蔣靜子 俸軍林 康俊玲 蘇涵
[摘要] 目的 探討磁共振波譜(MRS)與血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)在顳葉癲癇診斷與治療中的意義。 方法 選擇2010年10月~2013年10月于桂林醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)診治的顳葉癲癇患者54例,并進(jìn)行抗癲癇藥物血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)、動(dòng)態(tài)腦電圖(AEEG)、MRI和MRS檢查;同時(shí)選擇我院正常體檢者20例作為正常對(duì)照,并進(jìn)行AEEG、MRI和MRS檢查。MRS檢測(cè)雙側(cè)海馬N-乙酰天門冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸復(fù)合物(Cr)和膽堿復(fù)合物(Cho)的水平。分析并比較兩組的上述檢查結(jié)果。 結(jié)果 ①正常對(duì)照AEEG、MRI和MRS均正常;54例顳葉癲癇患者中,AEEG異常31例(57.4%),MRI發(fā)現(xiàn)海馬硬化19例(35.1%),MRS異常39例(72.2%),血藥濃度在有效范圍內(nèi)29例(53.7%),治療有效32例(59.2%),治療無效22例(40.7%)。②顳葉癲癇患者病側(cè)的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho值低于對(duì)側(cè)和正常對(duì)照,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);患者對(duì)側(cè)的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cho值低于正常對(duì)照(P < 0.05)。③治療無效的顳葉癲癇患者NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho值低于治療有效的顳葉癲癇患者(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),而血藥濃度在有效范圍內(nèi)患者的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho與有效范圍外患者比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 MRS可早期發(fā)現(xiàn)顳葉癲癇早期海馬生化代謝異常,在早期診斷上有更高的敏感性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 磁共振波譜;癲癇;核磁共振成像;血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R742.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2015)06(b)-0047-04
Monitoring serum antiepileptic concentration and magnetic resonance proton spectrum analysis of metabolin in hippocampus by examination in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
JIANG Jingzi FENG Junlin KANG Junling SU Han
Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541001, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value of magnetic resonance proton spectrum (MRS) and plasma concentration monitoring on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods From October 2010 to October 2013, in the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University ("our hospital " for short), 54 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were selected and given plasma concentration monitoring, AEEG, MRI and MRS; at the same time, 20 healthy physical examination people in our hospital were selected as normal control and given AEEG, MRI and MRS. The metabolic products in hippocampus including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) were quantitatively analyzed through MRS on bilateral hippocampus. Above all examination results were analyzed and compared. Results ①The results of AEEG, MRI and MRS in normal control were normal. Among 54 patients, abnormal AFFG were 31 cases (57.4%), hippocampus sclerosis from MRI were 19 cases (35.1%), abnormal MRS were 39 cases (72.2%), plasma concentration of 29 patients (53.7%) were within the effective therapeutic range, effective treatment were 32 cases (59.2%), ineffective treatment were 22 cases (40.7%). ②The value of NAA/(Cr+Cho), NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho in the abnormal side hippocampus of patients were significantly lower than that in the opposite side of hippocampus and normal control, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); the value of NAA/(Cr+Cho) and NAA/Cho in opposite side were lower than those in the normal control, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ③The value of NAA/(Cr+Cho), NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho of ineffective treatment patients were lower than those of treatment patients (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while there were no significant differences between within plasma concentration monitoring effective range and outside lasma concentration monitoring effective range. Conclusion MRS is more sensitive than MRI in diagnosis and location of epilepsy, MRS can increase the positive rate of early biochemical metabolism change in hippocampus in patients with partial seizure.
