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LIN28B調(diào)控miRNAs維持MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的干性特征

2015-07-31 22:49:40白麗鵬謝俊嶺羅云萍
關(guān)鍵詞:成球干性質(zhì)粒

白麗鵬,陳 翀,劉 妍,謝俊嶺,王 威,羅云萍

(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院 免疫學(xué)系, 北京 100005)

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研究論文

LIN28B調(diào)控miRNAs維持MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的干性特征

白麗鵬,陳 翀,劉 妍,謝俊嶺,王 威,羅云萍*

(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院 免疫學(xué)系, 北京 100005)

目的研究LIN28B對(duì)人乳腺癌細(xì)胞(MCF- 7)腫瘤干細(xì)胞的干性狀態(tài)維持的作用機(jī)制。 方法在MCF- 7細(xì)胞中瞬時(shí)過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B,用qPCR和Western blot檢測(cè)干性相關(guān)基因SOX2、NAONG、c-Myc和OCT4的表達(dá);用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞亞群的比例;利用體外成球培養(yǎng)檢測(cè)腫瘤干細(xì)胞自我更新的能力,通過(guò)RNA第二代測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)在LIN28B過(guò)表達(dá)后MCF- 7細(xì)胞中miRNAs的表達(dá)差異,通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染差異表達(dá)的miRNA,檢測(cè)其對(duì)MCF- 7細(xì)胞腫瘤干細(xì)胞比例和體外成球能力的影響。結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)染p-CMV6-LIN28B 后能明顯提高LIN28B的mRNA和蛋白水平(P<0.001);過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B后MCF- 7細(xì)胞中SOX2、NANOG和OCT4在RNA和蛋白水平表達(dá)都明顯增高(P<0.05);CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞比例由1.71%上升至11.60%(P<0.05);體外成球培養(yǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)成球細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯增多(P<0.01);通過(guò)RNA測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn)有16個(gè)miRNAs在LIN28B過(guò)表達(dá)后差異表達(dá)倍數(shù)在2倍以上且P<0.05, LIN28B過(guò)表達(dá)后miR- 92b- 5p表達(dá)顯著上調(diào) (P<0.01); 轉(zhuǎn)染miR- 92b- 5p mimic后MCF- 7細(xì)胞的CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞比例由1.14%上升至3.59%(P<0.05),體外成球能力明顯增強(qiáng)(P<0.01)。結(jié)論LIN28B能維持MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的干性狀態(tài),其作用機(jī)制可能是通過(guò)miRNAs的表達(dá)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

LIN28B;腫瘤干細(xì)胞;腫瘤相關(guān)干性;miRNAs

腫瘤干細(xì)胞(cancer stem cells, CSCs)是腫瘤組織中數(shù)量極少具有干細(xì)胞特性的細(xì)胞,既表現(xiàn)出干細(xì)胞的特性又有腫瘤細(xì)胞的特點(diǎn)。有研究[1]證明CD44high表型的肺癌細(xì)胞比CD44low表型的肺癌細(xì)胞有更強(qiáng)的成球能力和致瘤性,接種300個(gè)CD44high細(xì)胞于NOD/SCID(非肥胖糖尿病/重癥聯(lián)合免疫缺陷)小鼠就可以形成腫瘤,而接種3×104個(gè)CD44low細(xì)胞和5×105個(gè)未分離的混合細(xì)胞都不能形成腫瘤。LIN28是一種首先在線蟲(chóng)C.elegans中發(fā)現(xiàn)的RNA結(jié)合蛋白,在其發(fā)育過(guò)程中起重要作用;在哺乳動(dòng)物中LIN28具有結(jié)構(gòu)和功能高度同源的兩種同系物L(fēng)IN28A和LIN28B。已有研究表明LIN28在多種腫瘤中高表達(dá),與腫瘤的發(fā)生、轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[2- 3]。 miRNA是一類(lèi)長(zhǎng)度為19~24個(gè)核苷酸的非編碼RNA,通過(guò)3′-UTR與靶基因mRNA結(jié)合對(duì)其進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控[4]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LIN28通過(guò)阻止Let- 7的加工成熟影響靶基因的表達(dá),從而對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞代謝、干性發(fā)揮重要作用[5- 6]。已有的研究主要是集中在LIN28通過(guò)Let- 7發(fā)揮的調(diào)控作用,不過(guò)LIN28也能調(diào)控其他miRNAs如miR- 150[3]。本研究主要探究LIN28B對(duì)MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞干性特征的調(diào)控,并通過(guò)miRNA測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn)受LIN28B調(diào)控的miRNAs。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料與試劑

