,周 末,姜浩武,馬 超*
(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院 人體解剖與組織胚胎學(xué)系, 北京 100005)
目的檢測(cè)正常小鼠三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)(TG)是否表達(dá)免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白E(IgE)Fc段Fcγ受體和 Fcε受體,及其在過(guò)敏小鼠TG中的變化。方法通過(guò)腹腔注射OVA和鋁劑,建立小鼠過(guò)敏性結(jié)膜炎(ACJ)模型。ELISA檢測(cè)血清總IgE。用Western blot 和免疫熒光檢測(cè)Fcγ受體和Fcε受體的表達(dá)。結(jié)果小鼠TG表達(dá)Fcγ受體和 Fcε受體。其中IgG激活型高親和力受體FcγRI和抑制型低親和力受體FcγRⅡ只表達(dá)在小鼠TG神經(jīng)元上,而IgG激活型低親和力受體FcγRⅢ表達(dá)在小鼠TG中的衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上。IgE激活型高親和力受體FcεRⅠ表達(dá)在小鼠TG神經(jīng)元上,而IgE低親和力受體FcεRⅡ同時(shí)表達(dá)在小鼠TG神經(jīng)元和衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上。與正常小鼠比較,ACJ小鼠的血清總IgE水平升高,TG的FcεRⅠ和FcγRⅡ表達(dá)增加(P<0.05)。而ACJ小鼠的FcεRⅡ和FcγRI表達(dá)下降(P<0.05)。FcγRⅢ在正常和ACJ小鼠TG中的表達(dá)無(wú)顯著差別。結(jié)論小鼠TG表達(dá)的Fcγ和Fcε受體可能參與ACJ及其他過(guò)敏性疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。
Fcγ受體;Fcε受體;免疫球蛋白G;免疫球蛋白E;過(guò)敏
Fc受體家族在適應(yīng)性免疫中扮演了關(guān)鍵的角色。這些受體的失調(diào)可能導(dǎo)致包括自身免疫性疾病和過(guò)敏性疾病在內(nèi)的多種疾病。Fcγ受體是IgG Fc段的受體,F(xiàn)cε受體是IgE Fc段的受體,二者主要表達(dá)于免疫相關(guān)細(xì)胞的膜受體。
目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)參與很多免疫相關(guān)疾病的病理生理過(guò)程[1- 2]。既往研究在大鼠背根神經(jīng)節(jié)(dorsal root ganglion, DRG)傷害性感覺(jué)神經(jīng)元上發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)元表達(dá)的FcγR[3- 5]和FcεR[6]可以被IgG和IgE免疫復(fù)合物激活。本課題組曾發(fā)現(xiàn)在正常的大鼠足底注射IgG免疫復(fù)合物(IgG-IC)可以誘發(fā)疼痛,而足底給予大劑量正常大鼠IgG可以減輕足底注射IgG-IC誘發(fā)的疼痛[6]。過(guò)敏性結(jié)膜炎(allergic conjunctivitis, ACJ)是臨床最常見(jiàn)的過(guò)敏性疾病之一,目前治療上主要采用抗組胺藥物,但部分患者療效欠佳。根據(jù)本課題組和其他研究者的發(fā)現(xiàn)[6],推測(cè)支配眼結(jié)膜的三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)(trigeminal ganglion, TG)感覺(jué)神經(jīng)元表達(dá)Fcγ和ε受體,從而可能參與過(guò)敏性結(jié)膜炎導(dǎo)致的眼部瘙癢和疼痛癥狀的發(fā)生。本研究將檢測(cè)在小鼠TG是否表達(dá)各型Fcγ和ε受體,及在過(guò)敏疾病狀態(tài)下小鼠各型TG Fcγ和ε受體的表達(dá)變化。
1.1 材料
OVA(Sigma-Aldrich公司)。鋁劑(imject alum)(Thermo公司)。RIPA裂解液、蛋白酶抑制劑、BCA蛋白定量試劑盒、ECL發(fā)光試劑盒(康為世紀(jì)公司)。倉(cāng)鼠抗FcεRⅠ抗體(LifeSpan Bio公司)。兔抗FcγRⅠ抗體(Sino Bio公司)。大鼠抗FcεRⅡ抗體(Abd公司)。兔抗FcγRⅡ抗體、兔抗FcγRⅢ抗體和HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗倉(cāng)鼠二抗(Abcam公司)。小鼠抗β-actin抗體、HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG、羊抗大鼠IgG和羊抗小鼠IgG二抗(中杉金橋公司)。各型熒光二抗(Jackson Immuno Research公司)。
1.2 動(dòng)物及ACJ動(dòng)物模型制備
SPF級(jí)雄性C57小鼠,體質(zhì)量20~25 g[中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院提供,許可證SCXK(京):2009- 0017]。