[Key words] Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Epilepsy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Blood concentration monitoring
磁共振波譜(MRS)是現(xiàn)有技術(shù)中能檢測(cè)活體內(nèi)生化物質(zhì)改變的唯一非創(chuàng)性技術(shù)影像,難治性癲癇的發(fā)病機(jī)制、腦損傷及預(yù)后與腦內(nèi)多種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)有關(guān),多種抗癲癇藥物亦通過神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)起作用。顳葉癲癇主要表現(xiàn)為單純部分性發(fā)作、復(fù)雜部分性發(fā)作、繼發(fā)全面性發(fā)作或者這些發(fā)作形式組合,占全部癲癇比例的30%~35%,大部分均容易發(fā)展為難治性癲癇。本研究以顳葉癲癇患者為研究對(duì)象,觀察比較其血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果、海馬代謝物的MRS改變,以及磁共振(MRI)及動(dòng)態(tài)腦電圖(AEEG)等改變,探討磁共振波譜(MRS)與血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)在顳葉癲癇診斷與治療中的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2010年10月~2013年10月于桂林醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)確診為顳葉癲癇的54例患者,其中男29例,女25例,平均(26.30±3.50)歲。另選擇我院同期基線資料相近的的正常體檢者20例為正常對(duì)照,其中男10例,女10例,年齡16~32歲,平均(24.60±4.99)歲。兩組年齡、性別一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者和/或家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書?;颊呔鶕?jù)《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》第7版的癲癇診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并結(jié)合患者的病史、臨床表現(xiàn)、腦電圖及頭顱MRI檢查明確診斷為顳葉癲癇。排除伴有頭顱器質(zhì)性病變者,伴有心、肝、腎等重要臟器功能不全者,無法配合檢查者。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 AEEG檢查 釆用動(dòng)態(tài)腦電圖檢測(cè)儀檢測(cè)癲癇波的形態(tài)及部位,癲癇波包括尖波、尖慢波、棘慢波、棘波等。
1.2.2 MRI檢查 檢查所用儀器為磁共振掃描儀(Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T超導(dǎo)型),8通道頭部正交線圈,先行常規(guī)序列掃描。
1.2.3 MRS檢查 選用單體素自旋回波波譜序列(point resolved spectroscopy,PRESS)(TR=1690 ms,TE=135 ms,體素大小為10 mm×10 mm×15 mm),體素長(zhǎng)軸平行于海馬長(zhǎng)軸放置,冠狀位重點(diǎn)感興趣區(qū)域定位于雙側(cè)海馬結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)域。MRS原始數(shù)據(jù)由MRI自帶軟件自動(dòng)完成基線校準(zhǔn)、信號(hào)平均、代謝物識(shí)別,計(jì)算海馬N-乙酰天門冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)和膽堿(Cho)各代謝物波峰的曲線下面積,生成NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho的比值。以正常對(duì)照組NAA/(Cr+Cho)比值為準(zhǔn),若等于或高于此值時(shí)稱對(duì)側(cè),低于此值時(shí)稱病側(cè);若雙側(cè)均低于此值,則計(jì)算兩側(cè)差值;若差值大于0.07,則將降低嚴(yán)重側(cè)稱為病側(cè);若差值等于或小于0.07,則不能定側(cè)。
1.2.4 抗癲癇藥物血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè) 使用雅培公司生產(chǎn)的卡馬西平、苯妥英鈉及丙戊酸鈉的試劑盒,使用EMIT均相酶放大免疫法分析儀測(cè)定,按試劑盒說明操作。測(cè)定谷濃度,早上服藥前空腹采靜脈血,時(shí)間上需在抗癲癇藥達(dá)穩(wěn)態(tài)后,即5~7個(gè)半衰期。有效血藥濃度的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]:有效血藥濃度丙戊酸鈉為50~100 mg/L,卡馬西平為4~12 mg/L,苯妥英鈉為10~20 mg/L。
1.3 治療效果
觀察用藥前3個(gè)月每月平均發(fā)作次數(shù),并與用藥3個(gè)月后每月平均發(fā)作次數(shù)相比較。①控制:無發(fā)作;②顯效:每月平均發(fā)作次數(shù)減少75%;③有效:每月平均發(fā)作次數(shù)減少75%~50%;④無效:每月平均發(fā)作次數(shù)減少<50%或增加[1]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);多組間比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 AEEG檢查結(jié)果
正常對(duì)照組的AEEG檢查結(jié)果均為正常腦電圖。顳葉患者中,癲癇樣放電31例(57.4%),13例(24.1%)可以定位,18例(33.3%)不能定位。
2.2 MRI檢查結(jié)果
正常對(duì)照組MRI檢查均正常。顳葉癲癇患者中,未見異常35例(64.8%),海馬硬化19例(35.1%)。
2.3 MRS檢查結(jié)果
正常對(duì)照組MRS檢查結(jié)果均正常。顳葉癲癇患者中,MRS提示異常39例(72.0%),正常15例(27.7%)。MRS檢查各參數(shù)比較,顳葉癲癇患者病側(cè)的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho均低于正常對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);顳葉癲癇患者對(duì)側(cè)的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cho亦低于正常對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而NAA/Cr差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);顳葉癲癇患者病側(cè)的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho均低于顳葉癲癇患者對(duì)側(cè),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
表1 顳葉癲癇患者對(duì)側(cè)、病側(cè)與正常對(duì)照的
MRS檢查各參數(shù)值情況(x±s)
注:與正常對(duì)照比較,*P < 0.05;與對(duì)側(cè)比較,#P < 0.05;MRS:磁共振波譜;NAA:N-乙酰天門冬氨酸,Cr:肌酸,Cho:膽堿
2.4 血藥濃度監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果
54例顳葉癲癇患者中,20例患者服用丙戊酸鈉治療,23例患者服用卡馬西平治療,11例患者服用苯妥英鈉治療。29例(53.7%)患者血藥濃度在有效范圍內(nèi),16例(29.6%)患者血藥濃度低于有效范圍,9例(16.7%)患者血藥濃度高于有效范圍,三組患者的NAA/(Cr+Cho)、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。