人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF- 7 和DMEM培養(yǎng)基(中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所細(xì)胞資源中心);胎牛血清、100×非必需氨基酸及100×青霉素-鏈霉素(Gibco公司);人乳腺上皮細(xì)胞成球培養(yǎng)基(Stem Cell公司);低吸附6孔培養(yǎng)板(Corning公司);辣根過(guò)氧化物酶-兔抗人OCT4、SOX2、NANOG、c-Myc和LIN28B(Cell Signaling Technology公司);流式抗體鼠抗人CD44-APC和CD24-PE(BD公司);質(zhì)粒p-CMV6和p-CMV6-LIN28B(Origene公司);轉(zhuǎn)染試劑Lipo2000及opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基(Invitrogen公司);第一鏈cDNA合成試劑盒及qPCR試劑盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。

1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及細(xì)胞成球培養(yǎng)

人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF- 7在含10% FBS、1×雙抗(青霉素-鏈霉素溶液) 的DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)基中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱進(jìn)行常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)80%~90%時(shí),用0.25%胰蛋白酶進(jìn)行消化并傳代;用人乳腺上皮細(xì)胞成球培養(yǎng)基將MCF- 7細(xì)胞濃度調(diào)整為1×104個(gè)/ mL,在低吸附6孔培養(yǎng)板中每孔加入2 mL細(xì)胞懸液,在37 ℃、5% CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行成球培養(yǎng)。

1.3 在MCF- 7細(xì)胞中瞬時(shí)過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B

在6孔板中預(yù)先鋪3×105個(gè)細(xì)胞,待細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)60%~70%時(shí),在對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組中分別轉(zhuǎn)染質(zhì)粒p-CMV6和p-CMV6-LIN28B。質(zhì)粒與lipo2000的比例為1 μg質(zhì)粒/2 μL lipo2000,分別用250 μL opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基稀釋質(zhì)粒和lipo2000,室溫靜置5 min,將稀釋后的質(zhì)粒加入稀釋后的lipo2000,充分混勻,室溫靜置20 min。將6孔板細(xì)胞上清吸棄,用PBS溶液潤(rùn)洗1次,加入1.5 mL opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基和質(zhì)粒與lipo2000混合物,培養(yǎng)48 h后提取RNA和蛋白。

1.4 Western blot檢測(cè)OCT4、SOX2、NAONG、c-Myc和LIN28B的表達(dá)

提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,使用細(xì)胞裂解液,置于冰上5 min,于4 ℃ 14 000×g離心15 min,吸取上清,經(jīng)12% SDS-PAGE電泳分離,恒流200 mA轉(zhuǎn)膜120 min至PVDF膜,5% BSA封閉1 h,再分別與OCT4、SOX2、NANOG、c-Myc、LIN28B一抗(均為1∶1000稀釋?zhuān)K濃度為1 μg/mL),4 ℃過(guò)夜孵育,洗膜后加入二抗(1∶10 000稀釋),室溫孵育1 h,洗膜后用增敏化學(xué)發(fā)光液顯色。

1.5 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)MCF- 7細(xì)胞中的干性細(xì)胞

分別取6孔板中MCF- 7-NC細(xì)胞 和MCF- 7-LIN28B細(xì)胞,收集6×105個(gè)細(xì)胞,用PBS洗滌2次后,加入500 μL染色緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,并分別加入3 μL流式抗體CD44-APC和CD24-PE,4 ℃避光孵育30 min,300×g離心5 min,棄去上清再用PBS溶液洗滌2次,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。

1.6 microRNA測(cè)序

分別提取MCF- 7-NC細(xì)胞和MCF- 7-LIN28B細(xì)胞RNA,送華大基因公司測(cè)序,質(zhì)檢合格后進(jìn)行測(cè)序,每組送2份樣品作為生物學(xué)重復(fù)。