動(dòng)物隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和過(guò)敏模型組。其中過(guò)敏模型組按不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)0、7和14 d 3次腹腔注射OVA和鋁劑的混合液,第21天給予1% OVA滴眼進(jìn)行激發(fā)。激發(fā)24 h后,采取TG。致敏模型組小鼠眼睛被1% OVA激發(fā),小鼠眼部處于過(guò)敏狀態(tài)。
1.3 ELISA檢測(cè)
按照小鼠IgE ELISA Kit(eBioscience公司)說(shuō)明書(shū)操作檢測(cè)對(duì)照組和過(guò)敏模型組小鼠血清中總IgE濃度。
1.4 Western blot測(cè)定
每10 mg TG組織塊中加入99 μL預(yù)冷的RIPA裂解液和2 μL蛋白酶抑制劑。超聲破碎,提取上清后,使用BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度。SDS聚乙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,濕法轉(zhuǎn)膜、5%脫脂牛奶封閉。抗FcεRⅠ抗體(1∶1000)、抗FcεRⅡ抗體(1∶1 000)、抗FcγRⅠ抗體(1∶1 000)、抗FcγRⅡ抗體(1∶5 000)、抗FcγRⅢ抗體(1∶5 000)和抗β-actin(1∶800)4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜;TBST清洗3遍,加二抗,室溫孵育1 h。ECL發(fā)光,應(yīng)用ImageQuant LAS4000 mini成像系統(tǒng)顯影成像。
1.5 免疫熒光
正常對(duì)照組和過(guò)敏模型組小鼠的TG在10%緩沖甲醛固定液中4 ℃固定過(guò)夜。然后浸泡在30%蔗糖溶液中并置于4 ℃脫水。待組織沉底后進(jìn)行冷凍切片,片厚12 μm。正常羊血清室溫封閉1 h后分別加入抗FcεR Ⅰ抗體(1∶100)、抗FcεRⅡ抗體(1∶100)、抗FcγR Ⅰ抗體(1∶150)、抗FcγRⅡ抗體(1∶200)和抗FcγRⅢ抗體(1∶150)4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜;分別加入Alexa Fluor488標(biāo)記的羊抗倉(cāng)鼠IgG(1∶400)、Alexa Fluor488標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG(1∶600)和Alexa Fluor488標(biāo)記的羊抗大鼠IgG(1∶500),室溫孵育1 h;封片后用熒光顯微鏡觀(guān)察。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2.1 IgG Fc受體在TG表達(dá)
小鼠TG表達(dá)IgG Fc受體的FcγRⅠ、FcγRⅡ和FcγRⅢ(圖1A)。IgG Fc受體的FcγR Ⅰ表達(dá)于小鼠TG的大、中和小神經(jīng)元上,在衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(satellite glial cells)上不表達(dá)(圖1B)。FcγRⅡ與FcγR Ⅰ相同也只表達(dá)在小鼠TG神經(jīng)元上(圖1C)。而FcγRⅢ只表達(dá)在小鼠TG的衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上,在神經(jīng)元上不表達(dá)(圖1D)。
2.2 IgE Fc受體在TG表達(dá)
在小鼠TG存在IgE Fc高親和力受體FcεRⅠ和IgE Fc低親和力受體FcεRⅡ的表達(dá)(圖2A)。IgE Fc高親和力受體FcεRⅠ只在小鼠TG神經(jīng)元上表達(dá)(圖2B)。而IgE Fc低親和力受體FcεRⅡ在小鼠TG的神經(jīng)元和衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞皆有表達(dá)(圖2C)。
2.3 致敏模型小鼠外周血總IgE的表達(dá)
造模第21天,致敏模型組小鼠血清總IgE濃度為(1 980±271)ng/mL,顯著高于正常組小鼠血清總IgE濃度為(243±90)ng/mL(P<0.05)。
2.4 過(guò)敏小鼠TG IgG Fc受體和IgE Fc受體的表達(dá)變化
OVA激發(fā)24 h后,在過(guò)敏小鼠的三叉神經(jīng)中,IgG Fc受體的FcγR Ⅰ表達(dá)降低 (P<0.05),而FcγRⅡ表達(dá)升高 (P<0.05),F(xiàn)cγRⅢ表達(dá)沒(méi)有變化(圖3)。同正常小鼠相比,過(guò)敏小鼠三叉神經(jīng)中IgE Fc受體的FcεRⅠ表達(dá)增加(P<0.05),而FcεRⅡ表達(dá)降低(P<0.05)(圖4)。
A.Western blot assay of FcγRⅠ, FcγRⅡ and FcγRⅢ in TG; B.expression of FcγRI on TG neurons (arrows); C.immunofluorenscent staining of FcγRⅡ on TG neurons (arrows); D.FcγRⅢ was found on the satellite glial cells (arrows)(scale bar=25 μm)
圖1 IgG Fc受體在三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)表達(dá)
Fig 1 Expression of IgG Fc receptor in the TG