1.7 RT-qPCR檢測(cè)干性相關(guān)基因及miRNAs的表達(dá)

采用Trizol提取RNA,定量后使用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒合成cDNA第一鏈。使用適量的cDNA作為PCR模板,SYBR染料實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物的量,以β-actin為內(nèi)參(miRNA qPCR以U6 snRNA為內(nèi)參)分析基因的表達(dá)情況。所使用的引物序列見(jiàn)表1。

1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

2 結(jié)果

2.1 LIN28B促進(jìn)MCF- 7細(xì)胞中干性相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)

在MCF- 7過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B后,與對(duì)照組細(xì)胞相比,除了LIN28B明顯過(guò)表達(dá)外,干性基因SOX2、NANOG和OCT4在mRNA和蛋白水平也有所增高(P<0.05),而c-Myc 的表達(dá)無(wú)明顯差異(圖1)。

2.2 LIN28B提高M(jìn)CF- 7干性細(xì)胞比例及體外成球能力

過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B后,MCF- 7干性細(xì)胞即CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞比例由1.71%增高到11.60%(P<0.05)(圖2A);過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B后成球細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和大小都明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)(圖2B,C)。

2.3 RNA測(cè)序

將轉(zhuǎn)染NC-vertor 和LIN28B-vector的MCF- 7細(xì)胞提取RNA后測(cè)序的熱圖如下(圖3A),其中差異表達(dá)在2倍以上且P<0.05的miRNAs有16個(gè)(圖3B);經(jīng)qPCR驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn),過(guò)表達(dá)LIN28B后miR- 92b- 5p表達(dá)上調(diào)(P<0.01)(圖3C),且與測(cè)序結(jié)果相符。

表1 qPCR引物序列

2.4 miR- 92b- 5p促進(jìn)MCF- 7細(xì)胞的體外成球能力

在MCF- 7細(xì)胞中轉(zhuǎn)染miR- 92b- 5p mimic 48 h后,miR- 92b- 5p的表達(dá)明顯上調(diào)(圖4A), MCF- 7細(xì)胞的CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞比例由1.14%上升至3.59% (P<0.05)(圖4B),MCF- 7細(xì)胞的體外成球能力明顯提高(圖4C)。

A.the protein levels of stemness related genes detected by Western blot; B.the relative mRNA levels of stemness related genes detected by qPCR;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001 compared with NC-vector

圖1 MCF- 7細(xì)胞中LIN28B對(duì)干性相關(guān)基因mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)的影響

Fig 1 Effect of LIN28B on expression of stemness related genes mRNA and protein in MCF- 7 cell line

A.the change of proportion of cancer stem cells; B.representative images of tumorsphere cells(×400); C.statistical graph of tumor sphere forming;*P<0.01 compared with NC-vector

圖2 LIN28B對(duì)MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的影響

Fig 2 The effect of LIN28B on cancer stem cells in MCF- 7

3 討論

Lin28是在進(jìn)化上高度保守的RNA結(jié)合蛋白,在機(jī)體生長(zhǎng)和代謝、組織發(fā)育等生物過(guò)程發(fā)揮重要的作用。既往的研究表明Lin28A和Lin28B主要是通過(guò)抑制pri-let- 7加工成成熟的let- 7,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的有氧糖酵解,維持干細(xì)胞的未分化狀態(tài)。CSCs是腫瘤組織中比例很低的、 具有自我更新能力和多向分化潛能的一群細(xì)胞,是腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)、耐藥和轉(zhuǎn)移的根源[7]。最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SOX2在CSCs致瘤性和放療耐受性中發(fā)揮重要作用[8];OCT4與CSCs自我更新和分化密切相關(guān)[9],但是干性相關(guān)基因LIN28B在CSCs中的作用還不是很清楚。miRNAs作為轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控因子,參與一系列重要的生物學(xué)過(guò)程,如細(xì)胞周期、細(xì)胞增殖和分化、凋亡和代謝,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNAs也參與CSCs自我更新及分化過(guò)程。miR- 34a通過(guò)Notch信號(hào)通路成為早期分裂的結(jié)腸癌干細(xì)胞(colon cancer stem cells,CCSCs)命運(yùn)決定因子,通過(guò)上調(diào)或下調(diào)miR- 34a的表達(dá)可以改變CCSCs分化和自我更新之間的平衡[10];通過(guò)miRNAs篩選發(fā)現(xiàn),與普通神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞和正常腦組織相比,miR- 340在神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤干細(xì)胞(glioma-initiating cells,GICs)和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤組織中表達(dá)下調(diào),在GICs過(guò)表達(dá)miR- 340能明顯抑制GICs的體外增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移能力,使GICs處于失能狀態(tài),并抑制GICs在大鼠體內(nèi)的成瘤能力[11]。本研究通過(guò)RNA測(cè)序在MCF- 7細(xì)胞中找到受LIN28B調(diào)控的一些miRNAs,并進(jìn)一步研究這些miRNAs對(duì)CSCs 功能的影響。經(jīng)qPCR驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn)LIN28B能上調(diào)miR- 92b- 5p,轉(zhuǎn)染miR- 92b- 5p mimic后發(fā)現(xiàn)能提高M(jìn)CF- 7細(xì)胞的CD44high/CD24low細(xì)胞比例,促進(jìn)MCF- 7細(xì)胞的體外成球能力。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR- 92b通過(guò)調(diào)控靶基因RECK促進(jìn)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖和遷移[12],通過(guò)調(diào)控Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲[13]。但LIN28B是如何上調(diào)miR- 92b- 5p以及miR- 92b- 5p在LIN28B維持MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的干性狀態(tài)過(guò)程中的作用有待進(jìn)一步研究。