A.Western blot assay of FcεRⅠ and FcεRⅡ in TG; B.expression of FcεRⅠ on TG neurons; C.immunoreactivity for FcεRⅡ was found on both neurons (arrows) and satellite glial cells (arrow-heads)(scale bar=25 μm)
圖2 IgE Fc受體在三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)表達(dá)
Fig 2 Expression of IgE Fc receptor in the TG
A.Western blot assay for the level of FcγRⅠ, FcγRⅡ and FcγRⅢ in both allergic mice and na?ve mice TG; B.data summary of the FcγRⅠ, FcγRⅡ and FcγRⅢ expression level in both allergic mice and na?ve mice TG;*P<0.05 compared with na?ve FcγRⅠ;#P<0.05 compared with na?ve FcγRⅡ
圖3 過(guò)敏小鼠IgG Fc受體在三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)表達(dá)
Fig 3 Expression of IgG Fc receptor in the TG
A.Western blot assay for the level of FcεRⅠ and FcεRⅡ in both allergic mice and na?ve mice TG; B.data summary of the FcεRⅠ and FcεRⅡ expression level in both allergic mice and na?ve mice TG;*P<0.05 compared with na?ve FcεRⅠ,#P<0.05 compared with na?ve FcεRⅡ
圖4 過(guò)敏小鼠IgE Fc受體在三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)表達(dá)
Fig 4 Expression of IgE Fc receptor in the TG
本研究觀(guān)察到正常小鼠TG中表達(dá)各型IgG Fc受體和IgE Fc受體。發(fā)現(xiàn)TG中IgG Fc受體FcγRⅠ和FcγRⅡ只表達(dá)在神經(jīng)元上。而IgG Fc受體FcγRⅢ不表達(dá)在神經(jīng)元上,只表達(dá)在衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)IgE Fc受體FcεRⅠ只表達(dá)在神經(jīng)元上,而IgE Fc受體FcεRⅡ在神經(jīng)元和衛(wèi)星膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上同時(shí)都表達(dá)。在過(guò)敏小鼠TG中FcγRⅠ表達(dá)降低,而FcγRⅡ表達(dá)增加,F(xiàn)cγRⅢ表達(dá)無(wú)變化。FcεRⅠ在過(guò)敏小鼠TG上表達(dá)增加,而FcεRⅡ在過(guò)敏小鼠TG上表達(dá)下降。
IgG Fc受體中FcγRⅠ、FcγRⅢ和IgE Fc受體FcεRⅠ為激活型受體,主要表達(dá)在單核巨噬細(xì)胞、粒細(xì)胞和肥大細(xì)胞等免疫細(xì)胞上,都含有與Fc段結(jié)合的α亞基和包含ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) 基序的γ亞基[7]。當(dāng)免疫復(fù)合物與FcγRⅠ、FcγRⅢ或FcεRⅠ結(jié)合,給細(xì)胞以活化信號(hào)[8- 11]。FcγRⅡ?yàn)镮gG的抑制型受體,其胞內(nèi)為ITIM基序(immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitor motif),免疫復(fù)合物與FcγRⅡ結(jié)合,激活I(lǐng)TIM基序,給細(xì)胞以抑制信號(hào)[8- 10]。FcεRⅡ 為IgE的低親和力受體,主要表達(dá)在B細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞和粒細(xì)胞上。與其他Fc受體都屬于免疫球蛋白超家族不同,F(xiàn)cεRⅡ?qū)儆谀丶易澹饕{(diào)節(jié)IgE抗體的表達(dá)[11]。
最近研究表明,在DRG神經(jīng)元中表達(dá)的FcγRⅠ和頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)中的神經(jīng)元表達(dá)的FcεRⅠ能夠分別直接被IgG或IgE免疫復(fù)合物激活[3,12]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中系統(tǒng)性的檢測(cè)了Fcγ受體和 Fcε受體各亞型在TG中各類(lèi)型細(xì)胞上的表達(dá)情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)在小鼠過(guò)敏后一些Fcγ受體和 Fcε受體的亞型在TG中表達(dá)發(fā)生改變。
綜上所述,本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀(guān)察到小鼠FcεRⅠ在ACJ模型TG神經(jīng)元中表達(dá)增高,提示其可能參與過(guò)敏性疾病的發(fā)生,發(fā)揮類(lèi)似DRG神經(jīng)元上的FcγRⅠ和IgG免疫復(fù)合物結(jié)合的作用[3- 5],直接與免疫復(fù)合物結(jié)合引起神經(jīng)元興奮性增高,參與過(guò)敏性疾病的發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致瘙癢或疼痛。關(guān)于這些受體在TG神經(jīng)元上的功能特性及其分子信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。
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Expression of Fcγ and Fcε receptor on mouse trigeminal ganglions
LIU Fan, LI Chun-yan, XU Lu-bin, CHEN Na-ze, ZHOU Mo, JIANG Hao-wu, MA Chao*
(Dept. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China)
Objective To investigate the expression of Fcγ and ε receptor on mouse trigeminal ganglions and the expression change f neuronal Fcγ and ε receptor in allergy. Methods Allergy model of mouse was developed by intraperitoneal injection of OVA and Alum. ELISA was applied to identify the level of the serum total IgE in the na?ve and allergic mouse. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression and the change of Fcγ and ε receptor on na?ve and allergic mouse trigeminal ganglions. Results Fcγ and ε receptor were expressed on mouse trigeminal ganglions. The FcγRⅠ, the IgG high-affinity activating receptor, and FcγRⅡ that is the low-affinity inhibitory receptor FcγRⅡ only expressed on trigeminal ganglions neurons, but the IgG low-affinity activating receptor FcγRⅢ were only expressed on the satellite glial cells, not neurons of mouse trigeminal ganglions. The only IgE high-affinity activating receptor FcεRⅠ was just expressed on trigeminal ganglions neurons, but the IgE low-affinity receptor FcεRⅡ expressed on neurons and satellite glial cells of trigeminal ganglions. Compared with na?ve mouse, the level of serum total IgE and the FcεRⅠ and FcγRⅡ protein of trigeminal ganglions were increased in allergic mouse. But the protein levels of trigeminal ganglions FcεRⅡ and FcγRI were decreased in allergic mouse. The expression of FcγRⅢ was not significantly differente between na?ve mouse and allergic mouse trigeminal ganglions. Conclusions Fcγ and ε receptor on mouse trigeminal ganglions may be involved in the allergic desease.
Fcγ receptor; Fcε receptor; IgG; IgE; allergy
2015- 03- 13
2015- 04- 14
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81271239);中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所院所長(zhǎng)基金(2011RC01);北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院青年科研基金(201211)
1001-6325(2015)06-0729-05
R322.8
A
*通信作者(corresponding author):machao@ibms.cams.cn