A.the result of miRNA sequencing; B.miRNAs of differential expression; C.quantification of differential miRNAs detected by qPCR;*P<0.05,**P<0.01 compared with NC-vector

圖3 RNA測(cè)序及驗(yàn)證

Fig 3 RNA sequencing and verification

A.the RNA level of miR- 92b- 5p detected by qPCR; B.the change of proportion of cancer stem cells; C.representative images of tumor sphere cells (×400); D.statistical graph of tumor sphere forming;*P<0.05;**P<0.01 compared with NC mimic

圖4 miR- 92b- 5p 對(duì)MCF- 7腫瘤干細(xì)胞的影響

Fig 4 The effect of miR- 92b- 5p on cancer stem cells in MCF- 7

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LIN28B maintains the stemness of cancer stem cells in MCF- 7 cell line via regulating miRNAs

BAI Li-peng, CHEN Chong, LIU Yan, XIE Jun-ling, WANG Wei, LUO Yun-ping*

(Dept. of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicial Sciences, Chinese Acadermy of Medical Sciences,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China)

Objective To investigate the effect of LIN28B on maintaining the stemness of cancer stem cells in MCF- 7 breast cancer cell line. Methods LIN28B was instantaneously overexpressed in MCF- 7 cells (LIN28B-MCF- 7). The expression of stemness related genes in both mRNA and protein level was detected by either qPCR or Western blot; the proportion of CD44high/CD24lowcells was quantitated by flow cytometry;tumorsphere forming ability was analyzed byinvitroexperiment; the differential expression of miRNAs either in LIN28B overexpression cells or wild type cells was detected by miRNA-sequencing or real-time PCR. The ability of tumorspheres forming was detected after transfecting miRNA mimics. Results The expression of LIN28B significantly increased in MCF-7 cells that transfected p-CMV6-LIN28B (P<0.001). The expression of either mRNA and protein of SOX2, NANOG, c-Myc and OCT4 were up-regulated (P<0.05); the proportion of CD44high/CD24lowcells increased from 1.71% to 11.60% (P<0.05); the number of tumorspheres was significantly improved (P<0.01) in LIN28B-MCF- 7 cells; 16 miRNAs of differential expression were found by miRNA-sequencing in LIN28B-MCF- 7 cells comparing to wild type cells. The proportion of CD44high/CD24lowcells was increased from 1.14% to 3.59% (P<0.05), and the ability of tumorsphere forming was significantly increased in MCF- 7 cells after transfecting miR- 92b- 5p mimic (P<0.01). Conclusions LIN28B keeps the stemness of cancer stem cells by regulating miRNAs in MCF- 7 cell line.

LIN28B;cancer stem cells;tumor associated stemness;miRNAs

2015- 03- 12

2015- 04- 15

國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(2013CB967202)

1001-6325(2015)06-0754-07

R73-354

A

*通信作者(corresponding author):ypluo@ibms.pumc.edu.cn

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